Neural functions of the aging brain: Daily living, developmental and geriatric disabilities
Publication date: January 2019Source: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Volume 95Author(s): TR. Raju, KP. MohanakumarAbstractNeuronal, microglial, astrocytic and oligodendrocytic functions of the brain are significantly affected during normal aging, and more so if inflicted with neurological diseases. Aging is a consistent risk factor for many neurodegenerative diseases that are sporadic in nature, whereas developmental neurological disabilities stem from errors in brain development. The neuronal functions are affected in both developmental disabilities and geriatric diseases. This special issue, is based on the two-days m...
Source: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy - January 10, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Automatic Stereology of Mean Nuclear Size of Neurons using an Active Contour Framework
Publication date: Available online 7 January 2019Source: Journal of Chemical NeuroanatomyAuthor(s): Hady Ahmady Phoulady, Dmitry Goldgof, Lawrence O. Hall, Kevin R. Nash, Peter R. MoutonAbstractThe use of unbiased stereology to quantify structural parameters such as mean cell and nuclear size (area and volume) can be useful for a wide variety of biological studies. Here we propose a novel segmentation framework using an Active Contour Model to automate the collection of stereology from stained cells and other objects in tissue sections. This approach is demonstrated for stained brain sections from young adult Fischer 344 r...
Source: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy - January 8, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Distinct regional patterns in noradrenergic innervation of the rat prefrontal cortex
Publication date: Available online 7 January 2019Source: Journal of Chemical NeuroanatomyAuthor(s): Juan-Carlos Cerpa, Alain R. Marchand, Etienne CoutureauAbstractThe anatomy and functions of the rodent prefrontal cortex (PFC) have been extensively studied. It is now clear that the PFC is at the core of various executive functions and that these functions depend on monoaminergic neuromodulation. The PFC receives extensive projections from monoaminergic nuclei and, in particular, from the locus cœruleus (LC) which is the major source of noradrenaline (NA) in the cortex. Projections of this nucleus have long been considered...
Source: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy - January 8, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Obvious anxiogenic-like effects of subchronic copper intoxication in rats, outcomes on spatial learning and memory and neuromodulatory potential of curcumin
Publication date: Available online 3 January 2019Source: Journal of Chemical NeuroanatomyAuthor(s): Abdellatif Abbaoui, Halima GamraniAbstractCopper (Cu) is a transition metal and an essential trace element, but excessive levels of Cu might disturb vital functions and systems including the Central Nervous System (CNS). Curcumin has numerous beneficial effects including protective potential on the CNS toxicity. Previous studies have revealed solid evidence showing metal elements implication in the physiopathology of psychiatric disorders, principally anxiety, as well as association between stressful conditions and the incep...
Source: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy - January 3, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Serotonergic dysfunction in a model of parkinsonism induced by reserpine
Publication date: Available online 28 December 2018Source: Journal of Chemical NeuroanatomyAuthor(s): Pollyana C. Leal, José Marcos M. Bispo, Rovena C.G.J. Engelberth, Kayo Diogenes de A. Silva, Ywlliane R. Meurer, Alessandra M. Ribeiro, Regina H. Silva, Murilo Marchioro, José R. SantosAbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is mainly characterized by a dopamine deficiency accompanied by structural and functional changes in striatal neuronal projections. However, studies have considered PD as a multi-systemic disease in which the neurodegenerative process extends beyond the dopaminergic system. Therefore, the purpose of the p...
Source: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy - December 29, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Automated Cell Counts on Tissue Sections by Deep Learning and Unbiased Stereology
Publication date: Available online 27 December 2018Source: Journal of Chemical NeuroanatomyAuthor(s): Saeed S. Alahmari, Dmitry Goldgof, Lawrence Hall, Hady Ahmady Phoulady, Raj H. Patel, Peter R. MoutonAbstractIn recent decades stereology-based studies have played a significant role in understanding brain aging and developing novel drug discovery strategies for treatment of neurological disease and mental illness. A major obstacle to further progress in a wide range of neuroscience sub-disciplines remains the lack of high-throughput technology for stereology analyses. Though founded on methodologically unbiased principles...
Source: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy - December 28, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A novel image segmentation method for the evaluation of inflammation-induced cortical and hippocampal white matter injury in neonatal mice
Publication date: Available online 23 December 2018Source: Journal of Chemical NeuroanatomyAuthor(s): Amin Mottahedin, Xiaoli Zhang, Aura Zelco, Maryam Ardalan, Jacqueline C.Y. Lai, Carina Mallard, Xiaoyang Wang, Hady Ahmady PhouladyAbstractThe developing brain is very susceptible to environmental insults, and very immature infants often suffer from long-term neurological syndromes associated with white matter injuries such as periventricular leukomalacia. Infection and inflammation are important risk factors for neonatal brain white matter injuries, but the evaluation of white matter injury in animal models, especially th...
