Lipomatous tumours in adrenal gland: WHO updates and clinical implications
Adrenal lipomatous tumour is a group of adrenal tumours with a significant component of adipose tissue. According to the current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumours of endocrine organs, adrenal myelolipoma is the only entity amongst the group of tumours being described. In the literature, other more recently documented adrenal lipomatous tumours included 24 lipomas, 32 teratomas and 16 angiomyolipomas. Rare fatty tumours of the adrenal gland comprised liposarcoma, hibernoma, adrenocortical tumours with fat component and rare adrenal tumours with fat component. Myelolipoma comprises approximately 3% of...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - February 28, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Lam, A. K.-y. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Nelfinavir inhibits proliferation and induces DNA damage in thyroid cancer cells
We examined the effects of NFV on cancer cells that derived from follicular (FTC), papillary (PTC) and anaplastic (ATC) thyroid cancers. NFV (1–20 µM) was tested in FTC133, BCPAP and SW1736 cell lines. The effects of NFV on cell proliferation were determined in vitro using real-time microscopy and by flow cytometry. DNA damage, apoptotic cell death and expression of molecular markers of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) were determined by Western blot and real-time PCR. Real-time imaging demonstrated that NFV (10 µM) increased the time required for the cell passage through the phases of cell c...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - February 26, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Jensen, K., Bikas, A., Patel, A., Kushchayeva, Y., Costello, J., McDaniel, D., Burman, K., Vasko, V. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Glycosylation is a global target for androgen control in prostate cancer cells
Changes in glycan composition are common in cancer and can play important roles in all of the recognised hallmarks of cancer. We recently identified glycosylation as a global target for androgen control in prostate cancer cells and further defined a set of 8 glycosylation enzymes (GALNT7, ST6GalNAc1, GCNT1, UAP1, PGM3, CSGALNACT1, ST6GAL1 and EDEM3), which are also significantly upregulated in prostate cancer tissue. These 8 enzymes are under direct control of the androgen receptor (AR) and are linked to the synthesis of important cancer-associated glycans such as sialyl-Tn (sTn), sialyl LewisX (SLeX), O-GlcNAc and chondro...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - February 26, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Munkley, J. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Hypo-methylation mediates chromosomal instability in pancreatic NET
In conclusion, our data indicate that epigenetic changes are crucial steps in the progression of PanNETs loss and suggest that DNA methylation is the mechanism via which CIN is induced, allowing clonal expansion and selection. (Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer)
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - February 23, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Marinoni, I., Wiederkeher, A., Wiedmer, T., Pantasis, S., Di Domenico, A., Frank, R., Vassella, E., Schmitt, A., Perren, A. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Pituitary acromegaly: not one disease
Acromegaly has traditionally been regarded as a monomorphous disorder resulting from a benign pituitary adenoma. Increasing evidence, however, is highlighting that this disorder is associated with a spectrum of morphologically distinct pituitary tumors with variable clinical, biochemical and radiologic features and differing therapeutic outcomes that are attributed to different genetic and epigenetic changes. These data underscore the need for developing a more refined clinicopathological risk stratification system and implementing personalized targeted therapeutic approaches. (Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer)
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - February 23, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Asa, S. L., Kucharczyk, W., Ezzat, S. Tags: Commentary Source Type: research
Evaluation of ThyroSeq v2 performance in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology
ThyroSeq v2 claims high positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values in a wide range of pretest risks of malignancy in indeterminate thyroid nodules (ITNs) (categories B-III and B-IV of the Bethesda system). We evaluated ThyroSeq v2 performance in a cohort of patients with ITNs seen at our Academic Cancer Center from September 2014 to April 2016, in light of the new diagnostic criteria for non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP). Our study included 182 patients (76% female) with 190 ITNs consecutively tested with ThyroSeq v2. Patient treatment followed our institutional ...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - February 14, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Valderrabano, P., Khazai, L., Leon, M. E., Thompson, Z. J., Ma, Z., Chung, C. H., Hallanger-Johnson, J. E., Otto, K. J., Rogers, K. D., Centeno, B. A., McIver, B. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Copy number variations of E2F1: a new genetic risk factor for testicular cancer
This study suggests for the first time an involvement of E2F1 CNVs in TGCT susceptibility and supports previous preliminary data on the importance of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in this cancer. (Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer)
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - February 14, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Rocca, M. S., Di Nisio, A., Marchiori, A., Ghezzi, M., Opocher, G., Foresta, C., Ferlin, A. Tags: Research Source Type: research
The clinical importance of quantifying body fat distribution during androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is now considered a mainstay in the treatment of metastatic and locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Despite well-established benefits of ADT in relation to overall survival, this treatment has been associated with a number of adverse effects, particularly with regard to key cardiometabolic risk factors including the development of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and increases in total and regional fat mass. In non-ADT populations, increased levels of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) are thought to be a key mediator of the increased cardiometabolic risk associated with weight gain, but t...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - February 1, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Foulkes, S. J., Daly, R. M., Fraser, S. F. Tags: Review Source Type: research
