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Characterization of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses isolated from Nepalese and Indian outbreak patients in early 2015
We characterized influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates from large‐scale outbreaks that occurred in Nepal and India in early 2015. Although no specific viral features, which may have caused the outbreaks, were identified, an S84N substitution in hemagglutinin was frequently observed. Chronological phylogenetic analysis revealed that these Nepalese and Indian viruses possessing the S84N substitution constitute potential ancestors of the novel genetic subclade 6B.1 virus that spread globally in the following (2015/16) influenza season. Thus, active surveillance of circulating influenza viruses in the Southern Asia region, includi...
Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses - August 9, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Kazuya Nakamura, Masayuki Shirakura, Seiichiro Fujisaki, Noriko Kishida, David F. Burke, Derek J. Smith, Tomoko Kuwahara, Emi Takashita, Ikuyo Takayama, Mina Nakauchi, Mandeep Chadha, Varsha Potdar, Arvind Bhushan, Bishnu Prasad Upadhyay, Geeta Shakya, Ta Tags: SHORT ARTICLE Source Type: research

Predictors for fatal human infections with avian H7N9 influenza, evidence from four epidemic waves in Jiangsu Province, Eastern China, 2013 ‐2016
ConclusionCharacteristics of H7N9 patients and clinical treatment options changed over time. Particular complications and the use of particular treatment, along with disease duration, could help clinicians predict the outcome of H7N9 infections. (Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses)
Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses - July 26, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Wang Ma, Haodi Huang, Jian Chen, Ke Xu, Qigang Dai, Huiyan Yu, Fei Deng, Xian Qi, Shenjiao Wang, Jie Hong, Changjun Bao, Xiang Huo, Minghao Zhou Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Demographic and ecological risk factors for human influenza a virus infections in rural Indonesia
ConclusionOur findings suggest an increase in influenza A virus infections in rural Indonesian villagers living in households with young children and poultry.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses)
Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses - July 17, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Elisabeth Dowling Root, Dwi Agustian, Cissy Kartasasmita, Timothy M. Uyeki, Eric A.F. Sim ões Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Impact of pregnancy on observed sex disparities among adults hospitalized with laboratory ‐confirmed influenza, FluSurv‐NET, 2010‐2012
ConclusionsOverall rates of influenza‐associated hospitalization were not significantly different for men and women after excluding pregnant women. Among women ages 18‐49, pregnancy increased the risk of influenza‐associated hospitalization 6‐fold but did not increase the likelihood of vaccination. Improving vaccination rates in pregnant women should be an influenza vaccination priority.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses)
Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses - July 13, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Kelly Kline, James L. Hadler, Kimberly Yousey ‐Hindes, Linda Niccolai, Pam Daily Kirley, Lisa Miller, Evan J. Anderson, Maya L. Monroe, Susan R. Bohm, Ruth Lynfield, Marisa Bargsten, Shelley M. Zansky, Krista Lung, Ann Thomas, Diane Brady, William Schaf Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Absence of clinical disease and contact transmission of North American clade 2.3.4.4 H5NX HPAI in experimentally infected pigs
ConclusionsClade 2.3.4.4 H5NX strains can replicate in the lower respiratory tract of swine upon high titer inoculation, though appear to be incapable of replication in swine nasal epithelium in vivo or ex vivo in trachea explants in culture. Infected pigs do not produce high levels of HI antibodies following infection. Collectively, our data show clade 2.3.4.4 HPAI H5NX viruses to be poorly adapted for replication and transmission in swine.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses)
Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses - July 8, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Bryan S. Kaplan, Mia Kim Torchetti, Kelly M. Lager, Richard J. Webby, Amy L. Vincent Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Social Determinants of Influenza Hospitalization in the United States
ConclusionCensus tract‐based determinants account for 11% of the variability in influenza hospitalization.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses)
Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses - July 1, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Rameela Chandrasekhar, Chantel Sloan, Edward Mitchel, Danielle Ndi, Nisha Alden, Ann Thomas, Nancy M. Bennett, Pam D. Kirley, Mary Hill, Evan J. Anderson, Ruth Lynfield, Kimberly Yousey ‐Hindes, Marisa Bargsten, Shelley M. Zansky, Krista Lung, Monica Sc Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

