Adults with poor reading skills, older adults, and college students: The meanings they understand during reading using a diffusion model analysis
Publication date: October 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 102Author(s): Gail McKoon, Roger RatcliffAbstractWhen a word is read in a text, the aspects of its meanings that are encoded should be those relevant to the text and not those that are irrelevant. We tested whether older adults, college students, and adults with poor literacy skills accomplish contextually relevant encoding. Participants read short stories, which were followed by true/false test sentences. Among these were sentences that matched the relevant meaning of a word in a story and sentences that matched a different meaning. We measured t...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - July 11, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Patterns of forgetting
In this study, memory for a list of words and narrative texts was assessed up to 12 weeks after initial learning. We observed that memory for the word list showed some forgetting early on, followed by an abrupt loss after about seven days. Moreover, for the narrative text, surface form memories were forgotten to around chance level after about an hour, whereas textbase level memories were retained until about seven days when memory suddenly dropped to around chance levels, much like the word list memories. In contrast to this, memory at the event model level remained high throughout, although there was some forgetting ov...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - July 11, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Comparing the confidence calculation rules for forced-choice recognition memory: A winner-takes-all rule wins
Publication date: October 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 102Author(s): Kiyofumi Miyoshi, Ayumi Kuwahara, Jun KawaguchiAbstractUsing a new signal-detection-theory-based approach, Experiments 1 and 2 of this study were found to reveal that the internal confidence for two-alternative forced-choice (2-AFC) recognition memory is calculated in a winner-takes-all manner. The signal strength for one of a pair of stimuli exclusively determines confidence and the other piece of useful information is discarded. Similar winner-takes-all confidence calculation has been reported in different kinds of visual perceptio...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - July 11, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Individual differences in syntactic processing: Is there evidence for reader-text interactions?
Publication date: October 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 102Author(s): Ariel N. James, Scott H. Fraundorf, Eun-Kyung Lee, Duane G. WatsonAbstractThere remains little consensus about whether there exist meaningful individual differences in syntactic processing and, if so, what explains them. We argue that this partially reflects the fact that few psycholinguistic studies of individual differences include multiple constructs, multiple measures per construct, or tests for reliable measures. Here, we replicated three major syntactic phenomena in the psycholinguistic literature: use of verb distributional st...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - July 11, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Mitigating the adverse effects of response deadline on recognition memory: Differential effects of semantic memory support on item and associative memory
Publication date: October 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 102Author(s): Praggyan (Pam) Mohanty, Moshe Naveh-BenjaminAbstractPrior research indicates that the effects of response deadline on episodic memory retrieval may be selective. Accordingly, this paper examines whether response deadline causes differential impairments in item and associative memory. Further, it investigates and contrasts the role of two types of semantic memory support– item memory support (in the form of meaningfulness of items, Experiment 1) and associative memory support (in the form of relatedness between items, Experiment 2),...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - July 11, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: August 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 101Author(s): (Source: Journal of Memory and Language)
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - July 5, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Remind me of the context: Memory and metacognition at restudy
Publication date: August 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 101Author(s): Katarzyna Zawadzka, Nicola Simkiss, Maciej HanczakowskiAbstractMastering study materials often requires repeated learning. However, the strategy of restudying the same materials has been criticized for not giving sufficient opportunity for retrieval in the form of self-assessments that are known to benefit not only learning but also metacognitive monitoring of the learning process. Here we focus on the contribution of spontaneous retrieval in the form of reminding to repeated learning that does not require explicit self-assessments. B...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - July 5, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Working memory capacity mediates the relationship between removal and fluid intelligence
Publication date: August 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 101Author(s): Krishneil A. Singh, Gilles E. Gignac, Christopher R. Brydges, Ullrich K.H. EckerAbstractA process of active, item-wise removal of information from working memory (WM) has been proposed as the core component process of WM updating. Consequently, we investigated the associations between removal efficiency, WM capacity, and fluid intelligence (gF) in a series of three individual-differences studies via confirmatory factor analysis. In each study, participants completed a novel WM updating task battery designed to measure removal efficien...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - July 5, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Ordering adjectives in referential communication
