Isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for chondroitin sulfate E
In conclusion, the new anti-CSE monoclonal antibodies specifically recognize the E-unit of CSE. The antibodies will become useful tools for the investigation of the biological and pathological significance of CSE. (Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - July 29, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Watanabe, I., Hikita, T., Mizuno, H., Sekita, R., Minami, A., Ishii, A., Minamisawa, Y., Suzuki, K., Maeda, H., Hidari, K. I. P. J., Suzuki, T. Tags: Analytical Glycobiology Source Type: research
Antibody recognition of carbohydrate epitopes
Carbohydrate antigens are valuable as components of vaccines for bacterial infectious agents and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and for generating immunotherapeutics against cancer. The crystal structures of anti-carbohydrate antibodies in complex with antigen reveal the key features of antigen recognition and provide information that can guide the design of vaccines, particularly synthetic ones. This review summarizes structural features of anti-carbohydrate antibodies to over 20 antigens, based on six categories of glyco-antigen: (i) the glycan shield of HIV glycoproteins; (ii) tumor epitopes; (iii) glycolipids and ...
Source: Glycobiology - July 29, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Haji-Ghassemi, O., Blackler, R. J., Martin Young, N., Evans, S. V. Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
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Source: Glycobiology - July 29, 2015 Category: Biology Tags: GLYCO-FORUM Source Type: research
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Source: Glycobiology - July 29, 2015 Category: Biology Tags: Cover/Standing Material Source Type: research
Editorial Board
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Source: Glycobiology - July 29, 2015 Category: Biology Tags: Cover/Standing Material Source Type: research
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Source: Glycobiology - July 29, 2015 Category: Biology Tags: Cover/Standing Material Source Type: research
Expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) defines spontaneous loss of epithelial phenotype in human solid tumor cells
In conclusion, we introduce SSEA-4 as a novel marker to identify heterogeneous, invasive subpopulations of tumor cells. Moreover, increased cell-surface SSEA-4 expression is associated with the loss of cell–cell interactions and the gain of a migratory phenotype, suggesting an important role of SSEA-4 in cancer invasion by influencing cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix. (Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - July 1, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Sivasubramaniyan, K., Harichandan, A., Schilbach, K., Mack, A. F., Bedke, J., Stenzl, A., Kanz, L., Niederfellner, G., Buhring, H.-J. Tags: Cell Biology Source Type: research
Prevalence of the F-type lectin domain
We report 437 FLD sequence clusters (clustered at 80% sequence identity) from eukaryotic, eubacterial and viral proteins. Domain architectures are diverse but mostly conserved in closely related organisms, and domain organizations of bacterial FLD-containing proteins are very different from their eukaryotic counterparts, suggesting unique specialization of FLDs to suit different requirements. Several atypical phylogenetic associations hint at lateral transfer. Among eukaryotes, we observe an expansion of FLDs in terms of occurrence and domain organization diversity in the taxa Mollusca, Hemichordata and Branchiostomi, perh...
Source: Glycobiology - July 1, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Bishnoi, R., Khatri, I., Subramanian, S., Ramya, T. N. C. Tags: Computational Biology Source Type: research
Structure of the K12 capsule containing 5,7-di-N-acetylacinetaminic acid from Acinetobacter baumannii isolate D36
The repeat unit of the K12 capsular polysaccharide isolated from the Acinetobacter baumannii global clone 1 clinical isolate, D36, was elucidated by means of chemical and spectroscopical methods. The structure was shown to contain N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (d-GalpNAc), N-acetyl-d-fucosamine and N-acetyl-l-fucosamine linked together in the main chain, with the novel sugar, 5,7-diacetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-l-glycero-l-altro-non-2-ulosonic acid (5,7-di-N-acetylacinetaminic acid or Aci5Ac7Ac), attached to d-GalpNAc as a side branch. This matched the sugar composition of the K12 capsule and the genetic content of the KL12 caps...
Source: Glycobiology - July 1, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Kenyon, J. J., Marzaioli, A. M., Hall, R. M., De Castro, C. Tags: Microbial Biology Source Type: research
Paucimannosidic glycoepitopes are functionally involved in proliferation of neural progenitor cells in the subventricular zone
Protein glycosylation has received much attention due to its multiple functional roles in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Paucimannose is a common mannosidic N-glycoepitope in invertebrates and plants but has only recently been detected in vertebrates. Herein, we demonstrate the presence of paucimannosidic epitopes specifically in early postnatal neural progenitor cells (NPCs) between postnatal day 0 and 7 in mouse brain suggesting a possible role in the development of NPCs. Paucimannosidic epitopes were also detected in human glioblastoma cells and human macrophages by immunofluorescence and mass spectrom...
