Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Safety Changes in the US Vehicle Fleet since Model Year 1990, Based on NASS Data.
Authors: Eigen AM, Digges K, Samaha RR
Abstract
Based on the National Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System since the 1988-1992 model years, there has been a reduction in the MAIS 3+ injury rate and the Mean HARM for all crash modes. The largest improvement in vehicle safety has been in rollovers. There was an increase in the rollover injury rate in the 1993-1998 model year period, but a reduction since then. When comparing vehicles of the model year 1993 to 1998 with later model vehicles, the most profound difference was the reduction of rollover frequency for SUV's - down more than 20% w...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research
Impact and injury patterns in between-rails frontal crashes of vehicles with good ratings for frontal crash protection.
This study analyzed the type of object that caused the direct damage between the rails, including small tree or post, large tree or pole, and another vehicle; and found that the struck object was most often another vehicle or a large tree/pole. Both the extent of damage and the occupant compartment intrusion were explored, and suggest that 64% of the serious injuries are associated with increasing intrusion. Individual NASS cases were reviewed to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanical particulars in the between-rail crash.
PMID: 23169135 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine)
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research
Injury risk functions in frontal impacts using data from crash pulse recorders.
Authors: Stigson H, Kullgren A, Rosén E
Abstract
Knowledge of how crash severity influences injury risk in car crashes is essential in order to create a safe road transport system. Analyses of real-world crashes increase the ability to obtain such knowledge.The aim of this study was to present injury risk functions based on real-world frontal crashes where crash severity was measured with on-board crash pulse recorders.Results from 489 frontal car crashes (26 models of four car makes) with recorded acceleration-time history were analysed. Injury risk functions for restrained front seat occupants were gene...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research
Thoracolumbar spine fractures in frontal impact crashes.
The objective of this investigation was to characterize these injuries using real world crash data from the US-DOT-NHTSA NASS-CDS and CIREN databases. Thoracic and lumbar AIS vertebral body fracture codes were searched for in the two databases. The NASS database was used to characterize population trends as a function of crash year and vehicle model year. The CIREN database was used to examine a case series in more detail. From the NASS database there were 2000-4000 occupants in frontal impacts with thoracic and lumbar vertebral body fractures per crash year. There was an increasing trend in incidence rate of thoracolumbar...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research
Kinematic Comparison of the Hybrid III and Q-Series Pediatric ATDs to Pediatric Volunteers in Low-Speed Frontal Crashes.
Authors: Seacrist T, Samuels M, García-España JF, Arbogast KB, Mathews EA, Balasubramanian S, Maltese MR, Longhitano D, St Lawrence S
Abstract
Previous research has suggested that the rigid pediatric ATD spine may not adequately represent the relatively mobile, multi-segmented spine of the child and thus may lead to important differences in the head trajectory of the ATD relative to a human. Recently we compared the responses of size-matched child volunteers to the Hybrid III 6-year-old ATD in low-speed frontal sled tests, illustrating differences in head, spinal, and pelvic kinematics as well as seating...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research
Homogenization of vehicle fleet frontal crash pulses from 2000-2010.
The objective of this study was to quantify the characteristics of crash pulses for different vehicle types in the contemporary North American fleet, and delineate current trends in crash pulse evolution. NHTSA and Transport Canada crash test databases were queried for full-frontal rigid barrier crash tests of passenger vehicles model year 2000-2010 with impact angle equaling zero degrees. Acceleration-time histories were analyzed for all accelerometers attached to the vehicle structure within the occupant compartment. Custom software calculated the following crash pulse characteristics (CPCs): peak deceleration, time of p...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research
Costs of alcohol-involved crashes, United States, 2010.
Authors: Zaloshnja E, Miller TR, Blincoe LJ
Abstract
This paper estimates total and unit costs of alcohol-involved crashes in the U.S. in 2010. With methods from earlier studies, we estimated costs per crash survivor by MAIS, body part, and fracture/dislocation involvement. We multiplied them times 2010 crash incidence estimates from NHTSA data sets, with adjustments for underreporting of crashes and their alcohol involvement. The unit costs are lifetime costs discounted at 3%. To develop medical costs, we combined 2008 Health Care Utilization Program national data for hospitalizations and ED visits of cra...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research
Identifying the causes of road crashes in Europe.
