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An Evaluation of Three Driving-Under-the-Influence Courts in Georgia.
Authors: Fell JC, Tippetts AS, Ciccel JD Abstract Following the model of Drug Courts, three Georgia Driving-Under-the-Influence (DUI) Courts (established in Chatham, Clarke, and Hall Counties in 2003) were designed to address the underlying alcohol problems of repeat DUI offenders through continuous and frequent judicially supervised treatment, periodic alcohol and other drug testing, the use of graduated sanctions, and other appropriate rehabilitative services. A team comprised of a judge, court personnel, probation officials, and treatment providers met regularly to assess offender progress, and offender...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

Testing and Contrasting Road Safety Education, Deterrence, and Social Capital Theories: A Sociological Approach to the Understanding of Male Drink-Driving in Chile's Metropolitan Region.
Authors: Nazif JI Abstract Three theories offer different explanations to the understanding of male drink-driving. In order to test road safety education, deterrence, and social capital theories, logistic regression analysis was applied to predict respondents' statements of having or not having engaged in actual drink-driving (DD). Variable for road safety education theory was whether a driver had graduated from a professional driving school or not. Deterrence theory was operationalized with a variable of whether a driver had been issued a traffic ticket or not. Social capital theory was operationalized wi...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

Driving simulator performance in patients with possible and probable Alzheimer's disease.
Authors: Stein AC, Dubinsky RM Abstract Drivers with more advanced stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been previously associated with an increased rate of motor vehicle accidents. Drivers suffering from early AD are also involved in, and may even cause motor vehicle accidents with greater frequency than "normal" drivers. Consequently there is considerable public concern regarding traffic safety issues for those with AD and subsequently for society, but there has been little research in understanding whether deterioration in driving ability is progressive, or has a sudden onset once the disease has rea...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

Improving trauma triage using basic crash scene data.
CONCLUSION: Patient mobility data easily obtained at the scene of a crash allows triaging of injured patients to the appropriate facility with a high sensitivity and specificity. The addition of crash scene data to scene mobility allows further reductions on undertriaging or overtriaging. PMID: 22105408 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine)
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

Costs of crashes to government, United States, 2008.
Authors: Miller TR, Bhattacharya S, Zaloshnja E, Taylor D, Bahar G, David I Abstract We estimated how much the Federal government and state/local government pay for different kinds of crashes in the United States. Government costs include reductions in an array of public services (emergency, incident management, vocational rehabilitation, coroner court processing of liability litigation), medical payments, social safety net assistance to the injured and their families, and taxes foregone because victims miss work. Government also pays when its employees crash while working and covers fringe benefits for cr...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

Fruits of 20 years of highway safety legislative advocacy in the United States.
Authors: Miller TR, Bhattacharya S, Zaloshnja E Abstract This paper models the effects on crash fatalities and costs of 20 years of legislative actions resulting from Federal and state advocacy efforts. We catalogued road safety laws passed between 1990 and 2009 and motorcycle helmet law repeals that advocacy efforts narrowly defeated. We used NHTSA's estimates of lives saved by airbags and published estimates of the percentage reduction in related crash fatalities associated with each type of law. State by state and year by year, from the actual fatality count for the year, we modeled how many fatalities ...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

Quality-adjusted life years lost to road crash injury: updating the injury impairment index.
Authors: Spicer RS, Miller TR, Hendrie D, Blincoe LJ Abstract The Injury Impairment Index (III) has long been used internationally to estimate the quality-adjusted life year (QALY) losses associated with crash injuries. The III has major limitations, notably its lack of detailed validation, but it is widely used and estimates from it are regularly published. It is based on physician estimates of typical impairment on 6 dimensions of functioning (cognitive, mobility, bending/grasping/lifting, sensory, pain and cosmetic), supplemented with data on work-related disability. This paper reports on a literature s...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

A study of bicycle and passenger car collisions based on insurance claims data.
Authors: Isaksson-Hellman I Abstract In Sweden, bicycle crashes are under-reported in the official statistics that are based on police reports. Statistics from hospital reports show that cyclists constitute the highest percentage of severely injured road users compared to other road user groups. However, hospital reports lack detailed information about the crash. To get a more comprehensive view, additional data are needed to accurately reflect the casualty situation for cyclists.An analysis based on 438 cases of bicycle and passenger car collisions is presented, using data collected from insurance claims....
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

