Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Contextualizing exposures and experiences of behaviors that influence the risk of crash injury in latino adolescent males.
Authors: Vaca FE, Trevino S, Riera A, Meyer E, Anderson CL Abstract The largest proportion of mortality burden for U.S. Latino adolescent males is attributed to motor vehicle crashes. In a traffic safety context, relatively little is known about how these youth regularly interface within their own culture and how developmental factors as well as behavior choices influence their risk of crash injury. This complex sociobehavioral interface has implications for how this group perceives, interprets, and navigates the adolescent period that is coupled with passenger and driver experiences. We conducted a mixed ...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

Underreporting of driver alcohol involvement in United States police and hospital records: capture-recapture estimates.
Authors: Miller TR, Gibson R, Zaloshnja E, Blincoe LJ, Kindelberger J, Strashny A, Thomas A, Ho S, Bauer M, Sperry S, Peng J, Singleton M, Smith TJ, Zhang Y Abstract This paper analyzes what portion of US nonfatal crashes are alcohol-involved and how well police and hospitals detect involvement. A capture recapture model estimated alcohol involvement from levels detected by police and hospitals and the extent of detection overlap. We analyzed 550,933 Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System driver records from 2006-2008 police crash report censuses probabilistically linked to hospital inpatient and emergency d...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

Gender and Age Differences among Teen Drivers in Fatal Crashes.
Authors: Swedler DI, Bowman SM, Baker SP Abstract To identify age and gender differences among teen drivers in fatal crashes, we analyzed FARS data for 14,026crashes during 2007-2009. Compared with female teenagers, crashes of male teenagers were significantly more likely to involve BACs of 0.08% or more (21% vs. 12%), speeding (38% vs. 25%), reckless driving (17% vs. 14%), night driving (41% vs. 36%) and felony crashes (hit-and-run, homicide, or manslaughter) (8% vs. 6%) (all χ(2) p<0.001). Conversely, crashes of female teenagers were more likely to involve right angle ("t-bone") crashes (23% vs. 17%)...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

Predicting rib fracture risk with whole-body finite element models: development and preliminary evaluation of a probabilistic analytical framework.
This study sought to develop a strain-based probabilistic method to predict rib fracture risk with whole-body finite element (FE) models, and to describe a method to combine the results with collision exposure information to predict injury risk and potential intervention effectiveness in the field. An age-adjusted ultimate strain distribution was used to estimate local rib fracture probabilities within an FE model. These local probabilities were combined to predict injury risk and severity within the whole ribcage. The ultimate strain distribution was developed from a literature dataset of 133 tests. Frontal collision simu...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

Upper and lower neck loads in belted human surrogates in frontal impacts.
Authors: Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Moore J, Rinaldi J, Schlick M, Maiman DJ Abstract The upper and lower neck loads in the restrained Hybrid III dummy and Test Device for Human Occupant Restraint (THOR) were computed in simulated frontal impact sled tests at low, medium, and high velocities; repeatability performance of the two dummies were evaluated at all energy inputs; peak forces and moments were compared with computed loads at the occipital condyles and cervical-thoracic junctions from tests using post mortem human surrogates (PMHS). A custom sled buck was used to position the surrogates. Repeated test...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

An In-depth Study of Abdominal Injuries Sustained by Car Occupants in Frontal Crashes.
The objective of this study was to provide real world in-depth analysis of the factors related to abdominal injury for belted front and rear seat occupants in frontal crashes. Rear occupants were significantly more at risk of AIS 2+ and 3+ abdominal injury, followed by front seat passengers and then drivers. This was still the case even after controlling for occupant age. Increasing age was separately identified as a factor related to increased abdominal injury risk in all seating positions. One exception to this trend concerned rear seated 15 to 19 year olds who sustained moderate to serious abdominal injury at almost the...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

Sequential biomechanics of the human upper thoracic spine and pectoral girdle.
The objective of this study is to investigate the dynamic response of the human upper thoracic region. An original experimental/analytical approach, Isolated Segment Manipulation (ISM), is introduced to quantify the intact upper thoracic spine-pectoral girdle (UTS-PG) dynamic response of six adult post-mortem human subjects (PMHS). A continuous series of small displacement, frontal perturbations were applied to the human UTS-PG using fifteen combinations of speed and constraint per PMHS. The non-parametric response of the T1-T6 lumped mass segment was obtained using a system identification technique. A parametric mass-damp...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

