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Laatikainen et al. [1] summarized the association between sodium intake and blood pressure in Finland in the past 4 decades for the purpose of preventing hypertension. By conducting the salt intake reduction intervention in late 1970s, remarkable improvements have been observed both in blood pressure levels and in treatment and control of hypertension. Namely, the mean systolic blood pressure among 30- to 59-year-old men and women has decreased from 149 mm Hg to 135 mm Hg and from 153 mm Hg to 129 mm Hg, respectively. (Source: CVD Prevention and Control)
Source: CVD Prevention and Control - October 19, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Tomoyuki Kawada Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
The Road to 25 ×25
Aiming to reduce premature mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) by 25% by 2025, the World Heart Federation (WHF) has designed CVD roadmaps to help members and partners around the world to work together to achieve this ambitious goal. Synthesizing evidence on the most cost-effective and feasible of strategies to prevent and control CVD, the roadmaps identify common “roadblocks” (barriers to their implementation) and “bypasses” (actions to overcome barriers). Setting the strategic path for achieving 25 by 25, roadmaps provide a framework to enable governments, employers, nongovernmental organizations, health a...
Source: CVD Prevention and Control - October 5, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Alice Grainger-Gasser, Pablo Perel, L éna Lagier-Hässig, David Wood Tags: News and Novel Programs Source Type: research
Biomarkers of Key Biological Pathways in CVD
This review provides background on the laboratory design for MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) as well as the approach used in MESA to select biomarkers for measurement. The research related to the multitude of circulating and urinary biomarkers of inflammation and other novel and emerging biological pathways in MESA is summarized by domain, or pathway, represented by the biomarker. The contributions of MESA biomarkers to our knowledge of these key pathways in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, kidney disease, and pulmonary disease are highlighted, as are the co...
Source: CVD Prevention and Control - August 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Nancy Swords Jenny, Nels C. Olson, Matthew A. Allison, Dena E. Rifkin, Lori B. Daniels, Ian H. de Boer, Christina L. Wassel, Russell P. Tracy Tags: Review Source Type: research
Advances in Understanding Air Pollution and CVD
The MESA Air (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution) leveraged the platform of the MESA cohort into a prospective longitudinal study of relationships between air pollution and cardiovascular health. MESA Air researchers developed fine-scale, state-of-the-art air pollution exposure models for the MESA Air communities, creating individual exposure estimates for each participant. These models combine cohort-specific exposure monitoring, existing monitoring systems, and an extensive database of geographic and meteorological information. (Source: CVD Prevention and Control)
Source: CVD Prevention and Control - August 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Joel D. Kaufman, Elizabeth W. Spalt, Cynthia L. Curl, Anjum Hajat, Miranda R. Jones, Sun-Young Kim, Sverre Vedal, Adam A. Szpiro, Amanda Gassett, Lianne Sheppard, Martha L. Daviglus, Sara D. Adar Tags: Review Source Type: research
Diabetes and Clinical and Subclinical CVD
Diabetes mellitus is a major cardiovascular risk factor and its prevalence has been increasing globally. This review examines the contributions of the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), a diverse American cohort (6,814 adults ages 45 to 84, recruited from 2000 to 2002, 50% female, 62% nonwhite) toward understanding the relationship between diabetes and clinical and subclinical cardiovascular disease. People with diabetes have a high burden of subclinical vascular disease as measured by coronary artery calcification (CAC), carotid artery intima-media thickness, valvular calcification, and alterations in left vent...
