Effects of therapy balls on children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Therapy balls are air‐filled rubber balls ranging from 20 to 30 in. in diameter that are sometimes used in place of traditional 4‐legged chairs in classrooms. Unfortunately, research on the effects of therapy balls as chairs is limited. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of therapy balls on the on‐task behavior and academic performance of elementary students diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. An alternating treatments design was implemented with 4 students from the 3rd and 4th grades comparing therapy ball seating to traditional classroom chairs. No effect of the therapy balls was foun...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - July 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Abbie C. Taipalus, Michael D. Hixson, Sandra K. Kanouse, Robert D. Wyse, Sophie Fursa Tags: BRIEF REPORT Source Type: research
A comparison of existing and novel communication responses used during functional communication training
This study compared the effects of reinforcing an existing and novel communicative response during FCT on the rate of problem behavior for two children diagnosed with autism. Additionally, we assessed preference for either the existing or novel response using a concurrent schedules arrangement. The results demonstrated that the existing and novel communication responses were associated with low levels of problem behavior for both participants. Also, both participants preferred the novel response. We conclude with a discussion of practical applications of the analysis and avenues for future research. (Source: Behavioral Interventions)
Source: Behavioral Interventions - June 7, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ashley L. Matter, Jennifer R. Zarcone Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Using differential reinforcement of a discard response to treat pica
This study involved the use of differential reinforcement of alternative behavior, with a discard response as the alternative behavior, to treat pica presented by a 13‐year‐old girl with an autism spectrum disorder. We extended previous research by thinning the schedule of reinforcement for the alternative response. Substantial reductions in pica were obtained. Limitations and future directions in the treatment of pica are discussed. (Source: Behavioral Interventions)
Source: Behavioral Interventions - May 22, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sarah K. Slocum, Lindsay R. Mehrkam, Kerri P. Peters, Timothy R. Vollmer Tags: BRIEF REPORT Source Type: research
Issue Information
No abstract is available for this article. (Source: Behavioral Interventions)
Source: Behavioral Interventions - April 4, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: ISSUE INFORMATION Source Type: research
Identity matching to sample and exclusion performance in elderly with and without neurocognitive disorders
Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) affect complex processes of stimulus control, such as relational performance. The aims of this study were (a) to compare the performance of older adults with NCD with that of control older adults in generalized identity matching (GI) tests and in responding by exclusion probes and (b) to verify the effect of identity matching training on subsequent GI and exclusion tests, in older adults with NCD. Participants were 24 older adults (aged 60 to 92 years), eight without NCD (control group I [CG I]), and 16 with NCD: CG II, with accurate performance in the GI tests and the experimental group (E...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - April 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Marina Ribeiro Camara, Mariana Ducatti, Andr éia Schmidt Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
The differential outcomes effect in children with autism
In this study, the differential outcomes procedure was used to teach novel tacts of musical instrument sounds to children with autism. For one set of instruments, response‐specific reinforcers were used in combination with social reinforcement. For the other set, reinforcers were provided non‐differentially. Two out of three participants showed enhanced learning in the differential outcomes condition, providing some support of the differential outcomes procedures as a useful tool for teaching individuals with autism. Future research into the differential outcomes effect is warranted to identify the procedural and indiv...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - April 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jessica McCormack, Angela Arnold ‐Saritepe, Douglas Elliffe Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Operant discrimination training to establish praise as a reinforcer
This study aimed to utilize the operant discrimination training procedure to condition a praise statement to function as a reinforcer. Four children diagnosed with ASD participated in the study. A nonconcurrent multiple baseline design across participants was used to evaluate this emerging pairing procedure. Findings suggest that immediate effects were observed across all participants, but responding did not maintain, suggesting that reinforcing value of the praise statement diminished. (Source: Behavioral Interventions)
Source: Behavioral Interventions - April 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ashley M. Lugo, Therese L. Mathews, Melissa L. King, John C. Lamphere, Ana M. Damme Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Comparing resetting to non ‐resetting DRO procedures to reduce stereotypy in a child with autism
We compared a resetting to a non‐resetting differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) procedure to reduce stereotypy exhibited by young boy with autism. During the resetting DRO, a reinforcer was delivered contingent upon the absence of stereotypy during the DRO interval. If stereotypy occurred, the DRO interval was immediately reset. The non‐resetting DRO procedure was identical, except that contingent upon stereotypy, the DRO interval continued until it expired; a new DRO interval then began. Results indicate that the DRO procedures were equally effective to reduce stereotypy, but the participant preferred th...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - April 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Chana Gehrman, David A. Wilder, Alexander P. Forton, Kristin Albert Tags: BRIEF REPORT Source Type: research
