Can Multi-attribute Utility Instruments Adequately Account for Subjective Well-being?
This article explores an alternative hypothesis: that a failure of an MAUI to account for variation in SWB is primarily a result of the failure of its descriptive system to include the elements of health that determine SWB and that cannot therefore be included in assessment of the health state utility. Methods: Survey data are used to determine the extent to which 6 MAUIs with significantly different descriptive systems explain differences between the SWB of the healthy public and patients in 7 disease areas. Results: The EQ-5D-5L takes least account...
Source: Medical Decision Making - March 17, 2015 Category: Health Management Authors: Richardson, J., Chen, G., Khan, M. A., Iezzi, A. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Comparing and Explaining Differences in the Magnitude, Content, and Sensitivity of Utilities Predicted by the EQ-5D, SF-6D, HUI 3, 15D, QWB, and AQoL-8D Multiattribute Utility Instruments
Discussion. Results indicate that instruments measure related but different constructs. They imply that commonly used instruments systematically discriminate against some classes of services, most notably mental health services. Differences in the instrument scales imply the need for transformations between the instruments to increase the comparability of measurement. (Source: Medical Decision Making)
Source: Medical Decision Making - March 17, 2015 Category: Health Management Authors: Richardson, J., Khan, M. A., Iezzi, A., Maxwell, A. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Call for Papers: Methods for Extrapolating Survival in Cost-Effectiveness Analyses
(Source: Medical Decision Making)
Source: Medical Decision Making - March 17, 2015 Category: Health Management Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Medical Decision Making Reviewers, 2014
(Source: Medical Decision Making)
Source: Medical Decision Making - March 17, 2015 Category: Health Management Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Modeling and Validating the Cost and Clinical Pathway of Colorectal Cancer
Conclusions. The model can be used to 1) address a range of CRC-related themes (general model) like survival and evaluation of the cost of treatment and prevention measures; 2) make predictions from intermediate to final outcomes; 3) estimate changes in resource use and costs due to changing guidelines; and 4) adjust for future changes in treatment and trends over time. The model is adaptable to other populations. (Source: Medical Decision Making)
Source: Medical Decision Making - January 14, 2015 Category: Health Management Authors: Joranger, P., Nesbakken, A., Hoff, G., Sorbye, H., Oshaug, A., Aas, E. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Development of a Microsimulation of Melanoma Mortality for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Population-Based Skin Cancer Screening
Conclusions. We developed a microsimulation model of melanoma mortality that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of population-based skin cancer screening. The simulation provided plausible melanoma mortality predictions and is a tool for comparing different SCS scenarios. However, it does not provide estimates on total costs of SCS. (Source: Medical Decision Making)
Source: Medical Decision Making - January 14, 2015 Category: Health Management Authors: Eisemann, N., Waldmann, A., Garbe, C., Katalinic, A. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Performance of a Mathematical Model to Forecast Lives Saved from HIV Treatment Expansion in Resource-Limited Settings
Conclusions. Validation and calibration resulted in a good-fitting model appropriate for health policy decision making. Using local data in a policy model-building process is feasible in resource-limited settings. (Source: Medical Decision Making)
Source: Medical Decision Making - January 14, 2015 Category: Health Management Authors: Kimmel, A. D., Fitzgerald, D. W., Pape, J. W., Schackman, B. R. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
An Agent-based Simulation Model for Clostridium difficile Infection Control
Conclusion. We develop a generalized ABM for CDI control that can be customized and further expanded to specific institutions and/or scenarios. Additionally, we estimate transition probabilities for a Markov model of natural CDI progression in a patient through calibration. (Source: Medical Decision Making)
Source: Medical Decision Making - January 14, 2015 Category: Health Management Authors: Codella, J., Safdar, N., Heffernan, R., Alagoz, O. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Modeling and Calibration for Exposure to Time-Varying, Modifiable Risk Factors: The Example of Smoking Behavior in India
Conclusions. The approach described is feasible for important risk factors for numerous chronic diseases. Incorporating exposure-change rates can improve modeled estimates of chronic disease outcomes and of the long-term effects of interventions targeting risk factors. (Source: Medical Decision Making)
Source: Medical Decision Making - January 14, 2015 Category: Health Management Authors: Goldhaber-Fiebert, J. D., Brandeau, M. L. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
The Influence of Disease Risk on the Optimal Time Interval between Screens for the Early Detection of Cancer: A Mathematical Approach
The intervals between screens for the early detection of diseases such as breast and colon cancer suggested by screening guidelines are typically based on the average population risk of disease. With the emergence of ever more biomarkers for cancer risk prediction and the development of personalized medicine, there is a need for risk-specific screening intervals. The interval between successive screens should be shorter with increasing cancer risk. A risk-dependent optimal interval is ideally derived from a cost-effectiveness analysis using a validated simulation model. However, this is time-consuming and costly. We propos...
Source: Medical Decision Making - January 14, 2015 Category: Health Management Authors: O'Mahony, J. F., van Rosmalen, J., Mushkudiani, N. A., Goudsmit, F.-W., Eijkemans, M. J. C., Heijnsdijk, E. A. M., Steyerberg, E. W., Habbema, J. D. F. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Identifying Best-Fitting Inputs in Health-Economic Model Calibration: A Pareto Frontier Approach
Conclusions. Choices in generating a summary GOF score may result in different health economic conclusions. The Pareto frontier approach eliminates the need to make these choices by using an intuitive and transparent notion of optimality as the basis for identifying best-fitting input sets. (Source: Medical Decision Making)
Source: Medical Decision Making - January 14, 2015 Category: Health Management Authors: Enns, E. A., Cipriano, L. E., Simons, C. T., Kong, C. Y. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Calibration of Risk Prediction Models: Impact on Decision-Analytic Performance
Decision-analytic measures to assess clinical utility of prediction models and diagnostic tests incorporate the relative clinical consequences of true and false positives without the need for external information such as monetary costs. Net Benefit is a commonly used metric that weights the relative consequences in terms of the risk threshold at which a patient would opt for treatment. Theoretical results demonstrate that clinical utility is affected by a model’;s calibration, the extent to which estimated risks correspond to observed event rates. We analyzed the effects of different types of miscalibration on Net Be...
Source: Medical Decision Making - January 14, 2015 Category: Health Management Authors: Van Calster, B., Vickers, A. J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Calibration of Complex Models through Bayesian Evidence Synthesis: A Demonstration and Tutorial
Decision-analytic models must often be informed using data that are only indirectly related to the main model parameters. The authors outline how to implement a Bayesian synthesis of diverse sources of evidence to calibrate the parameters of a complex model. A graphical model is built to represent how observed data are generated from statistical models with unknown parameters and how those parameters are related to quantities of interest for decision making. This forms the basis of an algorithm to estimate a posterior probability distribution, which represents the updated state of evidence for all unknowns given all data a...
Source: Medical Decision Making - January 14, 2015 Category: Health Management Authors: Jackson, C. H., Jit, M., Sharples, L. D., De Angelis, D. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
The Need for Transparency and Efficiency in Reimbursement Decisions Relating to Drugs for Rare Diseases
(Source: Medical Decision Making)
Source: Medical Decision Making - January 14, 2015 Category: Health Management Authors: Coyle, D. A., Cheung, M. C., Evans, G. A. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research
Importance of Transparency in Assessing the Feasibility of Modeling Rare Disease
(Source: Medical Decision Making)
Source: Medical Decision Making - January 14, 2015 Category: Health Management Authors: Johnson, S. J., Davis, M. R., Wang, S.-T. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research