Source: CVD Prevention and Control - August 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Alain G. Bertoni, Holly Kramer, Karol Watson, Wendy S. Post Tags: Review Source Type: research
Coronary Artery Calcification
Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is an established marker of subclinical atherosclerosis and an independent predictor of future coronary heart disease in the asymptomatic primary prevention population, particularly in the intermediate risk cohort. CAC also helps in reclassifying those patients and their risk of cardiovascular events into higher or lower risk categories. MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) is a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute –sponsored population-based medical research study involving 6,814 men and women from 6 U.S. (Source: CVD Prevention and Control)
Source: CVD Prevention and Control - August 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kazuhiro Osawa, Rine Nakanishi, Matthew Budoff Tags: Review Source Type: research
The Impact of Neighborhoods on CV Risk
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be the leading cause of death and a major source of health disparities in the Unites States and globally. Efforts to reduce CVD risk and eliminate cardiovascular health disparities have increasingly emphasized the importance of the social determinants of health. Neighborhood environments have emerged as a possible target for prevention and policy efforts. Hence there is a need to better understand the role of neighborhood environments in shaping cardiovascular risk. (Source: CVD Prevention and Control)
Source: CVD Prevention and Control - August 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ana V. Diez Roux, Mahasin S. Mujahid, Jana A. Hirsch, Kari Moore, Latetia V. Moore Tags: Review Source Type: research
Providing Evidence for Subclinical CVD in Risk Assessment
When the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) began, the Framingham risk score was the preferred tool for 10-year global coronary heart disease risk assessment; however, the Framingham risk score had limitations including derivation in a homogenous population lacking racial and ethnic diversity and exclusive reliance on traditional risk factors without consideration of most subclinical disease measures. MESA was designed to study the prognostic value of subclinical atherosclerosis and other risk markers in a multiethnic population. (Source: CVD Prevention and Control)
Source: CVD Prevention and Control - August 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Michael J. Blaha, Joseph Yeboah, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Kiang Liu, Richard Kronmal, Philip Greenland Tags: Review Source Type: research
Legacy of MESA
The MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) was initiated to address unresolved questions about subclinical cardiovascular disease and its progression to clinically overt cardiovascular disease in a diverse population-based sample, incorporating emerging imaging technologies for better evaluation of subclinical disease and creating a population laboratory for future research. MESA's recruited (from 2000 to 2002) cohort comprised>6,000 adults from 4 racial/ethnic groups, ages 45 to 84 years, who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline. (Source: CVD Prevention and Control)
Source: CVD Prevention and Control - August 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Jean L. Olson, Diane E. Bild, Richard A. Kronmal, Gregory L. Burke Tags: Classics in Global Medicine Source Type: research
Peripheral Artery Disease and Aortic Disease
We reviewed published MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) study articles concerning peripheral arterial disease, subclavian stenosis (SS), abdominal aortic calcium (AAC), and thoracic artery calcium (TAC). Important findings include, compared to non-Hispanic whites, lower ankle-brachial index (ABI) and more SS in African Americans, and higher ABI and less SS in Hispanic and Chinese Americans. Abnormal ABI and brachial pressure differences were associated with other subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) measures. (Source: CVD Prevention and Control)
Source: CVD Prevention and Control - August 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Michael H. Criqui, Victor Aboyans, Matthew A. Allison, Julie O. Denenberg, Nketi Forbang, Mary M. McDermott, Christina L. Wassel, Nathan D. Wong Tags: Review Source Type: research
Carotid Intima-Media Thickness as Surrogate for and Predictor of CVD
Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) is a noninvasive measurement of the artery wall thickness, inclusive of atherosclerotic plaque, obtained using ultrasound imaging. In the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) study, IMT measurements are used as a surrogate for subclinical cardiovascular disease and as a variable predictive of cardiovascular events. IMT measurements of the common carotid artery are available in more than 99% of the MESA population and are predictive of cardiovascular events. (Source: CVD Prevention and Control)
Source: CVD Prevention and Control - August 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Joseph F. Polak, Daniel H. O'Leary Tags: Review Source Type: research
The Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
The MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) was established in 1999 to investigate the importance of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) in predicting clinical outcomes in multiethnic populations [1]. MESA expanded on the prior work of Framingham and other National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute cohort studies by specifically focusing on evaluation of non-white race and ethnic groups and aggressively incorporating newer imaging technologies for evaluation of subclinical CV disease. This issue of Global Heart highlights some key areas of work from 16 years of research by the MESA team that resulted in>1,000 peer...
Source: CVD Prevention and Control - August 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Gregory Burke, Joao Lima, Nathan D. Wong, Jagat Narula Tags: Editor's Page Source Type: research
Table of Contents
(Source: CVD Prevention and Control)
Source: CVD Prevention and Control - August 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Charting the Future for Ethnicity and Health Research
The MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) has been highly successful in investigating the prevalence, characteristics, and progression of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a multiethnic American cohort of adult men and women free of CVD at baseline. MESA has also championed the use of novel biomarkers and emerging imaging techniques for the assessment of subclinical CVD and has created an extensive set of data that continues to fuel dozens of ongoing analyses. Insights from MESA include the first demonstration of ethnic differences in coronary artery calcification and its association with subclinical disea...
Source: CVD Prevention and Control - August 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: George A. Mensah Tags: Perspectives From NHLBI Source Type: research
Salt Intake in an Adult Population of Bangladesh
High dietary salt intake is an important risk factor of hypertension and other noncommunicable diseases (NCD). Therefore it has been identified as an indicator of global monitoring framework for NCD control [1]. Under this framework, a 30% relative reduction of dietary salt intake (compared with the 2010 baseline) has been targeted by 2025. Along with 8 other targets of risk reduction and the health system's response, a 25% relative reduction of premature mortality of NCD is expected. (Source: CVD Prevention and Control)
Source: CVD Prevention and Control - August 3, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: M. Mostafa Zaman, Sohel Reza Choudhury, Jasimuddin Ahmed, Rezaul Karim Khandaker, Mian Abdur Rouf, Abdul Malik Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