Pedestrian Injuries By Source: Serious and Disabling Injuries in US and European Cases.
Authors: Mallory A, Fredriksson R, Rosén E, Donnelly B Abstract US and European pedestrian crash cases were analyzed to determine frequency of injury by body region and by the vehicle component identified as the injury source. US pedestrian data was drawn from the Pedestrian Crash Data Study (PCDS). European pedestrian data was drawn from the German In-Depth Accident Study (GIDAS). Results were analyzed in terms of both serious injury (AIS 3+) and disabling injury estimated with the Functional Capacity Index (FCI). The results are presented in parallel for a more complete international perspective on inju...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

Fatal Vehicle-to-Bicyclist Crashes in Sweden - an In-Depth Study of injuries and vehicle sources.
This study indicates that bicyclists' injury sources were located more rearwardly on the car (e.g. windshield relative to hood), in comparison to injury sources in fatal vehicle-to-pedestrian crashes.If countermeasures to prevent fatal bicyclist injury in vehicle impacts were to be concentrated on mitigating head and thorax impact to the structural parts of the windshield, a dominant share of fatal bicyclist crashes could be prevented. This study shows that pedestrian countermeasures also have a potential for reducing injury in bicyclist crashes, but indicating that these countermeasures should be extended to address highe...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

An Analysis of Distance from Collision Site to Pedestrian Residence in Pedestrian versus Automobile Collisions Presenting to a Level 1 Trauma Center.
This study tests the hypothesis that most pedestrian collisions occur near victims' homes. Patients involved in automobile versus pedestrian collisions who presented to the emergency department at a Level I trauma center between January 2000 and December 2009 were included in the study. Patient demographics were obtained from the trauma registry. Home address was determined from hospital records, collision site was determined from the paramedic run sheet, and the shortest walking distance between the collision site and pedestrian residence was determined using Google Maps. We summarized distances for groups with the median...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

Young unlicensed drivers and passenger safety restraint use in u.s. Fatal crashes: concern for risk spillover effect?
Authors: Fu J, Anderson CL, Dziura JD, Crowley MJ, Vaca FE Abstract Young unlicensed drivers are more likely to be in fatal crashes and to engage in high-risk driving behaviors like impaired driving, speeding, and driving unrestrained. In a crash context, the influence of these high-risk behaviors may spillover to adversely affect passenger safety restraint use. We conducted an analysis of the Fatality Analysis Reporting System from years 1996-2008. Fatal crashes involving a driver aged 15-24 years and at least one passenger aged 15-24 years were included. Logistic regression with generalized estimating eq...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

Characteristics of interstate motorcoach carriers with elevated rates of crashes and inspection violations.
This study estimated crash and violation rates among interstate motorcoach carriers based on 2005-2011 data obtained from the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA). Motorcoach carriers with relatively high crash and violation rates were compared with those with better safety records. The principal component analysis produced three orthogonal factors that captured the majority (63 percent) of the total variance in the data set. Motorcoach carriers operating 10 or fewer motorcoaches were more likely to be classified in both the high crash rate and the high inspection and violation rates group. Those carriers wi...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

Safety challenges and oversight in the motorcoach industry: attitudes and perceptions of drivers, roadside inspectors, and federal investigators.
Authors: Braver ER, Dodd RS, Cheung I, Long LO Abstract Interstate motorcoach travel has been the fastest-growing transportation mode in recent years. To identify challenges to monitoring compliance with motorcoach safety regulations and to examine factors affecting safety, four focus groups with a total of 32 participants were conducted during 2011, one with federal safety investigators, one with state motor carrier inspectors, and two with motorcoach drivers. Investigators and inspectors expressed concern about falsified logbooks, inadequate sleep among motorcoach drivers, hazards from speeding motorcoac...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

Analysis of firetruck crashes and associated firefighter injuries in the United States.
Authors: Donoughe K, Whitestone J, Gabler HC Abstract Motor vehicle crashes are the second leading cause of death for on-duty firefighters. Firetruck crashes, occurring at a rate of approximately 30,000 crashes per year, have potentially dire consequences for the vehicle occupants and for the community if the firetruck was traveling to provide emergency services. Data from the United States Fire Administration and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration shows that firefighters neglect to buckle their seatbelts while traveling in a fire apparatus, thus putting themselves at a high risk for injuri...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research