Source: Glycobiology - July 1, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Dahmen, A.-C., Fergen, M.-T., Laurini, C., Schmitz, B., Loke, I., Thaysen-Andersen, M., Diestel, S. Tags: Developmental Biology Source Type: research
NEU3 activity enhances EGFR activation without affecting EGFR expression and acts on its sialylation levels
Several studies performed over the last decade have focused on the role of sialylation in the progression of cancer and, in particular, on the association between deregulation of sialidases and tumorigenic transformation. The plasma membrane-associated sialidase NEU3 is often deregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC), and it was shown that this enzyme co-immunoprecipitates in HeLa cells with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the molecular target of most recent monoclonal antibody-based therapies against CRC. To investigate the role of NEU3 sialidase on EGFR deregulation in CRC, we first collected data on NEU3 gene expr...
Source: Glycobiology - July 1, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Mozzi, A., Forcella, M., Riva, A., Difrancesco, C., Molinari, F., Martin, V., Papini, N., Bernasconi, B., Nonnis, S., Tedeschi, G., Mazzucchelli, L., Monti, E., Fusi, P., Frattini, M. Tags: Cancer Biology Source Type: research
Recognition of human milk oligosaccharides by bacterial exotoxins
The affinities of the most abundant oligosaccharides found in human milk for four bacterial exotoxins (from Vibrio cholerae and pathogenic Escherichia coli) were quantified for the first time. Association constants (Ka) for a library of 20 human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) binding to Shiga toxin type 2 holotoxin (Stx2) and the B subunit homopentamers of cholera toxin, heat-labile toxin and Shiga toxin type 1 (CTB5, HLTB5 and Stx1B5) were measured at 25°C and pH 7 using the direct electrospray ionization mass spectrometry assay. Notably, all four bacterial toxins bind to a majority of the HMOs tested and five of the HM...
Source: Glycobiology - July 1, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: El-Hawiet, A., Kitova, E. N., Klassen, J. S. Tags: Glycan Recognition Source Type: research
A congenital disorder of deglycosylation: Biochemical characterization of N-glycanase 1 deficiency in patient fibroblasts
N-Glycanase 1, encoded by NGLY1, catalyzes the deglycosylation of misfolded N-linked glycoproteins retrotranslocated into the cytosol. We identified nine cases with mutations in NGLY1. The patients show developmental delay, seizures, peripheral neuropathy, abnormal liver function and alacrima (absence of tears). The mutations in NGLY1 resulted in the absence of N-glycanase 1 protein in patient-derived fibroblasts. Applying a recently established cellular deglycosylation-dependent Venus fluorescence assay, we found that patient fibroblasts had dramatically reduced fluorescence, indicating a pronounced reduction in N-glycana...
Source: Glycobiology - July 1, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: He, P., Grotzke, J. E., Ng, B. G., Gunel, M., Jafar-Nejad, H., Cresswell, P., Enns, G. M., Freeze, H. H. Tags: Genetic Disorders of Glycosylation Source Type: research
4-Methylumbelliferone inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth by decreasing IL-6 production and angiogenesis
In conclusion, 4MU has antitumor activity in vivo and its mechanisms of action involve an inhibition of angiogenesis and IL-6 production. 4MU is an orally available molecule with potential for HCC treatment. (Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - July 1, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Piccioni, F., Fiore, E., Bayo, J., Atorrasagasti, C., Peixoto, E., Rizzo, M., Malvicini, M., Tirado-Gonzalez, I., Garcia, M. G., Alaniz, L., Mazzolini, G. Tags: Cancer Biology Source Type: research
Interference with the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis as potential antitumor strategy: superiority of a sulfated galactofucan from the brown alga Saccharina latissima and Fucoidan over heparins
The present study demonstrates that fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (FCSP) from brown algae interfere with the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in human Burkitt's lymphoma cells by binding CXCL12 and thereby blocking both CXCL12-induced CXCR4 receptor activation and downstream effects like migration and secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9. This mode of action is currently considered as promising strategy for tumor therapy and may contribute to the known in vivo antitumor, antimetastatic and antiangiogenic activity of FCSP. In terms of the inhibition of the CXCR4 activation, FCSP from Saccharina latissima (S.l.-FCSP) proved...
Source: Glycobiology - July 1, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Schneider, T., Ehrig, K., Liewert, I., Alban, S. Tags: Cancer Biology Source Type: research