Publication date: August 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 101Author(s): Kumiko FukumuraAbstractWe contrasted two hypotheses concerning how speakers determine adjective order during referential communication. The discriminatory efficiency hypotheses claims that speakers place the most discriminating adjective early to facilitate referent identification. By contrast, the availability-based ordering hypothesis assumes that speakers produce most available adjectives early to ease production. Experiment 1 showed that speakers use more pattern-before-color modifier orders (than the reversed) when pattern, not c...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - July 5, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Forms and features: The role of syncretism in number agreement attraction
Publication date: August 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 101Author(s): Natalia SlioussarAbstractMany experiments have studied attraction errors in number agreement (e.g. ‘The key to the cabinets were rusty’). It has been noted that singular heads with plural dependents (attractors) trigger larger attraction effects than plural heads with singular attractors, and that in languages with morphological case, morphologically ambiguous attractors trigger larger effects (accusative plural forms coinciding with nominative plural were compared to unambiguous case forms). In Russian, the nominative plural form...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - July 5, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
The non-strategic nature of linguistic long-term memory effects in verbal short-term memory
This study provides novel evidence for linguistic accounts of vSTM by demonstrating a robust impact of lexical and surface-level semantic knowledge on vSTM in non-strategic, fast-encoding conditions. (Source: Journal of Memory and Language)
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - July 5, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Limitations of translation activation in masked priming: Behavioural evidence from Chinese-English bilinguals and computational modelling
Publication date: August 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 101Author(s): Yun Wen, Walter J.B. van HeuvenAbstractElectrophysiological and behavioural evidence suggests that Chinese translations of English words are automatically activated when Chinese-English bilinguals read English words (e.g., Thierry & Wu, 2007; Wu & Thierry, 2010; Zhang, van Heuven, & Conklin, 2011). The present study investigated the impact of translation activation in three behavioural experiments with in total 118 Chinese-English bilinguals. First, we investigated whether Chinese phonology was the source of the effects of Chinese cha...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - July 5, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Cataphoric pronoun resolution in native and non-native sentence comprehension
We report the results from a series of eye-movement monitoring and questionnaire experiments investigating cataphoric pronoun resolution in German. Given earlier findings suggesting that the application of structure-sensitive constraints on reference resolution may be delayed in non-native language processing, we tested both native and proficient non-native speakers of German. Our results show that cataphoric pronouns trigger an active search in both native and non-native comprehenders. Whilst both participant groups demonstrated awareness of Condition C in an offline task, we found Condition C effects to be restricted to ...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - July 5, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Influences of context load and sensibleness of background photographs on local environmental context-dependent recognition
Publication date: August 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 101Author(s): Takeo Isarida, Toshiko K. Isarida, Takayuki Kubota, Miyoko Higuma, Yuki MatsudaAbstractThe present study explored which theory can best explain local environmental context-dependent recognition. One type of theory (encoding specificity principle) posits that recognition reflects remembering of the past episode, whereas the other theory (ICE: Item Context Ensemble) posits that recognition reflects familiarity-based judgements. In three experiments, a total of 120 undergraduates intentionally studied a list of unrelated words superimpos...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - July 5, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
The nature and consequences of false memories for visual stimuli
Publication date: August 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 101Author(s): Jianqin Wang, Henry Otgaar, Mark L. Howe, Felix Lippe, Tom SmeetsAbstractDifferent theoretical views exist regarding whether false memories contain perceptual information or are merely conceptual in nature. To address this question, we conducted three experiments to examine whether false memories for pictures had a priming effect on a perceptual closure task. In Experiment 1, participants were presented with pictorial versions of Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) lists and received a recognition task. Finally, in the perceptual closure t...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - July 5, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
