Where does the congruity effect come from in memorial comparative judgments? A serial-position-based distinctiveness account
Publication date: December 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 103Author(s): Jerwen Jou, Eric E. Escamilla, Andy U. Torres, Alejandro Ortiz, Paola SalazarAbstractA congruity effect (CE) refers to choosing the larger of two large things (smaller of two small things) faster than vice versa. The source of the CE in comparative judgments has been debated for decades without a definitive answer. Major extant models, e.g., the semantic-coding, the expectancy, and the evidence accrual models attribute the effect to matching or mismatching between the instruction (“choose larger” or “choose smaller”) and the...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - August 29, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Semantic diversity, frequency and the development of lexical quality in children’s word reading
Publication date: December 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 103Author(s): Yaling Hsiao, Kate NationAbstractFrequency exerts a powerful influence on lexical processing but it is possible that at least part of its effect is caused by high frequency words being experienced in more diverse contexts over an individual’s language experience. To capture this variability, we applied Latent Semantic Analysis on a 35-million-word corpus of texts written for children, deriving a measure of semantic diversity that quantifies the similarity of all the contexts a word appears in. Across three experiments with 6–13-...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - August 25, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
The list strength effect in source memory: Data and a global matching model
Publication date: December 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 103Author(s): Adam F. Osth, Julian Fox, Meredith McKague, Andrew Heathcote, Simon DennisAbstractA critical constraint on models of item recognition comes from the list strength paradigm, in which a proportion of items are strengthened to observe the effect on the non-strengthened items. In item recognition, it has been widely established that increasing list strength does not impair performance, in that performance of a set of items is unaffected by the strength of the other items on the list. However, to date the effects of list strength manipul...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - August 18, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
How does foveal processing difficulty affect parafoveal processing during reading?
Publication date: December 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 103Author(s): Aaron Veldre, Sally AndrewsAbstractModels of eye movement control during reading assume that the difficulty of processing word n in a sentence modulates the depth of processing of the upcoming word/s (word n + 1) in the parafovea. This foveal load hypothesis is widely accepted in the literature despite surprisingly few clear replications of the basic effect. We sought to establish whether observing a foveal load effect depends on the type of parafoveal preview used in the boundary paradigm. Participants’ eye movements were rec...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - August 8, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Listener sensitivity to probabilistic conditioning of sociolinguistic variables: The case of (ING)
Publication date: December 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 103Author(s): Charlotte Vaughn, Tyler KendallAbstractThis paper investigates the extent to which listeners are cued into the systematicity of variability in speech, particularly the grammatical conditioning constraints of the English sociolinguistic variable (ING) (e.g., talking vs. talkin). Listeners’ sensitivity to the realization of (ING) words embedded in sentences was tested under various conditions. Comprehenders demonstrated expectations about the grammatical category constraints conditioning the realization of (ING) even though such kno...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - August 6, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Are encoding/retrieval interactions in recall driven by remembering, knowing, or both?
Publication date: December 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 103Author(s): Oyku Uner, Henry L. RoedigerAbstractReinstating encoding conditions at retrieval typically enhances recall and recognition, but are encoding/retrieval interactions driven by remembering, knowing, or both? To address this question, we used the remember/know paradigm in two cued recall experiments that varied the match between encoding and retrieval conditions. Participants studied words with associate or rhyme cues and were tested with associate or rhyme cues, resulting in two match and two mismatch conditions. In both experiments, r...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - July 20, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Voluntary language switching: When and why do bilinguals switch between their languages?
This study examined when and why bilinguals switch voluntarily. Spanish-Basque bilinguals frequently switched between their languages and their language choice was related to the ease of lexical access. Words that were slow to be accessed in Basque were more often named in Spanish and vice versa. In terms of response times, switching costs were observed not only in the cued but also in the voluntary task. However, while cued switching showed a mixing cost (reflecting the cost associated with using two languages rather than one), a mixing benefit was observed for the voluntary task. This suggests that voluntarily using two ...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - July 19, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Testing enhances memory for context
Publication date: December 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 103Author(s): Melisa Akan, Sarah E. Stanley, Aaron S. BenjaminAbstractThe beneficial effect of retrieval practice on memory is a well-established phenomenon. Despite the wealth of research on this testing effect, it is unclear whether the benefits of testing extend beyond the tested information to include memory for the context in which the memoranda were encountered. Three experiments examined the effect of testing on memory for context using a standard variant of a traditional item-context memory task, in which cue-target word pairs (the items)...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - July 18, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: October 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 102Author(s): (Source: Journal of Memory and Language)
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - July 14, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Variable agreement with coordinate subjects is not a form of agreement attraction
Publication date: December 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 103Author(s): Lap-Ching Keung, Adrian StaubAbstractAgreement attraction (e.g., ∗The key to the cabinets are rusty) is not attributable to the linear proximity between the local noun and verb (Franck, Vigliocco, & Nicol, 2002). However, agreement with a disjoined subject (e.g., The horses or the clock is red) is specifically sensitive to the number of the nearer noun (Haskell & MacDonald, 2005). The present study highlights other differences between the influence on agreement of a local noun in the classic attraction configuration and the nearer...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - July 12, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: August 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 101Author(s): (Source: Journal of Memory and Language)
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - July 11, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Remind me of the context: Memory and metacognition at restudy
Publication date: August 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 101Author(s): Katarzyna Zawadzka, Nicola Simkiss, Maciej HanczakowskiAbstractMastering study materials often requires repeated learning. However, the strategy of restudying the same materials has been criticized for not giving sufficient opportunity for retrieval in the form of self-assessments that are known to benefit not only learning but also metacognitive monitoring of the learning process. Here we focus on the contribution of spontaneous retrieval in the form of reminding to repeated learning that does not require explicit self-assessments. B...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - July 11, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Working memory capacity mediates the relationship between removal and fluid intelligence
Publication date: August 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 101Author(s): Krishneil A. Singh, Gilles E. Gignac, Christopher R. Brydges, Ullrich K.H. EckerAbstractA process of active, item-wise removal of information from working memory (WM) has been proposed as the core component process of WM updating. Consequently, we investigated the associations between removal efficiency, WM capacity, and fluid intelligence (gF) in a series of three individual-differences studies via confirmatory factor analysis. In each study, participants completed a novel WM updating task battery designed to measure removal efficien...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - July 11, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Ordering adjectives in referential communication
Publication date: August 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 101Author(s): Kumiko FukumuraAbstractWe contrasted two hypotheses concerning how speakers determine adjective order during referential communication. The discriminatory efficiency hypotheses claims that speakers place the most discriminating adjective early to facilitate referent identification. By contrast, the availability-based ordering hypothesis assumes that speakers produce most available adjectives early to ease production. Experiment 1 showed that speakers use more pattern-before-color modifier orders (than the reversed) when pattern, not c...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - July 11, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
Forms and features: The role of syncretism in number agreement attraction
Publication date: August 2018Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 101Author(s): Natalia SlioussarAbstractMany experiments have studied attraction errors in number agreement (e.g. ‘The key to the cabinets were rusty’). It has been noted that singular heads with plural dependents (attractors) trigger larger attraction effects than plural heads with singular attractors, and that in languages with morphological case, morphologically ambiguous attractors trigger larger effects (accusative plural forms coinciding with nominative plural were compared to unambiguous case forms). In Russian, the nominative plural form...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - July 11, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research
