Metacognitive expectancy effects in source monitoring: Beliefs, in-the-moment experiences, or both?
Publication date: August 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 107Author(s): Marie Luisa Schaper, Beatrice G. Kuhlmann, Ute J. BayenAbstractJudgments of Learning (JOLs) may result from a priori beliefs and in-the-moment experiences (cue-utilization approach, Koriat, 1997). The authors investigated the interplay and relative importance of beliefs and experiences, and their impact on JOLs and Judgments of Source (JOS). In a source-monitoring task with expected and unexpected source–item pairs (e.g., kitchen–oven vs. bathroom–refrigerator), metamemory judgments were higher for expected than unexpected pairs...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - May 8, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Rebels without a clause: Processing reflexives in fronted wh-predicates
Publication date: August 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 107Author(s): Akira Omaki, Zoe Ovans, Anthony Yacovone, Brian DillonAbstractEnglish reflexives like herself tend to associate with a structurally prominent local antecedent in online processing. However, past work has primarily investigated reflexives in canonical direct object positions. The present study investigates cataphoric reflexives in fronted wh-predicates (e.g., The mechanic that James hired predicted how annoyed with himself the insurance agent would be). Here, the reflexive is encountered in advance of its grammatical antecedent. We ask...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - April 25, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
How attributes and cues made accessible through monitoring affect self-regulated learning in older and younger adults
Publication date: August 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 107Author(s): Renée DeCaro, Ayanna K. ThomasAbstractResearch suggests that cues available at the time of monitoring affect metamemorial control. We investigated how self-regulated learning (i.e., restudy choice) varied as a function of retrieval success and access to target-related partial information in the context of a metamemorial monitoring decision. Young and older adults studied unrelated cue–target pairs and made trial-by-trial monitoring judgments during an initial testing phase. Participants chose a subset of cue–target pairs for rest...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - April 23, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
The effects of arousal and attention on emotional false memory formation
Publication date: August 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 107Author(s): Maria V. Hellenthal, Lauren M. Knott, Mark L. Howe, Samantha Wilkinson, Datin ShahAbstractPrevious research has shown that with reduced attention at encoding, false recognition of critical lures for negative arousing DRM lists were higher than positive arousing lists. The current study extends this research to examine the role of attention for both arousing and non-arousing valenced false memory formation. Further, due to contradictory findings in past research, we examined attention at encoding using both within- (Experiment 1) and b...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - April 14, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Language control and lexical access in diglossic speech production: Evidence from variety switching in speakers of Swiss German
Publication date: August 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 107Author(s): Constanze C. Vorwerg, Sumanghalyah Suntharam, Marie-Anne MorandAbstractDiglossic speakers of two varieties of a language switch between their language varieties as bilinguals do between their languages, instead of having the otherwise typical probabilistic distributions of variants across varieties. To investigate the mechanisms involved in diglossic language control and lexical access, we conducted two switching experiments, in which participants who were highly proficient in the two varieties, or languages, named pictures in Swiss G...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - April 12, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Value bias of verbal memory
Publication date: August 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 107Author(s): Sucheta Chakravarty, Esther Fujiwara, Christopher R. Madan, Sara E. Tomlinson, Isha Ober, Jeremy B. CaplanAbstractA common finding is that items associated with higher reward value are subsequently remembered better than items associated with lower value. A confounding factor is that when a higher value stimuli is presented, this typically signals to participants that it is now a particularly important time to engage in the task. When this was controlled, Madan, Fujiwara, Gerson, and Caplan (2012) still found a large value-bias of mem...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - April 5, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: June 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 106Author(s): (Source: Journal of Memory and Language)
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - March 31, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Distinctions between primary and secondary scalar implicatures
Publication date: June 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 106Author(s): Anouk Dieuleveut, Emmanuel Chemla, Benjamin SpectorAbstractAn utterance of Some of the students are home usually triggers the inference that it is not the case that the speaker believes that all students are home (Primary Scalar Implicature). It may also license a stronger inference: that the speaker believes that not all students are home (Secondary Scalar Implicature). Using an experimental paradigm which allows to distinguish between these three distinct readings as such (literal reading, primary SI, secondary SI), we show that the s...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - March 28, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Task-unrelated thoughts and forgetting in working memory
