FUT1 genetic variants impact protein glycosylation of porcine intestinal mucosa
In this study, a G > A (nucleotide 307) missense mutation in the porcine α1,2fucosyltransferase 1 gene (FUT1), which has been reported to prevent infections by the common porcine enteric pathogen F18 fimbriated Escherichia coli, provided a unique opportunity to study glycan structures potentially involved in intestinal infections. N- and O-Linked glycans of the intestinal mucosa proteins were characterized in detail using LC–MS/MS. Relative abundances of all glycans were determined and compared between four heterozygous pigs (FUT1-307A/G) and four age-matched homozygous pigs from the same 2 litters carrying ...
Source: Glycobiology - April 26, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Hesselager, M. O., Everest-Dass, A. V., Thaysen-Andersen, M., Bendixen, E., Packer, N. H. Tags: Analytical Glycobiology Source Type: research
Sequence determination of synthesized chondroitin sulfate dodecasaccharides
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear acidic polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. The polysaccharide is modified with sulfate groups at different positions by a variety of sulfotransferases. CS chains exhibit various biological and pathological functions by interacting with cytokines and growth factors and regulating their signal transduction. The fine structure of the CS chain defines its specific biological roles. However, structural analysis of CS has been restricted to disaccharide analysis, hampering the understanding of the structure–function re...
Source: Glycobiology - April 26, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Shioiri, T., Tsuchimoto, J., Watanabe, H., Sugiura, N. Tags: Analytical Glycobiology Source Type: research
Profiling N-linked oligosaccharides from IgG by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection
We report an improved HPAE-PAD method for IgG oligosaccharide separation. The neutral glycans are well resolved, including separation of high-mannose species from typical human IgG glycans. Oligosaccharide identification was performed by comparison to known standards in conjunction with selective exoglycosidase digestion of both standards and released glycans. Retention times (RTs) of known glycans were compared with the retention times of maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose standards to define a retention index value for each glycan. These retention indices were used to aid identification of glycans from an example mon...
Source: Glycobiology - April 26, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Rohrer, J. S., Basumallick, L., Hurum, D. C. Tags: Analytical Glycobiology Source Type: research
Modifying the sugar icing on the transplantation cake
As a transplant surgeon, my interest in glycobiology began through my research into ABO-incompatible allotransplantation, and grew when my goal became overcoming the shortage of organs from deceased human donors by the transplantation of pig organs into patients with terminal organ failure (xenotransplantation/cross-species transplantation). The major target for human "natural" (preformed) anti-pig antibodies is galactose-α(1,3)-galactose (the "Gal" epitope), which is expressed on many pig cells, including the vascular endothelium. The binding of human IgM and IgG antibodies to Gal antigens initiates the process of h...
Source: Glycobiology - April 26, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Cooper, D. K. C. Tags: REVIEWS Source Type: research
Fulfilling Koch's postulates in glycoscience: HCELL, GPS and translational glycobiology
Glycoscience-based research that is performed expressly to address medical necessity and improve patient outcomes is called "translational glycobiology". In the 19th century, Robert Koch proposed a set of postulates to rigorously establish causality in microbial pathogenesis, and these postulates can be reshaped to guide knowledge into how naturally-expressed glycoconjugates direct molecular processes critical to human well-being. Studies in the 1990s indicated that E-selectin, an endothelial lectin that binds sialofucosylated carbohydrate determinants, is constitutively expressed on marrow microvessels, and investigations...
Source: Glycobiology - April 26, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Sackstein, R. Tags: REVIEWS Source Type: research
Hyaluronan: More than just a wrinkle filler
Dermatology is a field that strives not only to alleviate skin disease (therapeutics) but also to improve the perception of wellness (cosmetics). Thus, in this special issue of Glycobiology, it seems appropriate to discuss the biology of a glycosaminoglycan, called hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan, or HA), that has become the most popular agent today for intradermal injections to improve wrinkles and other cosmetic defects. HA is a simple linear polymer in which a simple disaccharide is repeated thousands of time, thereby creating a huge hydrophilic molecule that confers a large volume of hydration and contributes to the turgor...
Source: Glycobiology - April 26, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Maytin, E. V. Tags: REVIEWS Source Type: research
"Siglec"ting the allergic response for therapeutic targeting
As a physician-scientist, I have pursued research related to translational immunology with the goal of improving our ability to diagnose and treat allergic, immunologic and other diseases involving eosinophils, basophils and mast cells. We have tried to delineate novel mechanisms of human disease, working whenever possible with primary human cells and tissues, attempting to identify targets that might be amenable to the development of new therapies. As a general strategy, we have compared eosinophils, basophils, mast cells and neutrophils to look for pathways in inflammation that were unique to distinct subsets of these ce...
Source: Glycobiology - April 26, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Bochner, B. S. Tags: REVIEWS Source Type: research
Translational glycobiology: Patient-oriented glycoscience research
(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - April 26, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Sackstein, R. Tags: INTRODUCTION Source Type: research
Why we love glycobiology
(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - April 26, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Baum, L. G., Haltiwanger, R. S. Tags: GLYCO-FORUM Source Type: research
Meeting and Course Announcements
(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - April 26, 2016 Category: Biology Tags: GLYCO-FORUM Source Type: research
Subscription Page
(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - April 26, 2016 Category: Biology Tags: Cover/Standing Material Source Type: research
Editorial Board
(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - April 26, 2016 Category: Biology Tags: Cover/Standing Material Source Type: research
Contents Page
(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - April 26, 2016 Category: Biology Tags: Cover/Standing Material Source Type: research
Novel GM1 ganglioside-like peptide mimics prevent the association of cholera toxin to human intestinal epithelial in vitro
(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - March 29, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Yu, R. K., Usuki, S., Itokazu, Y., Wu, H.-C. Tags: ERRATUM Source Type: research
Complement Factor H and Simian Virus 40 bind the GM1 ganglioside in distinct conformations
Mammalian cell surfaces are decorated with a variety of glycan chains that orchestrate development and defense and are exploited by pathogens for cellular attachment and entry. While glycosidic linkages are, in principle, flexible, the conformational space that a given glycan can sample is subject to spatial and electrostatic restrictions imposed by its overall chemical structure. Here, we show how the glycan moiety of the GM1 ganglioside, a branched, monosialylated pentasaccharide that serves as a ligand for various proteins, undergoes differential conformational selection in its interactions with different lectins. Using...
Source: Glycobiology - March 29, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Blaum, B. S., Frank, M., Walker, R. C., Neu, U., Stehle, T. Tags: Structural Biology Source Type: research
