Transfusions for anemia in adult and pediatric patients with malignancies
Anemia is present in over two-thirds of patients with malignant hematological disorders. The etiology of anemia predominates from ineffective erythropoiesis from marrow infiltration, cytokine related suppression, erythropoietin suppression, and vitamin deficiency; ineffective erythropoiesis is further exacerbated by accelerated clearance due to antibody mediated hemolysis and thrombotic microangiopathy. As the anemia is chronic in nature, symptoms are generally well tolerated and often non-specific. (Source: Blood Reviews)
Source: Blood Reviews - February 13, 2015 Category: Hematology Authors: Neil Shah, Jennifer Andrews, Lawrence Tim Goodnough Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Information transfer by exosomes: a new frontier in hematologic malignancies
Exosomes are small (30–150mm) vesicles secreted by all cell types and present in all body fluids. They are emerging as vehicles for delivery of membrane-tethered signaling molecules and membrane enclosed genes to target cells. Exosome-mediated information transfer allows for crosstalk of cells within the hematopoietic system and for interactions between hematopoietic cells and local or distant tissue cells. Exosomes carry physiological signals essential for health and participate in pathological processes, including malignant transformation. (Source: Blood Reviews)
Source: Blood Reviews - January 30, 2015 Category: Hematology Authors: Michael Boyiadzis, Theresa L. Whiteside Tags: Review Source Type: research
The cancer glycome: Carbohydrates as mediators of metastasis
Glycosylation is a frequent post-translational modification which results in the addition of carbohydrate determinants, “glycans”, to cell surface proteins and lipids. These glycan structures form the “glycome” and play an integral role in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions through modulation of adhesion and cell trafficking.Glycosylation is increasingly recognized as a modulator of the malignant phenotype of cancer cells, where the interaction between cells and the tumor micro-environment is altered to facilitate processes such as drug resistance and metastasis. (Source: Blood Reviews)
Source: Blood Reviews - January 23, 2015 Category: Hematology Authors: Siobhan V. Glavey, Daisy Huynh, Michaela R. Reagan, Salomon Manier, Michele Moschetta, Yawara Kawano, Aldo M. Roccaro, Irene M. Ghobrial, Lokesh Joshi, Michael E. O’Dwyer Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
An ctive future for differentiation therapy in AML
The success of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) therapy in acute promeylocytic leukemia (APL) has spawned numerous attempts to translate the paradigm of differentiation therapy to non-APL acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). However, the results of clinical trials have been overall disappointing. In this review we discuss the mechanism of retinoic acid signaling and the results of major clinical trials that have attempted to incorporate ATRA into AML regimens. We discuss recent evidence that indicate that the retinoic acid signaling pathway may be dysfunctional in AML. (Source: Blood Reviews)
Source: Blood Reviews - January 21, 2015 Category: Hematology Authors: Daniel E. Johnson, Robert L. Redner Tags: Review Source Type: research
Damage Control Resuscitation
The early recognition and management of hemorrhage shock are among the most difficult tasks challenging the clinician during primary assessment of the acutely bleeding patient. Often with little time, within a chaotic setting, and without sufficient clinical data, a decision must be reached to begin transfusion of blood components in massive amounts. The practice of massive transfusion has advanced considerably and is now a more complete and, arguably, more effective process. This new therapeutic paradigm, referred to as damage control resuscitation (DCR), differs considerably in many important respects from previous manag...
Source: Blood Reviews - January 17, 2015 Category: Hematology Authors: Timothy H. Pohlman, Mark Walsh, John Aversa, Emily M. Hutchison, Kristen P. Olsen, R. Lawrence Reed Tags: Review Source Type: research
Pharmacogenetics predictive of response and toxicity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a relatively rare disease in adults accounting for no more than 20% of all cases of acute leukemia. By contrast with the pediatric population, in whom significant improvements in long term survival and even cure have been achieved over the last 30years, adult ALL remains a significant challenge. Overall survival in this group remains a relatively poor 20-40%. Modern research has focused on improved pharmacokinetics, novel pharmacogenetics and personalized principles to optimize the efficacy of the treatment while reducing toxicity. (Source: Blood Reviews)
Source: Blood Reviews - January 10, 2015 Category: Hematology Authors: Lin Mei, Evelena P. Ontiveros, Elizabeth A. Griffiths, James E. Thompson, Eunice S. Wang, Meir Wetzler Tags: Review Source Type: research
The role of cell surfaces and cellular receptors in the mode of action of recombinant factor VIIa
Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) has been developed to treat bleeding episodes in patients with inhibitor-complicated hemophilia. More recently, it has become apparent that rFVIIa is also useful in a prophylactic setting, although its prophylactic effect with a once-daily administration is difficult to explain given its half life of ~2h. The prohemostatic effects of rFVIIa have been ascribed to enhancement of thrombin generation and various downstream effects thereof. There is an ongoing debate on the tissue factor-dependency of rFVIIa, but accumulating evidence is in favor of a TF-independent mechanism. (Source: Blood Reviews)
Source: Blood Reviews - December 22, 2014 Category: Hematology Authors: Ton Lisman, Philip G. de Groot Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Diet and haemostasis — A comprehensive overview
Dietary factors are known to influence cardiovascular disease risk. They can do so via several mechanisms, including effects on blood lipids, antioxidant status, blood pressure, body composition and also haemostasis. Dietary factors influence the haemostatic system through several pathways related to different haemostatic components namely platelets, coagulation and fibrinolysis. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the inter-relations of dietary factors with all three components of the haemostatic system. (Source: Blood Reviews)
Source: Blood Reviews - December 20, 2014 Category: Hematology Authors: Marlien Pieters, Moniek P.M. de Maat Tags: Review Source Type: research
How we will treat chronic myeloid leukemia in 2016
Imatinib will become generic in 2016; assuming that its price will decrease precipitously, we expect that the economic forces will change our current practice habits. We reviewed the literature on the current recommendations to treat chronic myeloid leukemia and highlight how we plan to deal with these changes. Specifically, we propose to better characterize patients according to prognostic scores, to allow more attention to those at high risk for disease progression, e.g., 3-month guidelines and BCR/ABL1 message half-time, emphasize compliance by using contemporary technologies, and increase the importance of early monito...
