Recipient and donor cells in the graft-versus-solid tumor effect: It takes two to tango
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) produces –similar to the long-established graft-versus-leukemia effect– graft-versus-solid-tumor effects. Clinical trials reported response rates of up to 53%, occurring mostly but not invariably in association with full donor chimerism and/or graft-versus-host disease. Although donor-derived T cells are considered the principal effectors of anti-tumor immunity after alloHSCT or donor leukocyte infusion (DLI), growing evidence indicate that recipient-derived immune cells may also contribute. (Source: Blood Reviews)
Source: Blood Reviews - April 12, 2018 Category: Hematology Authors: Isabelle Dierckx de Casterl é, An D. Billiau, Ben Sprangers Tags: Review Source Type: research
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia from miRNA perspective: Basic concepts, experimental approaches, and potential biomarkers
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a rare, aggressive and heterogeneous malignancy originating from T-cell precursors. The mechanisms of T-ALL pathogenesis related to non-protein coding part of the genome are currently intensively studied. miRNAs are short, non-coding molecules acting as negative regulators of gene expression which shape phenotype of cells in a complex and context-specific manner. miRNAs may act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors; several miRNAs have been related to drug resistance and treatment response in various malignancies. (Source: Blood Reviews)
Source: Blood Reviews - April 12, 2018 Category: Hematology Authors: Monika Drobna, Bronis ława Szarzyńska-Zawadzka, Małgorzata Dawidowska Tags: Review Source Type: research
Recipient and donor cells in the graft-versus-solid tumor effect: It takes two to tango
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) produces –similar to the long-established graft-versus-leukemia effect– graft-versus-solid-tumor effects. Clinical trials reported response rates of up to 53%, occurring mostly but not invariably in association with full donor chimerism and/or graft-versus-host disease. Although donor-derived T cells are considered the principal effectors of anti-tumor immunity after alloHSCT or donor leukocyte infusion (DLI), growing evidence indicate that recipient-derived immune cells may also contribute. (Source: Blood Reviews)
Source: Blood Reviews - April 12, 2018 Category: Hematology Authors: Isabelle Dierckx de Casterl é, An D. Billiau, Ben Sprangers Tags: Review Source Type: research
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia from miRNA perspective: Basic concepts, experimental approaches, and potential biomarkers
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a rare, aggressive and heterogeneous malignancy originating from T-cell precursors. The mechanisms of T-ALL pathogenesis related to non-protein coding part of the genome are currently intensively studied. miRNAs are short, non-coding molecules acting as negative regulators of gene expression which shape phenotype of cells in a complex and context-specific manner. miRNAs may act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors; several miRNAs have been related to drug resistance and treatment response in various malignancies. (Source: Blood Reviews)
Source: Blood Reviews - April 12, 2018 Category: Hematology Authors: Monika Drobna, Bronis ława Szarzyńska-Zawadzka, Małgorzata Dawidowska Tags: Review Source Type: research
Plasma contact factors as therapeutic targets
Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) are small molecule inhibitors of the coagulation proteases thrombin and factor Xa that demonstrate comparable efficacy to warfarin for several common indications, while causing less serious bleeding. However, because their targets are required for the normal host-response to bleeding (hemostasis), DOACs are associated with therapy-induced bleeding that limits their use in certain patient populations and clinical situations. The plasma contact factors (factor XII, factor XI, and prekallikrein) initiate blood coagulation in the activated partial thromboplastin time assay. (Source: Blood Reviews)
Source: Blood Reviews - April 11, 2018 Category: Hematology Authors: Benjamin F. Tillman, Andras Gruber, Owen J.T. McCarty, David Gailani Tags: Review Source Type: research
The roles of JAK2 in DNA damage and repair in the myeloproliferative neoplasms: Opportunities for targeted therapy
The JAK2V617F-positive myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) serve as an excellent model for the study of genomic instability accumulation during cancer progression. Recent studies highlight the implication of JAK2 activating mutations in the development of DNA damage via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, replication stress induction and the accumulation of genomic instability via the increased degradation of p53 and acquisition of a “mutagenic” phenotype. The accumulation of genomic instability and acquisition of mutations in critical DNA damage repair (DDR) mediators appears to be implicated in the progression o...
Source: Blood Reviews - March 30, 2018 Category: Hematology Authors: Theodoros Karantanos, Alison R. Moliterno Tags: Review Source Type: research
The roles of JAK2 in DNA damage and repair in the myeloproliferative neoplasms: Opportunities for targeted therapy
The JAK2V617F-positive myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) serve as an excellent model for the study genomic instability accumulation during cancer progression. Recent studies highlight the implication of JAK2 activating mutations in the development of DNA damage via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, replication stress induction and the accumulation of genomic instability via the increased degradation of p53 and acquisition of a “mutagenic” phenotype. The accumulation of genomic instability and acquisition of mutations in critical DNA damage repair (DDR) mediators appears to be implicated in the progression of J...
