Forget me not: Encoding processes in value-directed remembering
Publication date: June 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 106Author(s): Joseph P. Hennessee, Tara K. Patterson, Alan D. Castel, Barbara J. KnowltonAbstractValuable items are often remembered better than less valuable items, but research on the mechanisms supporting this value effect is limited. In the current study, we sought to determine how items might be differentially encoded based on their value. In Experiment 1, participants studied words associated with point-values which were followed by a cue to either “Remember” the word for a later test or “Forget” the word. While to-be-forgotten words we...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - March 4, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
It depends: Optionality in the production of filler-gap dependencies
This study investigates the language production mechanisms underlying the creation of filler-gap dependencies (e.g., relative clauses: This is the boy that the girl from Norway saw_ yesterday), which require speakers to establish an argument-predicate relationship between a phrase, the ‘filler’, (the boy) and a further embedded predicate (saw). We show that filler-gap dependency production involves the retention of a representation of the filler until the relevant embedded position. We then report three elicitation experiments examining how English and Hebrew speakers manage and moderate filler retention demands via pr...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - March 4, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
List-method directed forgetting after prolonged retention interval: Further challenges to contemporary accounts
Publication date: June 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 106Author(s): Magdalena Abel, Karl-Heinz T. BäumlAbstractNumerous studies on list-method directed forgetting (LMDF) have shown that people can voluntarily forget information when cued to do so. But the cognitive mechanism(s) behind this form of forgetting are still subject to debate. The present study focused on two explanations of LMDF: selective rehearsal and mental context change. Experiment 1 addressed the context-change account by comparing the persistence of LMDF with that of context-dependent forgetting. Results showed that LMDF, but not cont...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - February 20, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Corrigendum to ‘Working memory training involves learning new skills’. [J. Memory Language 105 (2019) 19–42]
Publication date: Available online 18 February 2019Source: Journal of Memory and LanguageAuthor(s): Susan E. Gathercole, Darren L. Dunning, Joni Holmes, Dennis Norris (Source: Journal of Memory and Language)
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - February 18, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: April 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 105Author(s): (Source: Journal of Memory and Language)
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - February 2, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Implicit versus explicit mechanisms of vocabulary learning and consolidation
Publication date: June 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 106Author(s): Justyna M. Sobczak, M. Gareth GaskellAbstractPrevious research has suggested that integration of novel words into lexical competition benefits from a consolidation delay containing a period of sleep (Dumay & Gaskell, 2007). However, a recent study argued that learning novel words via a relatively implicit Hebb repetition task leads to later lexical integration independently of sleep (Szmalec, Page, & Duyck, 2012). It is not clear whether this different time course of lexical integration is a consequence of the learning method chosen, as...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - January 25, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Why is free recall practice more effective than recognition practice for enhancing memory? Evaluating the relational processing hypothesis
Publication date: April 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 105Author(s): Katherine A. Rawson, Amanda ZamaryAbstractWhy are testing effects on memory stronger when practice tests involve free recall versus recognition? Three experiments tested the hypothesis that relational processing is evoked to a greater extent during free recall practice than during recognition practice. Students studied a list of words from taxonomic categories and then either restudied the word list several times or alternated between practice testing (either free recall or recognition) and restudy. Two days later, all groups completed...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - January 24, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Mapping non-native pitch contours to meaning: Perceptual and experiential factors
Publication date: April 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 105Author(s): Jessica F. Hay, Ryan A. Cannistraci, Qian ZhaoAbstractInfants show interesting patterns of flexibility and constraint early in word learning. Here, we explore perceptual and experiential factors that drive associative learning of labels that differ in pitch contour. Contrary to the salience hypothesis proposed in Experiment 1, English-learning 14-month-olds failed to map acoustically distinctive level and dipping labels to novel referents, even though they discriminated the labels when no potential referents were present. Conversely, i...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - January 16, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Distance-dependent memory for pictures and words