Authors: Thomas P, Morris A, Talbot R, Fagerlind H
Abstract
This research applies a recently developed model of accident causation, developed to investigate industrial accidents, to a specially gathered sample of 997 crashes investigated in-depth in 6 countries. Based on the work of Hollnagel the model considers a collision to be a consequence of a breakdown in the interaction between road users, vehicles and the organisation of the traffic environment. 54% of road users experienced interpretation errors while 44% made observation errors and 37% planning errors. In contrast to other studies only 11% of dri...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research
Alcohol, drugs and driving: implications for evaluating driver impairment.
Authors: Brown T, Milavetz G, Murry DJ
Abstract
Impaired driving is a significant traffic safety problem, and alcohol and drugs taken before driving contribute substantially to this problem. With the increase in use of prescription medication and the decriminalization of some drugs, it has become increasingly important to understand the manifestation of driver impairment. Building upon previous alcohol research conducted at the National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS), this study enrolled commercial bus drivers to evaluate the effect of triazolam on driving performance to assess difference between placeb...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research
Evaluation of impaired driving assessments and special management reviews in reducing impaired driving fatal crashes in the United States.
Authors: Fell J, Auld-Owens A, Snowden C
Abstract
Since 1991, State Impaired-Driving Assessments (IDAs) and Special Management Reviews (SMRs) have been conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to serve as a mechanism to assess the impaired-driving problem in the State, document the existing system, recommend improvements, and garner both political and public support to fund and implement improvements. Did these assessments and reviews serve the States as intended and provide a catalyst to reduce impaired driving? Almost half of the priority recommendations from IDAs in seven ...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research
Commuter motorcycle crashes in Malaysia: An understanding of contributing factors.
Authors: Oxley J, Yuen J, Ravi MD, Hoareau E, Mohammed MA, Bakar H, Venkataraman S, Nair PK
Abstract
In Malaysia, two-thirds of reported workplace-related fatal and serious injury incidents are the result of commuting crashes (especially those involving motorcyclists), however, little is known about the contributing factors to these collisions. A telephone survey of 1,750 motorcyclists (1,004 adults who had been involved in a motorcycle commuting crash in the last 2 years and 746 adult motorcyclists who had not been involved in a motorcycle crash in the last 2 years) was undertaken. The contributions of a ...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research
Crash rates of quebec drivers with medical conditions.
Authors: Dow J, Gaudet M, Turmel E
Abstract
Using a databank that combines comprehensive medical data with the driving records of 96% of the drivers in Quebec, odds ratios were calculated for crash risk involving death or serious injury according to the diagnosis of medical conditions traditionally associated with increased crash risk. Results were controlled for age, sex, residence (rural/urban), possession of a professional licence (classes 1 - 4), previous involvement in a crash with injury or death and for the presence of other medical conditions. In addition, crash risk was calculated for drivers with...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research
The Relationship between Older Drivers' Performance on the Driving Observation Schedule (eDOS) and Cognitive Performance.
Authors: Koppel S, Charlton J, Langford J, Vlahodimitrakou Z, Di Stefano M, Macdonald W, Mazer B, Gelinas I, Vrkljan B, Marshall S
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION/OBJECTIVE: The Driving Observation Schedule (eDOS) was developed for use in the Candrive/Ozcandrive five-year prospective study of older drivers to observe the driving behavior of older drivers and monitor changes in driving behaviors over time. The aim of this study is to describe participants' driving performance during the eDOS driving task and investigate the association between driving performance and cognitive measures.
METHODS: A subset...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research
Adolescent Balloon Analog Risk Task and Behaviors that Influence Risk of Motor Vehicle Crash Injury.
Authors: Vaca FE, Walthall JM, Ryan S, Moriarty-Daley A, Riera A, Crowley MJ, Mayes LC
Abstract
Risk-taking propensity is a pivotal facet of motor vehicle crash involvement and subsequent traumatic injury in adolescents. Clinical encounters are important opportunities to identify teens with high risk-taking propensity who may later experience serious injury. Our objective was to compare self-reports of health risk behavior with performance on the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART), a validated metric of risk-taking propensity, in adolescents during a clinical encounter. 100 adolescent patients from a hospital...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research
The impact of state level graduated driver licensing programs on rates of passenger restraint use and unlicensed driving in fatal crashes.
The objective of this study was to assess the impact of varying state level GDL programs on rates of unlicensed driving and on passenger restraint use. De-identified data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Fatality Analysis Reporting System from years 1996-2010 was analyzed. Fatal crashes involving drivers (15-24 yrs) and their passengers (15-24 yrs) were included. Using a validated system, each state's GDL laws at a given month were rated as poor, marginal, fair, or good. The association between GDL strength and unlicensed driving was analyzed graphically and by chi-square test. Multivariate logisti...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research