A review of estrogen receptor/androgen receptor genomics in male breast cancer
Male breast cancer is a rare disease, of which little is known. In contrast to female breast cancer, the very vast majority of all cases are positive for estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), implicating the function of this steroid hormone receptor in tumor development and progression. Consequently, adjuvant treatment of male breast cancer revolves around inhibition of ERα. In addition, the androgen receptor (AR) gradually receives more attention as a relevant novel target in breast cancer treatment. Importantly, the rationale of treatment decision making is strongly based on parallels with female breast cancer. Yet,...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - January 30, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Severson, T. M., Zwart, W. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Somatic mutation profiling of hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (HPTC) represents a recently described, aggressive and rare group of thyroid tumors with poorly understood pathogenesis. Molecular data about this group of cancers are few, and a more detailed molecular characterization of these tumors is needed. The main objective of the study is to define a comprehensive molecular typing of HPTC. Eighteen patients affected by HPTC, including eighteen primary tumors and four lymph node metastases, were screened for NRAS, KRAS, HRAS, BRAF, TP53, PIK3CA, hTERT, PTEN, CDKN2A, EGFR, AKT1, CTNNB1 and NOTCH1 gene mutations. Sequencing is conducted ...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - January 23, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Morandi, L., Righi, A., Maletta, F., Rucci, P., Pagni, F., Gallo, M., Rossi, S., Caporali, L., Sapino, A., Lloyd, R. V., Asioli, S. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Comprehensive screening for PD-L1 expression in thyroid cancer
PD-L1 expression is being considered a potential biomarker for response of anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 agents in various tumors. The reported frequency of PD-L1 positivity varies in thyroid carcinomas, and multiple factors may contribute to the variability in PD-L1 positivity. We evaluated the PD-L1 expression in various thyroid cancers on a large scale. A total of 407 primary thyroid cancers with a median 13.7-year of follow-up were included. We evaluated the frequency of PD-L1 expression using a rabbit monoclonal antibody (clone SP142). In addition, we analyzed the relationships between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathologic...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - January 15, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ahn, S., Kim, T. H., Kim, S. W., Ki, C. S., Jang, H. W., Kim, J. S., Kim, J. H., Choe, J.-H., Shin, J. H., Hahn, S. Y., Oh, Y. L., Chung, J. H. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Paleogenetic study of ancient DNA suggestive of X-linked acrogigantism
(Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer)
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - January 15, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Beckers, A., Fernandes, D., Fina, F., Novak, M., Abati, A., Rostomyan, L., Thiry, A., Ouafik, L., Pasture, B., Pinhasi, R., Daly, A. F. Tags: Research Letter Source Type: research
Thyroid nodules and cancer management guidelines: comparisons and controversies
Thyroid cancer is an increasingly prevalent malignancy throughout the world. Management guidelines for both thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer have been published and updated by a number of societies internationally. All of these guidelines recognize this increasing incidence, particularly of small papillary thyroid cancers, due in part to improved technology enabling early or even ‘over’ diagnosis. Recent advances in molecular imaging and molecular methods have been developed to better characterize thyroid nodules, and a number of studies that have clarified risk stratification systems that can be modified ove...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - January 15, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Nabhan, F., Ringel, M. D. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Bisphenol A and its analogues disrupt centrosome cycle and microtubule dynamics in prostate cancer
Humans are increasingly exposed to structural analogues of bisphenol A (BPA), as BPA is being replaced by these compounds in BPA-free consumer products. We have previously shown that chronic and developmental exposure to BPA is associated with increased prostate cancer (PCa) risk in human and animal models. Here, we examine whether exposure of PCa cells (LNCaP, C4-2) to low-dose BPA and its structural analogues (BPS, BPF, BPAF, TBBPA, DMBPA and TMBPA) affects centrosome amplification (CA), a hallmark of cancer initiation and progression. We found that exposure to BPA, BPS, DMBPA and TBBPA, in descending order, increased th...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - January 8, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ho, S.-M., Rao, R., To, S., Schoch, E., Tarapore, P. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Treatment of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: relevance of ENETS 2016 guidelines
The choice of first-line treatment for metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (mP-NET) is mainly based on prognostic factors. ENETS-2016 guidelines stratified treatment according to 3 groups: Group 1, patients in whom all lesions could be removed; Group 2, patients with Ki67 <10%, low tumor burden, no symptoms and stable disease, for whom a watch-and-wait strategy or somatostatin analogs are proposed; Group 3, symptomatic patients or with Ki67 >10% or significant tumor burden or progressive disease, for whom a systemic chemotherapy is proposed. This retrospective study aimed to determine patient distribution, ch...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - January 8, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Foulfoin, M., Graillot, E., Adham, M., Rousset, P., Forestier, J., Hervieu, V., Robinson, P., Scoazec, J.-Y., Lombard-Bohas, C., Walter, T. Tags: Research Source Type: research