Source: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy - December 24, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Osmotic stress induces corticosteroid-binding globulin expression in the rat hypothalamo-hypophyseal system
Publication date: Available online 21 December 2018Source: Journal of Chemical NeuroanatomyAuthor(s): Elena V. Sivukhina, Gustav F. JirikowskiAbstractCorticosteroid-binding globulin CBG is expressed in magnocellular hypothalamic nuclei, in part colocalized with vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT). Here we subjected intact adult male rats to chronic osmotic stress to determine effects on distribution of CBG in VP and OT neurons and in neurons expressing corticotropin- releasing hormone (CRH). Drinking 2% NaCl solution for seven days resulted in increased CBG-immunoreactivity in magnocellular neurons. Triple immunofluorescenc...
Source: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy - December 22, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neurotransmitters are released in brain areas according to ultradian rhythms: Coincidence with ultradian oscillations of EEG waves
Publication date: Available online 18 December 2018Source: Journal of Chemical NeuroanatomyAuthor(s): Philippu AthineosAbstractUse of the push-pull superfusing technique has shown that in the brain the release rates of endogenous catecholamines, GABA, glutamate and histamine are not constant but fluctuate temporally according to ultradian rhythms. Rhythmic fluctuations have been found in the posterior and anterior hypothalamus, the locus coeruleus, the nucleus of the solitary tract, the mammillary body and the medial amygdaloid nucleus of cats and rats. Similar fluctuations appear in the nitric oxide signal registered in t...
Source: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy - December 19, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Changes to the somatosensory barrel cortex in C57BL/6J mice at early adulthood (56 days post-natal) following prenatal alcohol exposure
This study reports on the consequence of prenatal exposure to alcohol on the somatosensory cortices of mice later in life. Two control groups, a sucrose and a non-treated control, were also examined. At postnatal day (PND) 56 the cerebral hemisphere of mice from each group were processed for cytochrome oxidase reactivity. In contrast to previous studies, there were no significant differences in the mean areas of: (I) the PMBSF enclosure, (II) the PMBSF barrels, (III) the individual PMBSF barrels and (IV) the septal portion of the PMBSF in the alcohol group compared to the controls. However barrel sizes in rows D and E in t...
Source: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy - December 17, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in brains of patients with multiple system atrophy and patients with Parkinson’s disease
Publication date: Available online 14 December 2018Source: Journal of Chemical NeuroanatomyAuthor(s): Oliver Kaut, Klaus Kuchelmeister, Christoph Moehl, Ullrich WüllnerAbstractMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is a sporadic neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology, characterized pathologically by α-synuclein aggregates preferentially found in oligodendroglial cells. DNA methylation has emerged as a mechanism of regulation of α-synuclein expression. Reduced 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) DNA methylation of α-synuclein has been found in the brains of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) me...
Source: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy - December 15, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Subchronic ketamine alters behaviour, metabolic indices and brain morphology in adolescent rats: involvement of oxidative stress, glutamate toxicity and caspase-3-mediated apoptosis
In conclusion, subchronic administration of ketamine to adolescent rats was associated with dose-related memory loss, oxidative stress and possibly caspase-3 mediated neurodegenerative changes. (Source: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy)
Source: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy - December 8, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Gene expression of AMPA, kainate, and NMDA receptor subunits in the pigeon spinal cord
This study examined the localization of postsynaptic neurons having three types of iGluRs in the pigeon spinal cord. Nine mRNAs of iGluR subunits – namely GluA1, GluA2, GluA3, and GluA4 for AMPA receptors; GluK1, GluK2, and GluK4 for kainate receptors; and GluN1 and GluN2A for N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors – were analyzed by in situ hybridization. All three types of iGluRs were found in gray matter, with GluK4 and GluN1 subunits strongly expressed in laminae I–IX. GluA1 and GluA2 subunits were expressed in glial cells of white matter. In general, AMPA receptors were more weakly expressed than kainate and NMDA...
Source: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy - December 8, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Fornix deep brain stimulation induces reduction of hippocampal synaptophysin levels
Publication date: Available online 5 December 2018Source: Journal of Chemical NeuroanatomyAuthor(s): Majed Aldehri, Yasin Temel, Ali Jahanshahi, Sarah HeschamAbstractFornix deep brain stimulation (DBS) has the ability to refurbish memory functions in animal models with experimental dementia. One of the possible underlying mechanisms is the acute increase of acetylcholine in the hippocampus. Another suggested hypothesis is neuroplasticity. Recent work in rats has shown that acute fornix DBS can modulate neurotrophic factors as well as synaptic plasticity markers on the short-term. Here, we want to test the hypothesis that a...
Source: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy - December 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: December 2018Source: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Volume 94Author(s): (Source: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy)
Source: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy - November 21, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
