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Stress Testing of an Artificial Pancreas System With Pizza and Exercise Leads to Improvements in the System's Fuzzy Logic Controller
Conclusion: Stress testing the AP system revealed deficits in the FLC performance, which led to adjustments to the dosing matrix followed by improved FLC performance when retested. (Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology)
Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology - October 30, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Mauseth, R., Lord, S. M., Hirsch, I. B., Kircher, R. C., Matheson, D. P., Greenbaum, C. J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Intrinsic Frequency and the Single Wave Biopsy: Implications for Insulin Resistance
Insulin resistance is the hallmark of classical type II diabetes. In addition, insulin resistance plays a central role in metabolic syndrome, which astonishingly affects 1 out of 3 adults in North America. The insulin resistance state can precede the manifestation of diabetes and hypertension by years. Insulin resistance is correlated with a low-grade inflammatory condition, thought to be induced by obesity as well as other conditions. Currently, the methods to measure and monitor insulin resistance, such as the homeostatic model assessment and the euglycemic insulin clamp, can be impractical, expensive, and invasive. Abun...
Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology - October 30, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Petrasek, D., Pahlevan, N. M., Tavallali, P., Rinderknecht, D. G., Gharib, M. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Early Detection of Physical Activity for People With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Conclusions: The novel method for exercise detection identified the onset and end of exercise in approximately 5 minutes, with an average BG change of only –6 mg/dL. (Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology)
Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology - October 30, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Dasanayake, I. S., Bevier, W. C., Castorino, K., Pinsker, J. E., Seborg, D. E., Doyle, F. J., Dassau, E. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Sensitivity of Traditional and Risk-Based Glycemic Variability Measures to the Effect of Glucose-Lowering Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Conclusions: During glucose-lowering therapy in T2DM, HBGI and LBGI offer insights into hyperglycemia and trends toward hypoglycemia, respectively; ADRR may be the optimal GV measure responsive to hypo- and hyperglycemic treatment effects. (Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology)
Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology - October 30, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kovatchev, B., Umpierrez, G., DiGenio, A., Zhou, R., Inzucchi, S. E. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Exercise and the Development of the Artificial Pancreas: One of the More Difficult Series of Hurdles
Regular physical activity (PA) promotes numerous health benefits for people living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, PA also complicates blood glucose control. Factors affecting blood glucose fluctuations during PA include activity type, intensity and duration as well as the amount of insulin and food in the body at the time of the activity. To maintain equilibrium with blood glucose concentrations during PA, the rate of glucose appearance (Ra) to disappearance (Rd) in the bloodstream must be balanced. In nondiabetics, there is a rise in glucagon and a reduction in insulin release at the onset of mild to moderate aerobi...
Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology - October 30, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Riddell, M. C., Zaharieva, D. P., Yavelberg, L., Cinar, A., Jamnik, V. K. Tags: Guest Editors: Ananda Basu, Yogish Kudva, Marc Breton, and Ali Cinar Source Type: research

Physical Activity Capture Technology With Potential for Incorporation Into Closed-Loop Control for Type 1 Diabetes
Physical activity is an important determinant of glucose variability in type 1 diabetes (T1D). It has been incorporated as a nonglucose input into closed-loop control (CLC) protocols for T1D during the last 4 years mainly by 3 research groups in single center based controlled clinical trials involving a maximum of 18 subjects in any 1 study. Although physical activity data capture may have clinical benefit in patients with T1D by impacting cardiovascular fitness and optimal body weight achievement and maintenance, limited number of such studies have been conducted to date. Clinical trial registries provide information abou...
Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology - October 30, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Dadlani, V., Levine, J. A., McCrady-Spitzer, S. K., Dassau, E., Kudva, Y. C. Tags: Guest Editors: Ananda Basu, Yogish Kudva, Marc Breton, and Ali Cinar Source Type: research

Classification of Physical Activity: Information to Artificial Pancreas Control Systems in Real Time
Physical activity has a wide range of effects on glucose concentrations in type 1 diabetes (T1D) depending on the type (ie, aerobic, anaerobic, mixed) and duration of activity performed. This variability in glucose responses to physical activity makes the development of artificial pancreas (AP) systems challenging. Automatic detection of exercise type and intensity, and its classification as aerobic or anaerobic would provide valuable information to AP control algorithms. This can be achieved by using a multivariable AP approach where biometric variables are measured and reported to the AP at high frequency. We developed a...
Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology - October 30, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Turksoy, K., Paulino, T. M. L., Zaharieva, D. P., Yavelberg, L., Jamnik, V., Riddell, M. C., Cinar, A. Tags: Guest Editors: Ananda Basu, Yogish Kudva, Marc Breton, and Ali Cinar Source Type: research

