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Exercise Reduces Infarct Volume and Facilitates Neurobehavioral Recovery: Results From a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Exercise in Experimental Models of Focal Ischemia
Conclusion. Exercise, either before or after ischemia, reduced infarct volume and improved neurobehavioral score. However, overall estimates of efficacy were higher in studies at risk of bias, and for neurobehavioral outcomes, there was evidence of a substantial publication bias. (Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair)
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - September 8, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Egan, K. J., Janssen, H., Sena, E. S., Longley, L., Speare, S., Howells, D. W., Spratt, N. J., Macleod, M. R., Mead, G. E., Bernhardt, J. Tags: Basic Research Article Source Type: research

Illusory Touch Temporarily Improves Sensation in Areas of Chronic Numbness: A Brief Communication
Conclusion. Creating the illusion of touch may improve sensory function in areas of chronic numbness. This preliminary finding adds to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of techniques that directly target cortical function in people with peripheral nerve injury. (Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair)
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - September 8, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Wand, B. M., Stephens, S. E., Mangharam, E. I. M., George, P. J., Bulsara, M. K., O'Connell, N. E., Moseley, G. L. Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research

Two Common Tests of Dexterity Can Stratify Upper Limb Motor Function After Stroke
Conclusions. Two simple unambiguous and objective tests of gross (BBT) and fine (grooved pegboard test) manual dexterity discriminated 3 groups of motor function ability for a heterogeneous group of patients after stroke. (Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair)
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - September 8, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Thompson-Butel, A. G., Lin, G. G., Shiner, C. T., McNulty, P. A. Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research

The Persistent and Broadly Modulating Effect of Inhibitory rTMS in Nonfluent Aphasic Patients: A Sham-Controlled, Double-Blind Study
Conclusions. The results of this study provide evidence that inhibitory rTMS, through downregulating the circuitry of the right pars triangularis (PTr), achieves a persistent and broadly modulating effect, irrespective of aphasia severity and subtype. Patients who show lower rMT in the right motor system would seem to benefit the most from inhibitory rTMS. (Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair)
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - September 8, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Tsai, P.-Y., Wang, C.-P., Ko, J. S., Chung, Y.-M., Chang, Y.-W., Wang, J.-X. Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research

A Home Balance Exercise Program Improves Walking in People With Cerebellar Ataxia
Conclusions. Improvement in locomotor performance in people with cerebellar ataxia was observable after a 6-week home balance exercise program. The exercise program must be designed to provide a significant challenge to the person’s balance. (Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair)
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - September 8, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Keller, J. L., Bastian, A. J. Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research

Resting-State Functional Connectivity and Its Association With Multiple Domains of Upper-Extremity Function in Chronic Stroke
Conclusions. The results reported here expand on previous findings, indicating that homotopic rsFC persists in chronic stroke and discriminates between varying levels of upper-extremity control and real-world use. Further work is needed to evaluate its adequacy as a biomarker of motor recovery following stroke. (Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair)
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - September 8, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Urbin, M. A., Hong, X., Lang, C. E., Carter, A. R. Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research

Corticospinal Tract Diffusion Abnormalities Early After Stroke Predict Motor Outcome
Conclusions. Loss in acute CST AD and subacute CST FA are strong prognostic indicators of future motor functions of the upper limb for stroke patients with substantial initial motor impairment. DTI-derived measure of CST injury early after stroke may have utility in health care planning and in design of acute stroke clinical trials. (Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair)
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - September 8, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Groisser, B. N., Copen, W. A., Singhal, A. B., Hirai, K. K., Schaechter, J. D. Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research

Dual-Hemisphere Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Rehabilitation of Poststroke Aphasia: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Conclusion. This is the first clinical study of dual-hemisphere rTMS in poststroke aphasia. Combining dual-hemisphere rTMS with language training might be a feasible treatment for nonfluent aphasia; further multicenter studies are needed to confirm this result. (Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair)
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - September 8, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Khedr, E. M., Abo El-Fetoh, N., Ali, A. M., El-Hammady, D. H., Khalifa, H., Atta, H., Karim, A. A. Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research

Eliciting Upper Extremity Purposeful Movements Using Video Games: A Comparison With Traditional Therapy for Stroke Rehabilitation
Conclusions. Video games elicited more UE purposeful repetitions and higher acceleration of movement compared with traditional therapy in individuals with chronic stroke. (Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair)
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - September 8, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Rand, D., Givon, N., Weingarden, H., Nota, A., Zeilig, G. Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research