Source: Blood Reviews - December 17, 2014 Category: Hematology Authors: Chetasi Talati, Evelena P. Ontiveros, Elizabeth A. Griffiths, Eunice S. Wang, Meir Wetzler Tags: Review Source Type: research
The mystery of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): Why is it absent in Asians and what does this tell us about etiology, pathogenesis and biology?
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma is common in persons of predominately European descent but rare in Asians. Why is unknown but is likely genetically-determined. Environmental factors may also operate but are likely to be less important. When CLL occurs in Asians it has different features than CLL in persons of predominately European descent. The reason(s) for this is also not understood. We reviewed data on CLL in Asians (mostly Han Chinese but also other ethnic groups) and compared these data with those from persons of predominately European descent with CLL. (Source: Blood Reviews)
Source: Blood Reviews - December 13, 2014 Category: Hematology Authors: Shen-Miao Yang, Jian-Yong Li, Robert Peter Gale, Xiao-Jun Huang Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Mechanisms of thrombogenesis in polycythemia vera
This report provides an overview of thrombogenesis pathophysiology in patients with PV and elucidates the roles of conventional and nonconventional thrombotic risk factors. In addition to several conventional risk factors for thrombosis, clinical data have implicated increased hematocrit and red blood cell adhesiveness, activated platelets, leukocytosis, and elevated JAK2V617F allele burden in patients with PV. (Source: Blood Reviews)
Source: Blood Reviews - December 13, 2014 Category: Hematology Authors: Michael H. Kroll, Laura C. Michaelis, Srdan Verstovsek Tags: Review Source Type: research
A new paradigm: diagnosis and management of HSCT-associated thrombotic microangiopathy as multi-system endothelial injury
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is now a well-recognized and potentially severe complication of HSCT that carries a high risk of death. In those who survive, TA-TMA may be associated with long-term morbidity and chronic organ injury. Recently, there have been new insights into the incidence, pathophysiology, and management of TA-TMA. Specifically, TA-TMA can manifest as a multi-system disease occurring after various triggers of small vessel endothelial injury, leading to subsequent tissue damage in different organs. (Source: Blood Reviews)
Source: Blood Reviews - November 28, 2014 Category: Hematology Authors: Sonata Jodele, Benjamin L. Laskin, Christopher E. Dandoy, Kasiani C. Myers, Javier El-Bietar, Stella M. Davies, Jens Goebel, Bradley P. Dixon Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Short- and Long-term exercise induced alterations in haemostasis: a review of the literature
Although regular exercise is beneficial for health, exercise-related thrombotic events, such as venous thromboembolism and myocardial infarctions, are occasionally observed. These events are characterized by a prothrombotic condition in which interactions between coagulation factors, the vessel wall and the fibrinolytic system play an important role. Apparently, various durations and intensities of exercise have different effects on haemostasis and especially high intensity exercise tends to increase the risk of thrombotic events. (Source: Blood Reviews)
Source: Blood Reviews - November 6, 2014 Category: Hematology Authors: Jelle J. Posthuma, Paola E.J. van der Meijden, Hugo ten Cate, Henri M.H. Spronk Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Silencing and overexpression of human blood group antigens in transfusion: Paving the way for the next steps
In the field of transfusion, controlling expression of blood group system antigens on the surface of RBCs has been envisioned as a major research objective for five decades. With the advent of gene transfer techniques in the 1980s, genetic manipulation acquired the tools and know-how necessary to propose this goal along with other strategies. Besides the use of gene transfer to study blood group antigens and to develop tools for transfusion purposes, since the beginning of the new millennium, technological advances in combination with the recognition of the clinical potential of gene transfer have led the transfusion domai...
Source: Blood Reviews - November 6, 2014 Category: Hematology Authors: Claude Bagnis Tags: Review Source Type: research
Short-long-term exercise induced alterations in haemostasis: A review of the literature
Although regular exercise is beneficial for health, exercise-related thrombotic events, such as venous thromboembolism and myocardial infarctions, are occasionally observed. These events are characterized by a prothrombotic condition in which interactions between coagulation factors, the vessel wall and the fibrinolytic system play an important role. Apparently, various durations and intensities of exercise have different effects on haemostasis and especially high intensity exercise tends to increase the risk of thrombotic events. (Source: Blood Reviews)
Source: Blood Reviews - November 6, 2014 Category: Hematology Authors: Jelle J. Posthuma, Paola E.J. van der Meijden, Hugo ten Cate, Henri M.H. Spronk Tags: Review Source Type: research
