Best Practice and Research. Clinical Gastroenterology 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Microbiome, pattern recognition receptor function in health and inflammation
Publication date: Available online 21 November 2017 Source:Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology Author(s): David Fawkner-Corbett, Alison Simmons, Kaushal Parikh The innate immune system plays an important role in shaping the microbiota into configurations that are tolerated and beneficial to the host, thereby playing a crucial role in human health. Innate immunity is based on the fundamental principle that Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) recognise pathogen associated molecular patterns as non-self-entities and trigger intracellular signalling pathways that lead to the induction of numerous c...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - December 3, 2017 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Alcohol, smoking and the risk of premalignant and malignant colorectal neoplasms
Publication date: Available online 11 November 2017 Source:Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology Author(s): Ifewumi O. Fagunwa, Maurice B. Loughrey, Helen G. Coleman Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and has a complex aetiology consisting of environmental and genetic factors. In this review, we evaluate the roles of alcohol and tobacco smoking in colorectal neoplasia. Alcohol intake and tobacco smoking are associated with modest, but significantly, increased risks of CRC, adenomatous and serrated polyps. There is consistent evidence of dose-response relationships fo...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - November 11, 2017 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Impact of alcohol & amp; smoking on the surgical management of gastrointestinal patients
Publication date: Available online 10 November 2017 Source:Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology Author(s): Niall D. Kennedy, Des C. Winter Alcohol and smoking are repeatedly described as modifiable risk factors in clinical studies across all surgical specialities. These lifestyle choices impart a sub-optimal physiology via multiple processes and play an important role in the surgical management of the gastrointestinal patient. Cessation is imperative to optimise the patient's fitness for surgery with surgery itself being a prime opportunity for sustained cessation. A consistent, planned and integr...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - November 10, 2017 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Preface to “Gut microbiome in health and disease”
Publication date: Available online 4 November 2017 Source:Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology Author(s): Maikel P. Peppelenbosch (Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology)
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - November 5, 2017 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Microbiome measurement: Possibilities and pitfalls
Publication date: Available online 31 October 2017 Source:Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology Author(s): Djawad Radjabzadeh, André G. Uitterlinden, Robert Kraaij Microbiome research is an emerging field in medical sciences. Several studies have made headways in understanding the influence of microbes on our health and disease states. Further progress in mapping microbiome populations across different body sites and understanding the underlying mechanisms of microbiome-host interactions depends critically on study design, collection protocols, analytical genetic techniques, and reference databas...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - November 1, 2017 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Action and function of Chromobacterium violaceum in health and disease: Violacein as a promising metabolite to counteract gastroenterological diseases
Publication date: Available online 12 October 2017 Source:Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology Author(s): Giselle Zenker Justo, Nelson Durán Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram negative, β-proteobacterium found in the microbiota of tropical and subtropical environments. Although considered an opportunistic pathogen, infection rapidly progress to fatal sepsis, with metastatic abscesses. It is noteworthy the multidrug resistant phenotype of C. violaceum and the possibility of relapse. Recently, an influence of global climate in the incidence of cases beyond the previous areas has been observed. F...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - October 27, 2017 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
The role of smoking and alcohol behaviour in the management of inflammatory bowel disease
Publication date: Available online 21 October 2017 Source:Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology Author(s): Mais Khasawneh, Andrew D. Spence, Jennifer Addley, Patrick B. Allen In the era of increasing use of immunosuppressive and biologic therapy for inflammatory bowel disease, environmental influences remain important independent risk factors to modify the course of the disease, affect the need for surgery and recurrence rates post-surgical resection. The effect of smoking on inflammatory bowel disease has been established over the decades, however the exact mechanism of how smoking affects remai...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - October 27, 2017 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
The interaction between smoking, alcohol and the gut microbiome
