Cell surface glycan engineering of neural stem cells augments neurotropism and improves recovery in a murine model of multiple sclerosis
Neural stem cell (NSC)-based therapies offer potential for neural repair in central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory and degenerative disorders. Typically, these conditions present with multifocal CNS lesions making it impractical to inject NSCs locally, thus mandating optimization of vascular delivery of the cells to involved sites. Here, we analyzed NSCs for expression of molecular effectors of cell migration and found that these cells are natively devoid of E-selectin ligands. Using glycosyltransferase-programmed stereosubstitution (GPS), we glycan engineered the cell surface of NSCs ("GPS-NSCs") with resultant enforce...
Source: Glycobiology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Merzaban, J. S., Imitola, J., Starossom, S. C., Zhu, B., Wang, Y., Lee, J., Ali, A. J., Olah, M., Abuelela, A. F., Khoury, S. J., Sackstein, R. Tags: Cell Biology Source Type: research
Molecular mechanism of anticancer effect of Sclerotium rolfsii lectin in HT29 cells involves differential expression of genes associated with multiple signaling pathways: A microarray analysis
This study investigated the SRL-mediated cell signaling in human colon cancer HT29 cells by mRNA and miRNA microarrays. It was found that SRL treatment results in altered expression of several hundred molecules including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-JUN-associated, apoptosis-associated and cell cycle and DNA replication-associated signaling molecules. Pathway analysis using GeneSpring 12.6.1 revealed that SRL treatment induces changes of MAPK and c-JUN-associated signaling pathways as early as 2 h while changes of cell cycle, DNA replication and apoptosis pathways were significantly affected only after 24 ...
Source: Glycobiology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Barkeer, S., Guha, N., Hothpet, V., Saligrama Adavigowda, D., Hegde, P., Padmanaban, A., Yu, L.-G., Swamy, B. M., Inamdar, S. R. Tags: Cancer Biology Source Type: research
LC-MS/MS glycomic analyses of free and conjugated forms of the sialic acids, Neu5Ac, Neu5Gc and KDN in human throat cancers
An elevated level of the free deaminated sialic acid, 2-keto-3-deoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-nononic acid (KDN), was first discovered in human ovarian cancers (OCs), suggesting that KDN may be an oncodevelopmental antigen (Inoue S, Lin SL, Chang T, Wu SH, Yao CW, Chu TY, Troy FA II, Inoue Y. 1998. J Biol Chem. 273(42):27199–27204). To determine if this unexpected finding was unique to OC, we developed an LC–MS/MS glycomic approach to quantitatively determine the level of free and conjugated forms of KDN, Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc in head and neck cancers of the throat, and in a subpopulation of matched lymph nodes. These f...
Source: Glycobiology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Wang, F., Xie, B., Wang, B., Troy, F. A. Tags: Cancer Biology Source Type: research
Automated N-glycan profiling of a mutant Trypanosoma rangeli sialidase expressed in Pichia pastoris, using tandem mass spectrometry and bioinformatics
A mutant Trypanosoma rangeli sialidase, Tr7, expressed in Pichia pastoris, exhibits significant trans-sialidase activity, and has been used for analytical-scale production of sialylated human milk oligosaccharides. Mass spectrometry-based site-specific N-glycoprofiling of Tr7 showed that heterogeneous high-mannose type N-glycans were present at all the five potential N-linked glycosites. N-linked glycans in Tr7 were predominantly neutral oligosaccharides with compositions Man8-16GlcNAc2, but also mono- and di-phosphorylated oligosaccharides in the forms of Man9-15P1GlcNAc2 and Man9-14P2GlcNAc2, respectively. Some phosphory...
Source: Glycobiology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Li, H., Rasmussen, M. I., Larsen, M. R., Guo, Y., Jers, C., Palmisano, G., Mikkelsen, J. D., Kirpekar, F. Tags: Analytical Glycobiology Source Type: research
Analysis of site-specific N-glycan remodeling in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi
The hallmark of N-linked protein glycosylation is the generation of diverse glycan structures in the secretory pathway. Dynamic, non-template-driven processes of N-glycan remodeling in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi provide the cellular setting for structural diversity. We applied newly developed mass spectrometry-based analytics to quantify site-specific N-glycan remodeling of the model protein Pdi1p expressed in insect cells. Molecular dynamics simulation, mutational analysis, kinetic studies of in vitro processing events and glycan flux analysis supported the defining role of the protein in N-glycan processing....
Source: Glycobiology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Hang, I., Lin, C.-w., Grant, O. C., Fleurkens, S., Villiger, T. K., Soos, M., Morbidelli, M., Woods, R. J., Gauss, R., Aebi, M. Tags: Analytical Glycobiology Source Type: research
Fc glycans of therapeutic antibodies as critical quality attributes
Critical quality attributes (CQA) are physical, chemical, biological or microbiological properties or characteristics that must be within an appropriate limit, range or distribution to ensure the desired product quality, safety and efficacy. For monoclonal antibody therapeutics that rely on fraction crystalizable (Fc)-mediated effector function for their clinical activity, the terminal sugars of Fc glycans have been shown to be critical for safety or efficacy. Different glycosylation variants have also been shown to influence the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic behavior while other Fc glycan structural elements may be ...
Source: Glycobiology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Reusch, D., Tejada, M. L. Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Symbol Nomenclature for Graphical Representations of Glycans
(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Varki, A., Cummings, R. D., Aebi, M., Packer, N. H., Seeberger, P. H., Esko, J. D., Stanley, P., Hart, G., Darvill, A., Kinoshita, T., Prestegard, J. J., Schnaar, R. L., Freeze, H. H., Marth, J. D., Bertozzi, C. R., Etzler, M. E., Frank, M., Vliegenthart, Tags: GLYCO-FORUM Source Type: research
A Quarter Century of Glycobiology
(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Hart, G. W., Schnaar, R. L., Haltiwanger, R. S. Tags: GLYCO-FORUM Source Type: research
Meeting and Course Announcements
(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Tags: GLYCO-FORUM Source Type: research
Subscription Page
(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Tags: Cover/Standing Material Source Type: research
Editorial Board
(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Tags: Cover/Standing Material Source Type: research
Contents Page
(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Tags: Cover/Standing Material Source Type: research
Author Index
(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - October 6, 2015 Category: Biology Tags: ANNUAL CONFERENCE Source Type: research
Program Overview * Conference Program * Conference Posters * Conference Abstracts
(Source: Glycobiology)
Source: Glycobiology - October 6, 2015 Category: Biology Tags: ANNUAL CONFERENCE Source Type: research
Cytosolic-free oligosaccharides are predominantly generated by the degradation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides in mammalian cells
During asparagine (N)-linked protein glycosylation, eukaryotic cells generate considerable amounts of free oligosaccharides (fOSs) in the cytosol. It is generally assumed that such fOSs are produced by the deglycosylation of misfolded N-glycoproteins that are destined for proteasomal degradation or as the result of the degradation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides (DLOs), which serve as glycan donor substrates in N-glycosylation reactions. The findings reported herein show that the majority of cytosolic fOSs are generated by a peptide:N-glycanase (PNGase) and an endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase)-independent pa...
Source: Glycobiology - October 6, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Harada, Y., Masahara-Negishi, Y., Suzuki, T. Tags: Glycan Metabolism Source Type: research