Community-Based Exercise for Chronic Disease Management: An Italian Design for the United States?
Although only a small proportion of older adults in the United States engage in recommended amounts of physical exercise, the health benefits of exercise for this population and the potential for lowering health care costs are substantial. However, access to regular exercise programs for the frail elderly and individuals with disabilities remains limited. In the context of health reform and emerging opportunities in developing integrated systems of care, the experience in Tuscany in implementing a community-based program of exercise for the elderly should be of interest. (Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair)
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - September 8, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Weinrich, M., Stuart, M., Benvenuti, F. Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research

Impact of Adapted Physical Activity and Therapeutic Patient Education on Functioning and Quality of Life in Patients With Postacute Strokes
Conclusions. Our results confirm that it is feasible and potentially effective to implement APA programs for elderly patients with complex clinical conditions as early as 3 months after a stroke and suggest that, when combined with TPE, the effects of a postrehabilitation APA program are relatively enduring. (Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair)
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - September 8, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Taricco, M., Dallolio, L., Calugi, S., Rucci, P., Fugazzaro, S., Stuart, M., Pillastrini, P., Fantini, M. P., the EFG [Esercizio Fisico di Gruppo] /2009 Investigators, Taricco, Bassi, Bernucci, Gaudenzi, Kopliku, Manigrasso, Morara, Dallolio, Calugi, Fant Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research

Early Evaluation of Nerve Regeneration After Nerve Injury and Repair Using Functional Connectivity MRI
In this study, distinguishable differences were found in healthy, nerve transection without repair (R–) and nerve transection with repair (R+) groups in the subacute stage (2 weeks after initial injury). Only forepaw on the healthy side was used to determine seed voxel regions in this study. Disturbance of neuronal network in the primary sensory region of cortex occurs within two hours after initial injury, and the network pattern was restored in R+ group in subacute stage, while the disturbed pattern remained in R– group. These are the central findings of the study. This technique provides a novel way of detec...
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - August 13, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Li, R., Hettinger, P. C., Liu, X., Machol, J., Yan, J.-G., Matloub, H. S., Hyde, J. S. Tags: Basic Research Articles Source Type: research

Vagus Nerve Stimulation Delivered During Motor Rehabilitation Improves Recovery in a Rat Model of Stroke
Neural plasticity is widely believed to support functional recovery following brain damage. Vagus nerve stimulation paired with different forelimb movements causes long-lasting map plasticity in rat primary motor cortex that is specific to the paired movement. We tested the hypothesis that repeatedly pairing vagus nerve stimulation with upper forelimb movements would improve recovery of motor function in a rat model of stroke. Rats were separated into 3 groups: vagus nerve stimulation during rehabilitation (rehab), vagus nerve stimulation after rehab, and rehab alone. Animals underwent 4 training stages: shaping (motor ski...
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - August 13, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Khodaparast, N., Hays, S. A., Sloan, A. M., Fayyaz, T., Hulsey, D. R., Rennaker, R. L., Kilgard, M. P. Tags: Basic Research Articles Source Type: research

The Effects of Peroneal Nerve Functional Electrical Stimulation Versus Ankle-Foot Orthosis in Patients With Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Conclusions. Use of FES is equivalent to the AFO. Further studies should examine whether FES enables better performance in tasks involving functional mobility, activities of daily living, and balance. (Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair)
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - August 13, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Bethoux, F., Rogers, H. L., Nolan, K. J., Abrams, G. M., Annaswamy, T. M., Brandstater, M., Browne, B., Burnfield, J. M., Feng, W., Freed, M. J., Geis, C., Greenberg, J., Gudesblatt, M., Ikramuddin, F., Jayaraman, A., Kautz, S. A., Lutsep, H. L., Madhavan Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research

Modular Ankle Robotics Training in Early Subacute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Conclusion. Though limited by small sample size and restricted entry criteria, our findings suggest that modular lower extremity robotics during early subacute hospitalization is well tolerated and improves ankle motor control and gait patterning. (Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair)
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - August 13, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Forrester, L. W., Roy, A., Krywonis, A., Kehs, G., Krebs, H. I., Macko, R. F. Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research