Modulation of the word frequency effect in recognition memory after an unrelated lexical decision task
Publication date: October 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 108Author(s): David A. Neville, Jeroen G.W. Raaijmakers, Leendert van MaanenAbstractThe natural language frequency of a word is known to influence the ability to perform recognition judgments based on either semantic or episodic memory, an effect commonly known as the word frequency effect (WFE). For episodic recognition specifically, the WFE presents a mirrored pattern with higher hit rates and lower false alarm rates for low frequency words compared to high frequency words. Interestingly, the use of certain study tasks such as judgements of conc...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - June 22, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
A matter of priorities: High working memory enables (slightly) superior value-directed remembering
Publication date: October 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 108Author(s): Michael L. Griffin, Aaron S. Benjamin, Lili Sahakyan, Sarah E. StanleyAbstractPeople with larger working memory capacity exhibit enhanced free recall. One explanation for this relationship is that the strategies that people bring to the task of learning and retrieving are superior in learners with high working memory. There is ample evidence that learners with high working memory do indeed bring better strategies to both encoding and retrieval, but as yet little evidence of whether higher working memory is related to greater effectiv...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - June 21, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Super-overdistribution
Publication date: October 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 108Author(s): C.J. Brainerd, K. Nakamura, M. Chang, D.M. BialerAbstractConjoint recognition studies have revealed that episodic memory is subadditive over mutually exclusive reality states (e.g., old vs. new), which is known as overdistribution. Because overdistribution violates the additive law of probability, it has stimulated the development of quantum memory models, which implement the distinction between verbatim and gist traces of experience. Recent versions of those models treat verbatim and gist memory as incompatible knowledge states that...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - June 14, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
The benefits of testing: Individual differences based on student factors
Publication date: October 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 108Author(s): Alison RobeyAbstractThe testing effect, the notion that retrieval practice, compared to restudying information, leads to greater and longer retention, is a robust finding in cognitive science. However, not all learners experience a benefit from retrieval practice. Many manipulations that influence the testing effect have been explored. However, there is still much to learn about potential individual differences. As the testing effect grows in popularity, it is essential to understanding how students’ individual differences and cogn...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - June 12, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Spatial narrative context modulates semantic (but not visual) competition during discourse processing
Publication date: October 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 108Author(s): Glenn P. Williams, Anuenue Kukona, Yuki KamideAbstractRecent research highlights the influence of (e.g., task) context on conceptual retrieval. To assess whether conceptual representations are context-dependent rather than static, we investigated the influence of spatial narrative context on accessibility for lexical-semantic information by exploring competition effects. In two visual world experiments, participants listened to narratives describing semantically related (piano-trumpet; Experiment 1) or visually similar (bat-cigarette...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - June 12, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Polarity and attitude effects in the continued-influence paradigm
Publication date: October 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 108Author(s): Andrew Gordon, Ullrich K.H. Ecker, Stephan LewandowskyAbstractMisinformation – information that is false or inaccurate – can continue to influence people’s memory and reasoning even after it has been corrected. Researchers have termed this the continued influence effect (CIE). However, to date, research has focused exclusively on examining the CIE in a single polarity, namely the ongoing effect of initially affirmed material that is later negated. No research has yet examined how reliance on outdated information may be affected...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - June 7, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
A computational model of reading across development: Effects of literacy onset on language processing
We examined the extent to which this interaction during development could be observed in language processing. We focused on age of acquisition (AoA) effects in reading, where early-learned words tend to be processed more quickly and accurately relative to later-learned words. We implemented a computational model including representations of print, sound and meaning of words, with training based on children’s gradual exposure to language. The model produced AoA effects in reading and lexical decision, replicating the larger effects of AoA when semantic representations are involved. Further, the model predicted that AoA wo...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - June 2, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: August 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 107Author(s): (Source: Journal of Memory and Language)
