Galectin-3 modulates the EGFR signalling-mediated regulation of Sox2 expression via c-Myc in lung cancer
Galectin-3 is a ubiquitous lectin exerting multiple cellular functions such as RNA splicing, protein trafficking and apoptosis. Its expression is positively correlated with the poor prognosis in lung cancer patients. Galectin-3 can promote cancer progression through its effects on cell proliferation, cell survival or cancer metastasis. However, the role of galectin-3 in the regulation of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) is still unclear. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that galectin-3 might regulate lung CSCs via the EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway. In our study, galectin-3 facilitated EGFR activation and enhanced ...
Source: Glycobiology - December 26, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Kuo, H.-Y., Hsu, H.-T., Chen, Y.-C., Chang, Y.-W., Liu, F.-T., Wu, C.-W. Tags: Cell Biology Source Type: research
Posttranslational modification of E-cadherin by core fucosylation regulates Src activation and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like process in lung cancer cells
E-cadherin is often dysregulated in aggressive lung cancer, the mechanism of which cannot always be explained at the level of transcription. In 66 patients with lung cancer, immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that co-localization of E-cadherin and core fucose by Lens culinaris agglutinin was significantly less extensive in tumor than in nontumor tissue. Through gain and loss of fucosylation experiments in the giant lung carcinoma cell lines 95C and 95D, our results revealed that E-cadherin core fucosylation in 95C cells overexpressing α-1, 6-fucosyltransferase (Fut8) inhibited Fut8-95C cell migration, whereas ...
Source: Glycobiology - December 26, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Shao, K., Chen, Z. Y., Gautam, S., Deng, N. H., Zhou, Y., Wu, X. Z. Tags: Cancer Biology Source Type: research
Structural changes in histone H2A by methylglyoxal generate highly immunogenic amorphous aggregates with implications in auto-immune response in cancer
This study has probed the structural alternations; leading to the formation of adducts and aggregates, in histone H2A upon in vitro modification by methylglyoxal (MG). The immunogenicity of modified histone H2A and its binding with cancer autoantibodies was also assessed. MG induced lysine side chain modifications, blocking of free amino groups and the formation of condensed cross structures in histone H2A; and its effect was inhibited by carbonyl scavengers. It led to the adduct formation and generation of N-epsilon-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL) and its decomposition forms as revealed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ioni...
Source: Glycobiology - December 26, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Mir, A. R., Moinuddin, , Habib, S., Khan, F., Alam, K., Ali, A. Tags: Cancer Biology Source Type: research
Sialic acids in cancer biology and immunity
During malignant transformation, glycosylation is heavily altered compared with healthy tissue due to differential expression of glycosyltransferases, glycosidases and monosaccharide transporters within the cancer microenvironment. One key change of malignant tissue glycosylation is the alteration of sialic acid processing that leads to a general upregulation of sialylated glycans (hypersialylation) on cell surfaces and an increased introduction of the non-human sialic acid N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) instead of N-acetyl-neuraminic acid into cell surface glycans. These changes have been shown to be the result of al...
Source: Glycobiology - December 26, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Pearce, O. M. T., Läubli, H. Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
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Source: Glycobiology - December 26, 2015 Category: Biology Tags: Cover/Standing Material Source Type: research
A lectin-based diagnostic system using circulating antibodies to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer
In the present study, we developed serological strategies using immunoglobulin fractions obtained by protein A chromatography to screen for cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I (CIN I). The reactivities of the immunoglobulins purified from sera of women with normal cytology, CIN I and cervical cancer were compared in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and enzyme-linked lectin assays (ELLAs). To capture the immunoglobulins, ELISAs and ELLAs were performed in protein A immobilized microplates. The reactivity of immunoglobulin in ELISA was in the increasing order normal cytology, CIN I and cervical...
Source: Glycobiology - December 7, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Jin, Y., Kim, S. C., Kim, H. J., Ju, W., Kim, Y. H., Kim, H.-J. Tags: Translational Glycobiology Source Type: research
Binding of polysaccharides to human galectin-3 at a noncanonical site in its carbohydrate recognition domain
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a multifunctional lectin, unique to galectins by the presence of a long N-terminal tail (NT) off of its carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). Many previous studies have investigated binding of small carbohydrates to its CRD. Here, we used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (15N–1H heteronuclear single quantum coherence data) to assess binding of 15N-Gal-3 (and truncated 15N-Gal-3 CRD) to several, relatively large polysaccharides, including eight varieties of galactomannans (GMs), as well as a β(1 -> 4)-polymannan and an α-branched mannan. Overall, we found that these polysacc...