Publication date: April 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 105Author(s): Elinor Amit, SoYon Rim, Georg Halbeisen, Uriel Cohen Priva, Elena Stephan, Yaacov TropeAbstractThree experiments explored the effect of medium of presentation (pictures, words) and psychological distance (proximal, distal) on episodic memory. In particular, we predicted that memory would be better for congruent combinations of medium and distance (i.e., pictures of psychologically proximal entities and verbal labels of psychologically distal entities) than incongruent combinations (i.e., pictures of psychologically distal entities and ...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - January 12, 2019 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Metaphor comprehension: An individual-differences approach
Publication date: April 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 105Author(s): Dušan Stamenković, Nicholas Ichien, Keith J. HolyoakAbstractThe nature of the mental processes involved in metaphor comprehension has been the focus of debate, with controversy focusing on the relative role of general analogical reasoning versus language-specific conceptual combination. In the present set of studies, we take an individual-differences approach to examine the comprehension of a variety of metaphors, some taken from literary sources, using several types of comprehension tests. In a series of metaphor-comprehension studi...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - December 29, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Scales and scalarity: Processing scalar inferences
Publication date: April 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 105Author(s): Bob van Tiel, Elizabeth Pankratz, Chao SunAbstractThe scalar word ‘some’ may be interpreted with an upper bound, i.e., as excluding ‘all’. Several studies have found that the computation of this scalar inference may be associated with a processing cost (e.g., Bott & Noveck, 2004; De Neys & Schaeken, 2007), which seems to argue in favour of theories according to which pragmatic inferencing is cognitively demanding (e.g., Sperber & Wilson, 1986). This argument holds on the premise that findings for ‘some’ can be generalised a...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - December 15, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
On the encapsulation of bilingual language control
Publication date: April 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 105Author(s): Kenneth R. Paap, Regina Anders-Jefferson, Roman Mikulinsky, Shigeaki Masuda, Lauren MasonAbstractOne purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that prevalent patterns of bilingual language control lead to greater enhancement of the ability to resolve Stimulus-Stimulus conflict compared to Stimulus-Response conflict. To that end 104 bilinguals and 62 monolinguals completed four commonly used nonverbal interference tasks with varied S-S and S-R incompatibilities. No bilingual advantages were observed in any of the tasks. A second ...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - December 11, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Subjecthood and linear order in linguistic encoding: Evidence from the real-time production of wh-questions in English and Mandarin Chinese
Publication date: April 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 105Author(s): Monica L. Do, Elsi KaiserAbstractWe use visual world eye-tracking to provide a first look into the real-time production of an under-researched but communicatively crucial construction – wh-questions. We investigate whether the transition from abstract message to highly-structured utterances (linguistic encoding) is driven by linear order (positional processing) or subjecthood assignment (functional processing). Experiment 1 decouples positional and functional processes by comparing production of English declaratives versus object wh-...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - December 8, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Temporal aspects of self-monitoring for speech errors
We report two four-word tongue twister experiments eliciting consonantal errors and their repairs, in word initial and medial positions, testing some predictions relating to temporal aspects of self-monitoring. Main findings: (1) After internal error detection interrupting the speaking process takes more time than speech initiation of the error form. This implies that “covert repairs” are rare. (2) Word onset-to-cutoff times are longer for medial than for initial errors. This implies that scanning internal word forms for errors takes time. (3) Cutoff-to-repair times of 0 ms are overrepresented. This shows that often ...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - December 5, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Working memory training involves learning new skills
We present a new framework characterizing training-induced changes in WM as the acquisition of novel cognitive routines akin to learning a new skill. Predictions were tested in three studies analyzing the transfer between WM tasks following WM training. Study 1 reports a meta-analysis establishing substantial transfer when trained and untrained tasks shared either a serial recall, complex span or backward span paradigm. Transfer was weaker for serial recall of verbal than visuo-spatial material, suggesting that this paradigm is served by an existing verbal STM system and does not require a new routine. Re-analysis of publi...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - December 2, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