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - May 30, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Individual differences in subphonemic sensitivity and phonological skills
Publication date: August 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 107Author(s): Monica Y.C. Li, David Braze, Anuenue Kukona, Clinton L. Johns, Whitney Tabor, Julie A. Van Dyke, W. Einar Mencl, Donald P. Shankweiler, Kenneth R. Pugh, James S. MagnusonAbstractMany studies have established a link between phonological abilities (indexed by phonological awareness and phonological memory tasks) and typical and atypical reading development. Individuals who perform poorly on phonological assessments have been mostly assumed to have underspecified (or “fuzzy”) phonological representations, with typical phonemic catego...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - May 23, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Syntactic entrainment: The repetition of syntactic structures in event descriptions
Publication date: August 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 107Author(s): Nicholas Gruberg, Rachel Ostrand, Shota Momma, Victor S. FerreiraAbstractSyntactic structures can convey certain (subtle) emergent properties of events. For example, the double-object dative (“the doctor is giving a patient pills”) can convey the successful transfer of possession, whereas its syntactic alternative, the prepositional dative (“the doctor is giving pills to a patient”), conveys just a transfer to a location. Four experiments explore how syntactic structures may become associated with particular semantic content ...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - May 23, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Language-general and language-specific phenomena in the acquisition of inflectional noun morphology: A cross-linguistic elicited-production study of Polish, Finnish and Estonian
Publication date: August 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 107Author(s): Sonia Granlund, Joanna Kolak, Virve Vihman, Felix Engelmann, Elena V.M. Lieven, Julian M. Pine, Anna L. Theakston, Ben AmbridgeAbstractThe aim of this large-scale, preregistered, cross-linguistic study was to mediate between theories of the acquisition of inflectional morphology, which lie along a continuum from rule-based to analogy-based. Across three morphologically rich languages (Polish, Finnish and Estonian), 120 children (mean age 48.32 months, SD = 7.0 months) completed an experimental, elicited-production study of noun ...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - May 22, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
I don’t remember vs. I don’t know: Phenomenological states associated with retrieval failures
Publication date: August 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 107Author(s): Jennifer H. Coane, Sharda UmanathAbstractWhen retrieval fails, what is the phenomenology of that experience? We explored different states of experience associated with retrieval failures that vary in intensity. Specifically, we examined the difference between not knowing and not remembering and the ways in which these states are described. Naïve and expert participants defined “I don’t know” (DK) and “I don’t remember” (DR). DR was associated with lack of accessibility and forgetting, whereas DK was associated with never ...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - May 19, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Seeing events vs. entities: The processing advantage of Pseudo Relatives over Relative Clauses
We present the results of three offline questionnaires (one attachment preference study and two acceptability judgments) and two eye-tracking studies in French and English, investigating the resolution of the ambiguity between pseudo relative and relative clause interpretations. This structural and interpretive ambiguity has recently been shown to play a central role in the explanation of apparent cross-linguistic asymmetries in relative clause attachment (Grillo and Costa, 2014; Grillo et al., 2015). This literature has argued that pseudo relatives are preferred to relative clauses because of their structural and interpre...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - May 14, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Voices in the mental lexicon: Words carry indexical information that can affect access to their meaning
Publication date: August 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 107Author(s): Efthymia C. Kapnoula, Arthur G. SamuelAbstractThe speech signal carries both linguistic and non-linguistic information (e.g., a talker’s voice qualities; referred to as indexical information). There is evidence that indexical information can affect some aspects of spoken word recognition, but we still do not know whether and how it can affect access to a word’s meaning. A few studies support a dual-route model, in which inferences about the talker can guide access to meaning via a route external to the mental lexicon. It remains u...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - May 13, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
The role of prior knowledge in incremental associative learning: An empirical and computational approach
Publication date: August 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 107Author(s): Oded Bein, Maayan Trzewik, Anat MarilAbstractOur experiences are encoded in relation to existing knowledge, and learning of new information is influenced by what has already been learned. Although learning is often an incremental process spanning multiple repetitions, the influences of prior knowledge have thus far been investigated primarily in one-trial learning. Incremental learning studies have generally not taken prior knowledge influences into consideration. Aiming to fill this gap, we examined the contribution of prior knowledg...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - May 8, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