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2017 Source:Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology Author(s): Gabriele Capurso, Edith Lahner The gastrointestinal microbiome is a complex echosystem that establishes a symbiotic, mutually beneficial relation with the host, being rather stable in health, but affected by age, drugs, diet, alcohol, and smoking. Alcohol and smoking contribute to changes in the stomach and affect H pylori-related disorders including the risk of gastric cancer. In the small intestine and in the colon alcohol causes depletion of bacteria with anti-inflammatory activity, eventua...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - October 27, 2017 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Action and function of Akkermansia muciniphila in microbiome ecology, health and disease
Publication date: Available online 13 October 2017 Source:Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology Author(s): Noora Ottman, Sharon Y. Geerlings, Steven Aalvink, Willem M. de Vos, Clara Belzer The discovery of Akkermansia muciniphila has opened new avenues for the use of this abundant intestinal symbiont in next generation therapeutic products, as well as targeting microbiota dynamics. A. muciniphila is known to colonize the mucosal layer of the human intestine where it triggers both host metabolic and immune responses. A. muciniphila is particularly effective in increasing mucus thickness and incre...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - October 13, 2017 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Action and function of Chromobacterium violaceum in health and disease
Publication date: Available online 12 October 2017 Source:Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology Author(s): Giselle Zenker Justo, Nelson Durán Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram negative, β-proteobacterium found in the microbiota of tropical and subtropical environments. Although considered an opportunistic pathogen, infection rapidly progress to fatal sepsis, with metastatic abscesses. It is noteworthy the multidrug resistant phenotype of C. violaceum and the possibility of relapse. Recently, an influence of global climate in the incidence of cases beyond the previous areas has been observed. Fu...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - October 12, 2017 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Alcohol, smoking and the GI tract
Publication date: Available online 12 October 2017 Source:Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology Author(s): Stephen McCain, Helen G. Coleman (Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology)
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - October 12, 2017 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Intervening in disease through genetically-modified bacteria
Publication date: Available online 25 September 2017 Source:Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology Author(s): Adilson K. Ferreira, Lisley I. Mambelli, Saravanan Y. Pillai The comprehension of the molecular basis of different diseases is rapidly escalating due to technological approaches. Consequently, proteins which could possibly be used in therapeutics, including cytokines and signaling molecules have been identified in the last decades. However, there are some disadvantages regarding functional and economic considerations of the clinical use of these discovered proteins. One of the most importan...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - September 25, 2017 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Do smoking and alcohol behaviours influence GI cancer survival?
Publication date: Available online 23 September 2017 Source:Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology Author(s): Úna C. McMenamin, Stephen McCain, Andrew T. Kunzmann Little is known about the role of alcohol and smoking in GI cancer survival compared to GI cancer development. We systematically reviewed the evidence for a role of smoking and alcohol in prognosis among GI cancer patients and inform whether smoking or alcohol cessation interventions or guidelines for GI cancer patients are likely to improve prognosis. A total of 84 relevant studies were identified. Continued smokers, particularly heavy ...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - September 24, 2017 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Key role of local acetaldehyde in upper GI tract carcinogenesis
Publication date: Available online 23 September 2017 Source:Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology Author(s): Mikko Salaspuro Ethanol is neither genotoxic nor mutagenic. Its first metabolite acetaldehyde, however, is a powerful local carcinogen. Point mutation in ALDH2 gene proves the causal relationship between acetaldehyde and upper digestive tract cancer in humans. Salivary acetaldehyde concentration and exposure time are the two major and quantifiable factors regulating the degree of local acetaldehyde exposure in the ideal target organ, oropharynx. Instant microbial acetaldehyde formation from a...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - September 24, 2017 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Intestinal microbiome and permeability in patients with autoimmune hepatitis
Publication date: Available online 18 September 2017 Source:Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology Author(s): Wangfeng Cai, Ying Ran, Yanni Li, Bangmao Wang, Lu Zhou Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a severe inflammatory liver disease. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear, but recent studies provided new perspectives on altered intestinal microbiome and permeability in AIH animal models and patients, highlighting gut-liver crosstalk in the pathogenesis of AIH. Transgenic AIH mice carrying HLA-DR3 showed reduced diversity and total load of gut microbiota. Germ-free mice are resistant to concanava...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology - September 19, 2017 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