Fluctuations of Hyperglycemia and Insulin Sensitivity Are Linked to Menstrual Cycle Phases in Women With T1D
Conclusions: Women with T1D have glycemic variability changes that are specific to the individual and are linked to phase of cycle. An increased risk of hyperglycemia was observed during periovulation and early luteal phases compared to the early follicular phase; these changes appear to be associated with decreased insulin sensitivity during the luteal phase. (Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology)
Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology - October 30, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Brown, S. A., Jiang, B., McElwee-Malloy, M., Wakeman, C., Breton, M. D. Tags: Guest Editors: Ananda Basu, Yogish Kudva, Marc Breton, and Ali Cinar Source Type: research

Identification of Main Factors Explaining Glucose Dynamics During and Immediately After Moderate Exercise in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Conclusions: The main factors explaining glucose dynamics in the presence of mild-to-moderate exercise in T1D have been identified. The clinical parameters are formally quantified using real data collected during clinical trials. The multiple linear regression model used to predict blood glucose during exercise can be applied in closed-loop control algorithms developed for artificial pancreas. (Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology)
Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology - October 30, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ben Brahim, N., Place, J., Renard, E., Breton, M. D. Tags: Guest Editors: Ananda Basu, Yogish Kudva, Marc Breton, and Ali Cinar Source Type: research

Incorporating an Exercise Detection, Grading, and Hormone Dosing Algorithm Into the Artificial Pancreas Using Accelerometry and Heart Rate
In this article, we present several important contributions necessary for enabling an artificial endocrine pancreas (AP) system to better respond to exercise events. First, we show how exercise can be automatically detected using body-worn accelerometer and heart rate sensors. During a 22 hour overnight inpatient study, 13 subjects with type 1 diabetes wearing a Zephyr accelerometer and heart rate monitor underwent 45 minutes of mild aerobic treadmill exercise while controlling their glucose levels using sensor-augmented pump therapy. We used the accelerometer and heart rate as inputs into a validated regression model. Usi...
Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology - October 30, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Jacobs, P. G., Resalat, N., El Youssef, J., Reddy, R., Branigan, D., Preiser, N., Condon, J., Castle, J. Tags: Guest Editors: Ananda Basu, Yogish Kudva, Marc Breton, and Ali Cinar Source Type: research

Development of a Smartphone Application to Capture Carbohydrate, Lipid, and Protein Contents of Daily Food: Need for Integration in Artificial Pancreas for Patients With Type 1 Diabetes?
Conclusion: Our study shows CHO, LIP, and PRO intakes can be easily captured by an application on smartphone for meal entry used by T1D patients. Although LIP and PRO meal contents did not influence glucose levels when insulin doses were based on CHO in this pilot study, this application could be used for further investigation of this topic, including in closed-loop conditions. (Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology)
Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology - October 30, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Diouri, O., Place, J., Traverso, M., Georgescu, V., Picot, M.-C., Renard, E. Tags: Guest Editors: Ananda Basu, Yogish Kudva, Marc Breton, and Ali Cinar Source Type: research

What Do Your Fingernails Say About You? Can They Indicate That You Have Diabetes?
(Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology)
Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology - October 30, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Klonoff, D. C. Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Effect of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Accuracy on Clinicians Retrospective Decision Making in Diabetes: A Pilot Study
Conclusions: Results indicated that the accuracy of CGM algorithms might potentially affect the precision of the CGM-based insulin adjustments for type 1 diabetes patients. However, a larger study with several clinical centers, with higher number of clinicians and patients is required to validate the impact of CGM accuracy on decisions precision. (Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology)
Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology - September 1, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Mahmoudi, Z., Johansen, M. D., Norgaard, H. H., Andersen, S., Pedersen-Bjergaard, U., Tarnow, L., Christiansen, J. S., Hejlesen, O. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Safe and Effective Use of the Once Weekly Dulaglutide Single-Dose Pen in Injection-Naïve Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Conclusions: The dulaglutide single-dose pen was found to be a safe and effective device for use by patients with T2D who were injection-naïve. A positive injection experience is an important factor for patients and providers when initiating injectable therapy. (Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology)
Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology - September 1, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Matfin, G., Van Brunt, K., Zimmermann, A. G., Threlkeld, R., Ignaut, D. A. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Adiponectin in Diabetic Subjects Without Any Micro- or Macrovascular Complications: A Review
(Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology)
Source: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology - September 1, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Nayak, S., Bhaktha, G., Mohammed, S. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research