Best Practice and Research. Clinical Gastroenterology 
This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.
This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Action and function of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in health and disease
Publication date: December 2017Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, Volume 31, Issue 6Author(s): Carmen Veríssima Ferreira-Halder, Alessandra Valéria de Sousa Faria, Sheila Siqueira AndradeAbstractFaecalibacterium prausnitzii, anaerobic bacteria, is one of the main components of gut microbiota and the most important butyrate-producing bacteria in the human colon. So far, this commensal bacterium has been considered as a bioindicator of human health, once when its population is altered (decreased), inflammatory processes are favored. Several reports in the literature highlighted that the amount of F...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - July 5, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Action and function of Chromobacterium violaceum in health and disease: Violacein as a promising metabolite to counteract gastroenterological diseases
Publication date: December 2017Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, Volume 31, Issue 6Author(s): Giselle Zenker Justo, Nelson DuránAbstractChromobacterium violaceum is a Gram negative, β-proteobacterium found in the microbiota of tropical and subtropical environments. Although considered an opportunistic pathogen, infection rapidly progress to fatal sepsis, with metastatic abscesses. It is noteworthy the multidrug resistant phenotype of C. violaceum and the possibility of relapse. Recently, an influence of global climate in the incidence of cases beyond the previous areas has been observed. Furthe...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - July 5, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
NAFLD, Helicobacter species and the intestinal microbiome
Publication date: December 2017Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, Volume 31, Issue 6Author(s): Natalia Castaño-Rodríguez, Hazel M. Mitchell, Nadeem O. KaakoushAbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. It is well-accepted that gut dysbiosis is associated with NAFLD, however, there is some conflicting evidence regarding the nature of these alterations. Infection with Helicobacter species, mainly H. pylori, has also been associated with increased NAFLD risk, however, some studies have failed to reproduce this finding. Further studi...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - July 5, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Intestinal microbiome and permeability in patients with autoimmune hepatitis
Publication date: December 2017Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, Volume 31, Issue 6Author(s): Wangfeng Cai, Ying Ran, Yanni Li, Bangmao Wang, Lu ZhouAbstractAutoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a severe inflammatory liver disease. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear, but recent studies provided new perspectives on altered intestinal microbiome and permeability in AIH animal models and patients, highlighting gut-liver crosstalk in the pathogenesis of AIH. Transgenic AIH mice carrying HLA-DR3 showed reduced diversity and total load of gut microbiota. Germ-free mice are resistant to concanavalin A-indu...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - July 5, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Microbiome, pattern recognition receptor function in health and inflammation
Publication date: December 2017Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, Volume 31, Issue 6Author(s): David Fawkner-Corbett, Alison Simmons, Kaushal ParikhAbstractThe innate immune system plays an important role in shaping the microbiota into configurations that are tolerated and beneficial to the host, thereby playing a crucial role in human health. Innate immunity is based on the fundamental principle that Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) recognise pathogen associated molecular patterns as non-self-entities and trigger intracellular signalling pathways that lead to the induction of numerous cytokine...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - July 5, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Diet, microbiome, and colorectal cancer
Publication date: December 2017Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, Volume 31, Issue 6Author(s): Sergey R. KonstantinovAbstractThe scientific interests in the colorectal cancer (CRC) associated microbiome have increased significantly in the past decade. Mechanistically, several members of the human microbiome and products thereof have been implicated as inductors of the pathogenic inflammation related to CRC. Conversely, the activities of the human intestinal microbial community influenced by specific diet might confer a protective effect against the CRC risks and progression. As the microbiome is bo...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - July 5, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Should we use vedolizumab as mono or combo therapy in ulcerative colitis?
Publication date: Available online 12 May 2018Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical GastroenterologyAuthor(s): Charlotte Hedin, Jonas HalfvarsonAbstractRandomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of vedolizumab monotherapy with combination therapy of vedolizumab and an immunomodulator in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are lacking. Emerging pharmacokinetic data indicate that vedolizumab concentrations correlate with clinical outcomes, although the correlation may be less strong for vedolizumab compared with an anti-TNF agents. Associations between concomitant use of immunomodulators and decreased immunoge...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - July 5, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Which evidence for a treat to target strategy in ulcerative colitis?
Publication date: Available online 12 May 2018Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical GastroenterologyAuthor(s): Aude Marchal BressenotAbstractThe main therapeutic goal of in ulcerative colitis is to maintain disease remission. The new concept of deep remission implies also a complete mucosal healing. Histological assessment of disease in UC seems to be an important prognostic factor to predict disease outcome. In this article we review current definitions of mucosal healing, histological healing, histological remission and available histological scores assessing histological activity of disease in ulcerative colitis. Co...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - July 5, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Should we use anti-tumor necrosis factor agents or vedolizumab as first-line biological therapy in ulcerative colitis?