The efficacy of medical masks and respirators against respiratory infection in health workers
ConclusionThe results suggest that classification of infections into droplet versus airborne transmission is an oversimplification. Most guidelines recommend masks for infections spread by droplets. N95 respirators, as “air borne precaution”, could provide superior protection for droplet transmitting infections, which should be reflected in infection control guidelines for occupational health and safety.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses)
Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses - July 1, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Chandini Raina MacIntyre, Abrar Ahmad Chughtai, Bayzidur Rahman, Yang Peng, Yi Zhang, Holly Seale, Xiaoli Wang, Quanyi Wang Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Access to influenza immunisation services by HIV positive patients in the UK
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses)
Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses - July 1, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: E Pickett, J Brown, M C I Schalkwyk, A Hunter, K Edwards, S Edwards, N Marshall, L Swaden, F Burns, M Johnson, M Lipman Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Influenza virus ‐like particles harboring H9N2 HA and NA proteins induce a protective immune response in chicken
ConclusionsThe hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins were co‐expressed in the infected cells, self‐assembled, and were released into the culture medium in the form of VLPs of diameter ~80 nm. The VLPs exhibited some functional characteristics of a full influenza virus, including hemagglutination and neuraminidase activity. In SPF chickens, the VLPs elicited serum antibodies specific for H9N2, and induced a higher HI titer (as detected by a homologous antigen) than did a commercial H9N2 vaccine (A/chicken/Shanghai/F/1998). Viral shedding from VLP vaccine sub‐group was reduced compared with commercial vacc...
Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses - July 1, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Xin Li, Houbin Ju, Jian Liu, Dequan Yang, Xinyong Qi, Xianchao Yang, Yafeng Qiu, Jie Zheng, Feifei Ge, Jinping Zhou Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

The Hidden Burden of Influenza: A Review of the Extra ‐Pulmonary Complications of Influenza Infection
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses)
Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses - July 1, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Subhashini A. Sellers, Robert Hagan, Frederick Hayden, William A. Fischer Tags: Review Source Type: research

The acceptability and validity of self ‐collected nasal swabs for detection of influenza virus infection among older adults in Thailand
ConclusionsSelf‐collection of nasal swabs was acceptable to older adults in Thailand who were able to take adequate samples. Self‐collection of nasal swabs may improve the timeliness of sample collection but lower sensitivity will need to be considered.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses)
Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses - July 1, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Sonal Goyal, Kriengkrai Prasert, Prabda Praphasiri, Malinee Chittaganpitch, Sunthareeya Waicharoen, Darunee Ditsungnoen, Siriluk Jaichuang, Kim A. Lindblade Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Lineage Specific Epitope Profiles for HPAI H5 Pre ‐Pandemic Vaccine Selection and Evaluation
ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that our analytical approach to evaluate conserved CD8+ T‐cell epitope prediction in a phylogenetic framework may provide important insights for computational design of vaccine selection and future epitope‐based design.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses)
Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses - July 1, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Xueting Qiu, Venkata R. Duvvuri, Jonathan B. Gubbay, Richard Webby, Ghazi Kayali, Justin Bahl Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Estimating and Modelling the Transmissibility of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus during the 2015 Outbreak in the Republic of Korea
ConclusionsOur estimates were in agreement with others from the ROK outbreak, albeit significantly higher than estimates based on other small outbreaks and sporadic cases of MERS‐CoV. The large‐scale outbreak in the ROK was jointly due to the high transmissibility in the healthcare‐associated setting and the Korean culture–associated contact behaviour. Limiting such behaviour by rapidly identifying and isolating cases and avoiding high risk contacts effectively stopped further transmission.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses)
Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses - July 1, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Xu ‐Sheng Zhang, Richard Pebody, Andre Charlett, Daniela Angelis, Paul Birrell, Hunseok Kang, Marc Baguelin, Yoon Hong Choi Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Influenza in Long ‐Term Care Facilities
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses)
Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses - July 1, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Louise E Lansbury, Caroline S Brown, Jonathan S Nguyen ‐Van‐Tam Tags: Expert Commentary Source Type: research

Infection with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 during the first wave of the 2009 pandemic: Evidence from a longitudinal seroepidemiologic study in Dhaka, Bangladesh
ConclusionAfter the first pandemic wave in Dhaka, one in four persons were infected by A(H1N1)pdm09 virus and the highest burden of infection was among the school‐aged children. Seroprevalence studies supplement traditional surveillance systems to estimate infection burden.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses)
Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses - July 1, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Sharifa Nasreen, Mustafizur Rahman, Kathy Hancock, Jacqueline M Katz, Doli Goswami, Katharine Sturm ‐Ramirez, Crystal Holiday, Stacie Jefferson, Alicia Branch, David Wang, Vic Veguilla, Marc‐Alain Widdowson, Alicia M. Fry, W.Abdullah Brooks Tags: Original Article Source Type: research