Source: Glycobiology - December 7, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Miller, M. C., Ippel, H., Suylen, D., Klyosov, A. A., Traber, P. G., Hackeng, T., Mayo, K. H. Tags: Structural Biology Source Type: research
Flagellin glycosylation in Paenibacillus alvei CCM 2051T
This study reveals that flagellin glycosylation in P. alvei is pivotal to flagella formation and bacterial motility in vivo, and simultaneously identifies flagella glycosylation as a second protein O-glycosylation system in this bacterium, in addition to the well-investigated S-layer tyrosine O-glycosylation pathway. (Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - December 7, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Janesch, B., Schirmeister, F., Maresch, D., Altmann, F., Messner, P., Kolarich, D., Schäffer, C. Tags: Microbial Biology Source Type: research
Novel GM1 ganglioside-like peptide mimics prevent the association of cholera toxin to human intestinal epithelial cells in vitro
Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease caused by infection in the gastrointestinal tract by the gram-negative bacterium, Vibrio cholerae, and is a serious public health threat worldwide. There has not been any effective treatment for this infectious disease. Cholera toxin (CT), which is secreted by V. cholerae, can enter host cells by binding to GM1, a monosialoganglioside widely distributed on the plasma membrane surface of various animal epithelial cells. The present study was undertaken to generate peptides that are conformationally similar to the carbohydrate epitope of GM1 for use in the treatment of cholera and relate...
Source: Glycobiology - December 7, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Yu, R. K., Usuki, S., Itokazu, Y., Wu, H.-C. Tags: Microbial Biology Source Type: research
Purification and characterization of a Shigella conjugate vaccine, produced by glycoengineering Escherichia coli
Shigellosis remains a major cause of diarrheal disease in developing countries and causes substantial morbidity and mortality in children. Glycoconjugate vaccines consisting of bacterial surface polysaccharides conjugated to carrier proteins are the most effective vaccines for controlling invasive bacterial infections. Nevertheless, the development of a multivalent conjugate vaccine to prevent Shigellosis has been hampered by the complex manufacturing process as the surface polysaccharide for each strain requires extraction, hydrolysis, chemical activation and conjugation to a carrier protein. The use of an innovative bios...
Source: Glycobiology - December 7, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Ravenscroft, N., Haeuptle, M. A., Kowarik, M., Fernandez, F. S., Carranza, P., Brunner, A., Steffen, M., Wetter, M., Keller, S., Ruch, C., Wacker, M. Tags: Microbial Biology Source Type: research
Synthesis of Gal{alpha}(1,3)Gal{beta}(1,4)GlcNAc{alpha}-, Gal{beta}(1,4)GlcNAc{alpha}- and GlcNAc-containing neoglycoproteins and their immunological evaluation in the context of Chagas disease
The protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease (ChD), has a cell surface covered by immunogenic glycoconjugates. One of the immunodominant glycotopes, the trisaccharide Galα(1,3)Galβ(1,4)GlcNAcα, is expressed on glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored mucins of the infective trypomastigote stage of T. cruzi and triggers high levels of protective anti-α-Gal antibodies (Abs) in infected individuals. Here, we have efficiently synthesized the mercaptopropyl glycoside of that glycotope and conjugated it to maleimide-derivatized bovine serum albumin (BSA). Chemiluminescent-e...
Source: Glycobiology - December 7, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Schocker, N. S., Portillo, S., Brito, C. R. N., Marques, A. F., Almeida, I. C., Michael, K. Tags: Glycan Synthesis Source Type: research
Aspergillus fumigatus Cap59-like protein A is involved in {alpha}1,3-mannosylation of GPI-anchors
In this study, we characterized an α1,3-mannosyltransferase involved in maturation of GPI-anchors from the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. This enzyme shows homology to Cryptococcus neoformans Cap59p, a putative glycosyltransferase involved in capsule formation and virulence, and was thus named Cap59-like protein A (ClpA). Targeted deletion of the clpA gene in A. fumigatus led to absence of α1,3-mannose from mature GPI-anchors. The enzyme was further located to the Golgi-like apparatus of A. fumigatus and was shown to be active in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - December 7, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Krüger, A. T., Engel, J., Buettner, F. F. R., Routier, F. H. Tags: Glycan Synthesis Source Type: research