A comprehensive overview of the frequency and the severity of injuries sustained by car occupants and subsequent implications in terms of injury prevention.
The objective of the paper is to give an overview of the road injuries issues in France in the 2010's by determining the frequency and the severity of injuries sustained by car occupants, and to infer the implications in terms of vehicule safety. Three types of analysis are conducted. First, we present a time series analysis at a macro statistical level showing a dramatic decrease of injured and fatally injured occupants in passenger cars compared to other modes of road transport. Secondly, we propose a descriptive statistical analysis of the injuries (frequency and severity) sustained by car occupants, by body regions, us...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

Frailty and injury causation.
CONCLUSION: : PF score, a marker of frailty, is associated with similar ISS and lower delta V and is independently linked to lower delta V thresholds for some injuries (i.e. rib fractures) but not for others (i.e. brain injuries and femur fractures). These associations suggest a potential role of frailty in injury causation. PMID: 23169127 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine)
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

Degree of urbanization and mortality from motor vehicular crashes.
CONCLUSION: : Occupants of vehicles crashing in OT (i.e., rural areas and small cities) experience a higher likelihood of dying after MVCs than those in CC and SU. Pre-hospital deaths, not hospital deaths, are responsible for this disparity. PMID: 23169128 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine)
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

Practices, attitudes and perceptions toward road safety in yerevan, republic of armenia.
CONCLUSIONS: : Although cars in Yerevan have seat belts, the majority of drivers and passengers prior to the intervention did not use them. Knowledge and use of child restraints was poor. The follow-up survey conducted after an enforcement campaign was underway in Yerevan showed that improved enforcement greatly increased awareness and compliance with current legislation. This study provides vital baseline information for the formulation of future policy. It also highlights the need for a multi-dimensional road traffic safety initiative through public educational campaigns, enforcement of current laws, and development of n...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

Factors affecting ejection risk in rollover crashes.
Authors: Funk JR, Cormier JM, Bain CE, Wirth JL, Bonugli EB, Watson RA Abstract Ejection greatly increases the risk of injury and fatality in a rollover crash. The purpose of this study was to determine the crash, vehicle, and occupant characteristics that affect the risk of ejection in rollovers. Information from real world rollover crashes occurring from 2000 - 2010 was obtained from the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) in order to analyze the effect of the following parameters on ejection risk: seatbelt use, rollover severity, vehicle type, seating position, roof crush, side curtain airbag dep...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

Differences in thoracic injury causation patterns between seat belt restrained children and adults.
The objective of this research was to delineate age-based differences in specific thoracic injury diagnoses for seat belt restrained rear seat occupants and describe the associated injury causation in order to provide insight into how the load of the seat belt is transferred to occupants of various sizes. Using data from the Crash Investigation Research and Engineering Network (CIREN), 20 cases of rear seated, lap and shoulder belt restrained occupants with AIS2+ thoracic injuries in frontal crashes were reviewed. Seven were children and adolescents age 8-15 years, 5 were 16-24 years, 3 were 25-54 years, and 5 were 55+ yea...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

Influence of injury risk thresholds on the performance of an algorithm to predict crashes with serious injuries.
Authors: Bahouth G, Digges K, Schulman C Abstract This paper presents methods to estimate crash injury risk based on crash characteristics captured by some passenger vehicles equipped with Advanced Automatic Crash Notification technology. The resulting injury risk estimates could be used within an algorithm to optimize rescue care. Regression analysis was applied to the National Automotive Sampling System / Crashworthiness Data System (NASS/CDS) to determine how variations in a specific injury risk threshold would influence the accuracy of predicting crashes with serious injuries. The recommended threshold...
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research

The effect of a low-speed automatic brake system estimated from real life data.
In this study, the effect of City Safety, a standard feature on the Volvo XC60 model, is calculated based on insurance claims data from cars in real traffic crashes in Sweden. The estimated claim frequency of rear-end frontal collisions measured in claims per 1,000 insured vehicle years was 23% lower for the City Safety equipped XC60 model than for other Volvo models without the system. PMID: 23169133 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine)
Source: Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ann Adv Automot Med Source Type: research