Increasing on ‐task behavior of an adolescent with autism using momentary differential reinforcement
Compliance is often defined as the completion of a discrete task specified by a preceding instruction. However, compliance could also require the completion of a cluster of tasks, such as cleaning a room, getting ready for bed, or doing homework. We conducted this study to determine if a momentary differential reinforcement schedule would increase the on‐task behavior of an adolescent with autism. The momentary differential reinforcement involved repeated momentary supervision checks, with tokens delivered for appropriate task engagement at that moment. The participant completed math worksheets and remained on task as th...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - April 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Joshua Jessel, Einar T. Ingvarsson, Ruth Whipple, Hillary Kirk Tags: BRIEF REPORT Source Type: research
Evaluation of an informational and behavior change program to increase students' self ‐reported energy conservation
This study suggests that further research is warranted, specifically using these strategies in real‐life situations. (Source: Behavioral Interventions)
Source: Behavioral Interventions - April 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Marcie N. Desrochers, Hilary Mosher Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Using video modeling to teach siblings of children with autism how to prompt and reinforce appropriate play
This study investigated the use of video models to teach typically developing children how to prompt and reinforce appropriate play behavior during games with their sibling with autism. With 3 sibling dyads, we extended research on cooperative sibling play by examining video modeling as the sole intervention to facilitate appropriate play between siblings in the absence of specific reinforcement for skills learned in the video model. Video models included brief clips of adults playing games with the child with autism and demonstrating how to prompt and reinforce play behavior. Results indicated that for 2 of the 3 sibling ...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - April 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Elanor R. Neff, Alison M. Betz, Valdeep Saini, Elizabeth Henry Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
A simple intervention for stereotypical engagement with an augmentative alternative communicative device
Although electronic devices may enhance the effectiveness of some behavioral interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders, such devices may also give rise to problem behavior such as repetitious button pressing (i.e., object stereotypy). Results of this study showed that a child with autism spectrum disorder only displayed high levels of object stereotypy on an iPad™ when presses generated auditory output. Subsequently, results showed that when the participant used the iPad™ without auditory output, his stereotypical behavior decreased and his manding for various items simultaneously increased. (Source: Be...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - April 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jennifer L. Cook, John T. Rapp, Carla Burji, Catherine McHugh, Raluca Nuta Tags: BRIEF REPORT Source Type: research
Treatment of self ‐injurious behavior using differential punishment of high rates of behavior (DPH)
The purpose of the current investigation was to explore the effectiveness of differential punishment of high rates of behavior (DPH) to treat the severe self‐injury of a 28‐year‐old man with autism in an adult day program setting. DPH procedures involve the use of an established criterion related to a rate of responding within some time interval at which a punisher is delivered. The implementation of DPH in this study resulted in a substantial long‐term reduction of severe self‐injurious behavior. These findings are significant in that they provide a model for the design and implementation of punishment procedure...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - April 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Christopher J. Manente, Robert H. LaRue Tags: BRIEF REPORT Source Type: research
A comparison of computer ‐assisted and therapist‐led instruction for children with autism spectrum disorder
The current investigation applied a model of assessment‐based instruction to an evaluation of the efficacy and efficiency of computer‐assisted and therapist‐led instruction on skill acquisition for 3 participants with autism spectrum disorder. We also evaluated the participant's attending during instruction and the social validity of each format of instruction. The results showed that computer‐assisted instruction was most efficient for 2 of the 3 participants, although attending varied across instructional formats. In addition, the social validity of instructional formats varied across participants. (Source: Behavioral Interventions)
Source: Behavioral Interventions - February 19, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Brittany A. LeBlanc, Tiffany Kodak, Tom Cariveau, Vincent Campbell Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
An evaluation of a caregiver training protocol on the generalization and maintenance of successful pediatric feeding interventions
Previous researchers have documented the positive effects achieved by trained clinicians providing behavioral interventions for pediatric feeding disorders; however, few have evaluated the maintenance of those treatments when subsequently implemented by primary caregivers. Further, the majority of previous caregiver training research has relied on the use of multicomponent training packages making it difficult to determine which components are necessary for success. The purpose of the current investigation was to evaluate the effects of instructions and feedback on caregivers' implementation of feeding protocols in a home ...
Source: Behavioral Interventions - February 9, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Megan D. Aclan, Rachel S. Taylor Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