Publication date: June 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 106Author(s): Alexander SoemerAbstractThe present article reports four experiments that investigated the effects of task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs) on forgetting in non-verbal working memory. Participants had to remember three non-verbal stimuli over unfilled retention intervals (RIs) and then judge whether or not a subsequently presented probe stimulus matched one of the to-be-remembered stimuli. Participants additionally responded to randomly appearing probes that measured different aspects of their TUT engagement during the RI of the preceding tria...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - March 14, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Are the effects of divided attention on memory encoding processes due to the disruption of deep-level elaborative processes? Evidence from cued- and free-recall tasks
Publication date: June 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 106Author(s): Moshe Naveh-Benjamin, Matthew S. BrubakerAbstractWhereas numerous studies have indicated that divided attention (DA) at encoding significantly disrupts later memory for the studied information, the underlying mechanisms of this effect remain unclear. Following from our recent investigation (Naveh-Benjamin, Guez, Hara, Brubaker, & Lowenschuss-Erlich, 2014) that used an item recognition task, in the current study we further assess the degree to which deep-level semantically-elaborative processes are affected under DA. We compared the effe...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - March 14, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Reversal shift in phonotactic learning during language production: Evidence for incremental learning
Publication date: June 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 106Author(s): Nathaniel D. Anderson, Eric W. Holmes, Gary S. Dell, Erica L. MiddletonAbstractSpeakers implicitly learn novel phonotactic patterns while producing strings of syllables. The learning is revealed in their speech errors. For example, if /f/ is artificially restricted to the syllable onset position and /s/ is restricted to the coda position, speakers’ slips will respect these constraints, demonstrating learning. The mechanism behind this learning was investigated by reversal shift. In two experiments, speakers produced syllable sequences...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - March 14, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Distinguishing reality from fantasy in adults with autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from eye movements and reading
We examined how adults with and without ASD make sense of reality-violating fantasy narratives by testing real-time understanding of counterfactuals. Participants were eye-tracked as they read narratives that depicted novel counterfactual scenarios that violate reality (e.g. “If margarine contained detergent, Mum could use margarine in her washing/baking”, Experiment 1), or counterfactual versions of known fictional worlds (e.g. “If Harry Potter had lost all his magic powers, he would use his broom to sweep/fly”, Experiment 2). Results revealed anomaly detection effects in the early moments of processing (immediate...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - March 13, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Resource allocation in phonological working memory: Same or different principles from vision?
Publication date: Available online 11 March 2019Source: Journal of Memory and LanguageAuthor(s): Christopher R. Hepner, Nazbanou NozariAbstractThe nature of working memory resources—in particular, their quantization (discrete vs. continuous)—has been studied extensively in the visual domain, with evidence supporting models with flexibly and continuously divisible resources. It remains unclear, however, whether similar mechanisms mediate the division of resources in phonological working memory. In three experiments, we show that, despite representational differences between visual and auditory domains, the principles of...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - March 12, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Counting ‘uhm’s: How tracking the distribution of native and non-native disfluencies influences online language comprehension
Publication date: Available online 6 March 2019Source: Journal of Memory and LanguageAuthor(s): Hans Rutger Bosker, Marjolein van Os, Rik Does, Geertje van BergenAbstractDisfluencies, like uh, have been shown to help listeners anticipate reference to low-frequency words. The associative account of this ‘disfluency bias’ proposes that listeners learn to associate disfluency with low-frequency referents based on prior exposure to non-arbitrary disfluency distributions (i.e., greater probability of low-frequency words after disfluencies). However, there is limited evidence for listeners actually tracking disfluency distri...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - March 8, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
The immediate benefits and long-term consequences of briefly presented masked primes on episodic recollection
Publication date: June 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 106Author(s): Geoffrey B. Maddox, David A. Balota, Abhilasha A. Kumar, Peter R. Millar, Luke ChurchillAbstractWithin-trial priming paradigms have been widely used to measure lexical retrieval and familiarity-based processes in speeded pronunciation, perceptual identification, lexical decision, lexical retrieval, and episodic recognition tasks. Here, we introduce a novel within-trial priming paradigm to examine cued recall, which is considered a more recollection-based task. In each experiment, participants initially studied a list of paired-associate...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - March 5, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
