O-GlcNAcylation of histone deacetylases 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma promotes cancer progression
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor originating in the liver. Previous studies have indicated that O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and histone deacetylase-1 (HDAC1) play important roles in the pathogenesis of HCC. In the present study, we investigated the physical link between OGT and HDAC1. The O-GlcNAcylation of HDAC1 is overexpressed in HCC. We found that HDAC1 has two major sites of O-GlcNAcylation in its histone deacetylase domain. HDAC1 O-GlcNAcylation increases the activated phosphorylation of HDAC1, which enhances its enzyme activity. HDAC1 O-GlcNAc mutants promote the p21 transcription regulation throug...
Source: Glycobiology - September 8, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Zhu, G., Tao, T., Zhang, D., Liu, X., Qiu, H., Han, L., Xu, Z., Xiao, Y., Cheng, C., Shen, A. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Antibody recognition of HIV and dengue glycoproteins
The last 6 years have witnessed an explosion of discoveries at the interface of glycobiology and immunology. Binding of clustered oligosaccharides has turned out to be a very frequent mode by which human antibodies have developed broadly neutralizing activity against HIV. This mini-review will cover many recent developments in the HIV antibody field, as well as emerging data about Dengue broadly neutralizing antibodies. (Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - September 8, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Krauss, I. J. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Exploring the glycan interaction in vivo: Future prospects of neo-glycoproteins for diagnostics
Herein the biodistributions and in vivo kinetics of chemically prepared neoglycoproteins are reviewed. Chemical methods can be used to conjugate various mono- and oligosaccharides onto a protein surface. The kinetics and organ-specific accumulation profiles of these glycoconjugates, which are introduced through intravenous injections, have been analyzed using conventional dissection studies as well as noninvasive methods such as single photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography and fluorescence imaging. These studies suggest that glycan-dependent protein distribution kinetics may be useful for pharma...
Source: Glycobiology - September 8, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Ogura, A., Kurbangalieva, A., Tanaka, K. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Nanoscale materials for probing the biological functions of the glycocalyx
Glycans are among the most intriguing carriers of biological information in living systems. The structures of glycans not only convey the cells' physiological state, but also regulate cellular communication and responses by engaging receptors on neighboring cells and in the extracellular matrix. The assembly of simple monosaccharide building blocks into linear or branched oligo- and polysaccharides gives rise to a large repertoire of diverse glycan structures. Despite their structural complexity, individual glycans rarely engage their protein partners with high affinity. Yet, glycans modulate biological processes with exqu...
Source: Glycobiology - September 8, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Huang, M. L., Godula, K. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Advances in cell surface glycoengineering reveal biological function
Cell surface glycans are critical mediators of cell–cell, cell–ligand, and cell–pathogen interactions. By controlling the set of glycans displayed on the surface of a cell, it is possible to gain insight into the biological functions of glycans. Moreover, control of glycan expression can be used to direct cellular behavior. While genetic approaches to manipulate glycosyltransferase gene expression are available, their utility in glycan engineering has limitations due to the combinatorial nature of glycan biosynthesis and the functional redundancy of glycosyltransferase genes. Biochemical and chemical stra...
Source: Glycobiology - September 8, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Nischan, N., Kohler, J. J. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Chemical Glycobiology
(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - September 8, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Boons, G.-J., Wu, P. Tags: INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL ISSUE Source Type: research
3D implementation of the symbol nomenclature for graphical representation of glycans
(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - September 8, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Thieker, D. F., Hadden, J. A., Schulten, K., Woods, R. J. Tags: Letter to the Glyco-Forum Source Type: research
Meeting and Course Announcements
(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - September 8, 2016 Category: Biology Tags: Glyco-Forum Section Source Type: research
Subscription Page
(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - September 8, 2016 Category: Biology Tags: Original articles Source Type: research
Editorial Board
(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - September 8, 2016 Category: Biology Tags: Original articles Source Type: research
Contents Page
(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - September 8, 2016 Category: Biology Tags: Original articles Source Type: research
Combining 3D structure with glycan array data provides insight into the origin of glycan specificity
Defining how a glycan-binding protein (GBP) specifically selects its cognate glycan from among the ensemble of glycans within the cellular glycome is an area of intense study. Powerful insight into recognition mechanisms can be gained from 3D structures of GBPs complexed to glycans; however, such structures remain difficult to obtain experimentally. Here an automated 3D structure generation technique, called computational carbohydrate grafting, is combined with the wealth of specificity information available from glycan array screening. Integration of the array data with modeling and crystallography allows generation of pu...
Source: Glycobiology - August 7, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Grant, O. C., Tessier, M. B., Meche, L., Mahal, L. K., Foley, B. L., Woods, R. J. Tags: Original articles Source Type: research
Three-dimensional homology model of GlcNAc-TV glycosyltransferase
The enzyme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine: α-d-mannoside β-1-6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V) catalyzes the transfer of GlcNAc from the UDP-GlcNAc donor to the α-1-6-linked mannose of the trimannosyl core structure of glycoproteins to produce the β-1-6-linked branching of N-linked oligosaccharides. β-1-6-GlcNAc-branched N-glycans are associated with cancer growth and metastasis. Therefore, the inhibition of GnT-V represents a key target for anti-cancer drug development. However, the development of potent and specific inhibitors of GnT-V is hampered by the lack of information on the three-dime...
Source: Glycobiology - August 7, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Janos, P., Kozmon, S., Tvaroska, I., Koca, J. Tags: Original articles Source Type: research
Structural characterization of the N-linked pentasaccharide decorating glycoproteins of the halophilic archaeon Haloferax volcanii
N-Glycosylation is a post-translational modification performed in all three domains of life. In the halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii, glycoproteins such as the S-layer glycoprotein are modified by an N-linked pentasaccharide assembled by a series of Agl (archaeal glycosylation) proteins. In the present study, mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to define the structure of this glycan attached to at least four of the seven putative S-layer glycoprotein N-glycosylation sites, namely Asn-13, Asn-83, Asn-274 and Asn-279. Such approaches detected a trisaccharide corresponding to gluc...
Source: Glycobiology - August 7, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Kandiba, L., Lin, C.-W., Aebi, M., Eichler, J., Guerardel, Y. Tags: Original articles Source Type: research
Galectin-12 enhances inflammation by promoting M1 polarization of macrophages and reduces insulin sensitivity in adipocytes
Galectin-12 is a member of an animal lectin family with affinity for β-galactosides and containing consensus amino acid sequences. Here, we found that galectin-12 was expressed in macrophages and thus aimed to determine how galectin-12 affects inflammation and macrophage polarization and activation. The ablation of galectin-12 did not affect bone marrow cells to differentiate into macrophages, but reduced phagocytic activity against Escherichia coli and lowered the secretion of nitric oxide. The ablation of galectin-12 also resulted in the polarization of macrophages into the M2 direction, as indicated by increases in...
Source: Glycobiology - August 7, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Wan, L., Lin, H.-J., Huang, C.-C., Chen, Y.-C., Hsu, Y.-A., Lin, C.-H., Lin, H.-C., Chang, C.-Y., Huang, S.-H., Lin, J.-M., Liu, F.-T. Tags: Original articles Source Type: research