Publication date: Available online 12 May 2018Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical GastroenterologyAuthor(s): Lieven Pouillon, Johan Van Stappen, Peter Bossuyt, Silvio Danese, Laurent Peyrin-BirouletAbstractRandomized controlled trials with direct comparisons between the different available biological agents in ulcerative colitis are lacking. The comparative efficacy, safety and tolerability, patient profile, patient preference and costs should be taken into account when choosing an appropriate first-line biological. Tumor necrosis factor antagonists have a systemic mode of action, while vedolizumab is mainly gut-sele...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - July 5, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Acute severe ulcerative colitis: State of the art treatment
Publication date: Available online 12 May 2018Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical GastroenterologyAuthor(s): Javier P. Gisbert, María ChaparroAbstractAcute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) is a potentially life-threatening condition. In the present review, we give a broad overview of the state of the art in the management of this condition. A systematic bibliographic search was performed in PubMed. Patient with ASUC should be hospitalized and managed by a multidisciplinary team (gastroenterologist plus surgeon). Intravenous corticosteroids remain the cornerstone of medical therapy. However, about 30% of patients do ...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - July 5, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Geoepidemiology and (epi-)genetics in primary biliary cholangitis
Publication date: Available online 16 May 2018Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical GastroenterologyAuthor(s): Rosa Roberto, Cristoferi Laura, Tanaka Atsushi, Invernizzi PietroAbstractPrimary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a rare female preponderant chronic autoimmune cholestatic liver disease, characterized by intrahepatic ductopenia and progressive fibrosis. During last decades incidence and prevalence showed an increasing rate which vary widely worldwide demonstrating an important interaction between environmental and genetic factors. Heritability suggested by familial occurrence and monozygotic twins concordance have...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - July 5, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
The risk of cancer in ulcerative colitis: Can we prevent it?
Publication date: Available online 16 May 2018Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical GastroenterologyAuthor(s): Anthony Lopez, Lieven Pouillon, Laurent Beaugerie, Silvio Danese, Laurent Peyrin-BirouletAbstractUlcerative colitis is characterized by chronic inflammation, which may lead to the accumulation of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines within the colonic mucosa, and thus to dysplastic lesions and cancer. Although the trend is decreasing, ulcerative colitis patients still have a 2.4 fold higher risk of colorectal cancer compared to the general population. The key task is to control colonic inflammation, and a...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - July 5, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Refractory ulcerative proctitis: How to treat it?
Publication date: Available online 18 May 2018Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical GastroenterologyAuthor(s): Guillaume Pineton de Chambrun, Barbara Tassy, Laura Kollen, Gaspard Dufour, Jean-Christophe Valats, Michael Bismuth, Natalie Funakoshi, Fabrizio Panaro, Pierre BlancAbstractUlcerative proctitis is defined as a mucosal inflammation limited to the rectum. Ulcerative proctitis is responsible for distressing symptoms and alteration of patient quality of life. Effective treatment is important to prevent or delay proximal extension of the disease and to improve quality of life. Refractory ulcerative proctitis is def...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - July 5, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
PBC and related extrahepatic diseases
Publication date: Available online 23 May 2018Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical GastroenterologyAuthor(s): Floreani Annarosa, Cazzagon NoraAbstractPatients with PBC have at least 60% of probability to have an autoimmune extrahepatic condition. The pathogenesis of these conditions includes a common mechanism involving both innate and adaptive immune responses targeting cholangiocytes and different extrahepatic tissues. The recent EASL guidelines recommend the management of these conditions, although detailed practical treatments have not been indicated. Autoimmune extrahepatic conditions may include: rheumatologic, ...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - July 5, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
JAK inhibitors: Novel developments in management of ulcerative colitis
Publication date: Available online 23 May 2018Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical GastroenterologyAuthor(s): Gionata Fiorino, Ferdinando D'Amico, Angelo Italia, Daniela Gilardi, Federica Furfaro, Silvio DaneseAbstractJanus kinase inhibitors are small molecules, orally administered, under development for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. These molecules reduce the immune response, blocking the signal transduction of multiple cytokines implicated in the activation of inflammation. Currently multiple JAK inhibitors are being evaluated in clinical trials. The aim of this review is to examine the efficacy and the safet...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - July 5, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