Source: Blood Reviews - March 30, 2018 Category: Hematology Authors: Theodoros Karantanos, Alison R. Moliterno Tags: Review Source Type: research
Time to repeal and replace response criteria for acute myeloid leukemia?
The International Working Group (IWG) response criteria for acute myeloid leukemia, published in 2003, have remained the standard by which the efficacy of new drugs is measured in clinical trials. Over the last decade, concepts related to treatment response have been challenged by several factors; for example, the dissociation between early clinical response and survival outcome in older patients, the recognition that epigenetic and newer differentiating-agent therapies may produce delayed responses and also hematologic improvement/transfusion independence without a morphologic response, and evidence that remissions withou...
Source: Blood Reviews - March 26, 2018 Category: Hematology Authors: Clara Derber Bloomfield, Eli Estey, Lisa Pleyer, Andre C. Schuh, Eytan M. Stein, Martin Tallman, Andrew Wei Tags: Review Source Type: research
Prognostication of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the molecular era: moving beyond the IPI
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous disease with variable outcomes. Despite the majority of patients being cured with combination chemoimmunotherapy, up to 30% eventually succumb to the disease. Until recently, baseline prognostic assessment has centred on the International Prognostic Index (IPI), although this index is yet to impact strongly on treatment choice. Molecular features such as cell of origin, MYC and BCL-2 genetic alterations and protein overexpression were identified over a decade ago, yet their prognostic value is still not fully elucidated. (Source: Blood Reviews)
Source: Blood Reviews - March 26, 2018 Category: Hematology Authors: Joel C. Wight, Geoffrey Chong, Andrew P. Grigg, Eliza A. Hawkes Tags: Review Source Type: research
Time to repeal and replace response criteria for acute myeloid leukemia?
The International Working Group (IWG) response criteria for acute myeloid leukemia, published in 2003, have remained the standard by which the efficacy of new drugs is measured in clinical trials. Over the last decade, concepts related to treatment response have been challenged by several factors; for example, the dissociation between early clinical response and survival outcome in older patients, the recognition that epigenetic and newer differentiating-agent therapies may produce delayed responses and also hematologic improvement/transfusion independence without a morphologic response, and evidence that remissions withou...
Source: Blood Reviews - March 26, 2018 Category: Hematology Authors: Clara Derber Bloomfield, Eli Estey, Lisa Pleyer, Andre C. Schuh, Eytan M. Stein, Martin Tallman, Andrew Wei Tags: Review Source Type: research
Prognostication of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the molecular era: moving beyond the IPI
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous disease with variable outcomes. Despite the majority of patients being cured with combination chemoimmunotherapy, up to 30% eventually succumb to the disease. Until recently, baseline prognostic assessment has centred on the International Prognostic Index (IPI), although this index is yet to impact strongly on treatment choice. Molecular features such as cell of origin, MYC and BCL-2 genetic alterations and protein overexpression were identified over a decade ago, yet their prognostic value is still not fully elucidated. (Source: Blood Reviews)
Source: Blood Reviews - March 26, 2018 Category: Hematology Authors: Joel C. Wight, Geoffrey Chong, Andrew P. Grigg, Eliza A. Hawkes Tags: Review Source Type: research
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and infection risk in the era of targeted therapies: Linking mechanisms with infections
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult leukemia in the world. Patient with CLL are at particular risk for infections due to inherent disease-related immune dysfunction in addition to the effect of certain systemic therapies on the immune system. The advent of B-cell receptor (BCR) inhibitors such as ibrutinib and idelalisib has led to a practice change that utilizes these targeted agents in the treatment of CLL, either in place of chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) or in later line settings. (Source: Blood Reviews)
Source: Blood Reviews - March 16, 2018 Category: Hematology Authors: Talal Hilal, Juan C. Gea Banacloche, Jose F. Leis Tags: Review Source Type: research
The possible role of maintenance treatment for primary central nervous system lymphoma
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare and aggressive brain tumor. The prognosis is poor, with high rates of relapse and disease progression after treatment. In addition, PCNSL affects a largely older population, so that a significant proportion of patients are ineligible for intensive therapies and high-dose chemotherapy. The elderly patients are also susceptible to the accelerated and detrimental cognitive side effects of whole-brain irradiation which is an alternative consolidation to high-dose chemotherapy. (Source: Blood Reviews)
Source: Blood Reviews - March 11, 2018 Category: Hematology Authors: Osnat Bairey, Tali Siegal Tags: Review Source Type: research
