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Retrospective study (2009-2014) perineal hernias and related comorbidities in bitches
Retrospective study based on data extracted from medical records of dogs diagnosed with perineal hernia between 2009 and 2014; medical records of bitches were selected for further analysis to determine the prevalence of perineal hernias in bitches and to investigate potential comorbidities. Perineal hernia was diagnosed in 182 dogs (174 males and 8 females; 96% and 4% respectively). Surgical correction was performed in six bitches. Surgical procedures corresponded to internal obturator muscle transposition with or without polypropylene mesh reinforcement (n=5) and semitendinosus muscle transposition flap (n=1). (Source: To...
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - November 13, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Ayne Murata Hayashi, Sandra Aparecida Rosner, Thais Cristine Alves de Assump ção, Angelo João Stopiglia, Julia Maria Matera Source Type: research

SNAP Tests for Pancreatitis in Dogs and Cats: SNAP Canine Pancreatic Lipase and SNAP Feline Pancreatic Lipase
A clinical diagnosis of pancreatitis in dogs and cats can be challenging. Several diagnostic modalities have been evaluated over the years for the diagnosis of canine and feline pancreatitis, but most of these modalities have been shown to be of limited clinical use because of poor performance, limited availability, or because they are invasive, or all of these. Assays for the measurement of pancreatic lipase (PL) immunoreactivity [Specific canine PL (Spec cPL) in dogs and Specific feline PL (Spec fPL) in cats] were first developed approximately 15 years ago, and studies have shown that they are currently the serum tests o...
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - October 30, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Panagiotis G. Xenoulis, J örg M. Steiner Tags: Review article Source Type: research

Routine Screening Examinations in Attendance of Cats With Obstructive Lower Urinary Tract Disease
This study evaluates the clinical findings obtained in routine screening examinations in cats with obstructive feline lower urinary tract disease at the time of service. Twenty-six cats with urethral obstruction were assessed by physical examination, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, and laboratory tests. Cats with signs of obstruction less than 36 hours before the service were in a state of alert, with body temperature and heart rate higher compared with cats in lethargy and stupor, obstructed up to 36 hours. (Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine)
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - October 30, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Amanda Marin Neri, Luiz Henrique de Ara újo Machado, Priscylla Tatiana Chalfun Guimarães Okamoto, Maurício Gianfrancesco Filippi, Regina Kiomi Takahira, Alessandra Melchert, Maria Lúcia Gomes Lourenço Tags: Topical Review Source Type: research

SNAP Tests for Pancreatitis in Dogs and Cats: SNAP cPL and SNAP fPL
A clinical diagnosis of pancreatitis in dogs and cats can be challenging. Several diagnostic modalities have been evaluated over the years for the diagnosis of canine and feline pancreatitis, but the majority of these modalities have been shown to be of limited clinical usefulness because of poor performance, limited availability, and/or because they are invasive. Assays for the measurement of pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (Spec cPL in dogs and Spec fPL in cats) were first developed about 15 years ago, and studies have shown that they are currently the serum tests of choice for the evaluation of canine and feline pati...
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - October 30, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Panagiotis G. Xenoulis, J örg M. Steiner Source Type: research

Routine Screening Exams in Attendance of Cats with Obstructive lower urinary tract disease
This study evaluates the clinical findings obtained in routine screening exams in cats with obstructive feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) at the time of service. Twenty-six cats with acute urethral obstruction were assessed by physical examination, blood pressure, electrocardiogram and laboratory tests. Cats with signs of obstruction below 36 hours prior to the service were in a state of alert, with body temperature and heart rate higher compared to cats in lethargy and stupor, obstructed up to 36 hours. (Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine)
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - October 30, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Amanda Marin Neri, Luiz Henrique de Ara újo Machado, Priscylla Tatiana Chalfun Guimarães Okamoto, Maurício Gianfrancesco Filippi, Regina Kiomi Takahira, Alessandra Melchert, Maria Lúcia Gomes Lourenço Source Type: research

Hormonal, Electrolytic, and Electrocardiographic Evaluations in Bitches With Eutocia and Dystocia
The objective of the study was to assess clinical alterations, electrocardiographic, hematological, biochemical, hemogasometric, electrolytic, and hormone plasma concentrations in bitches with eutocia and dystocia. Overall, 28 bitches (dystocia, n = 22 and eutocia, n = 6) were assessed. The evaluations were performed at 2 time points, M1 (1 hour prepartum —eutocia group and cesarean or clinical intervention—dystocia group) and M2 (postpartum—eutocia or dystocia group and anesthetic recovery—dystocia group). (Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine)
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - October 25, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Carla Regina Barbieri Sim ões, Flávia Gardilin Vassalo, Maria Lúcia Gomes Lourenço, Fabiana Ferreira de Souza, Eunice Oba, Mateus José Sudano, Nereu Carlos Prestes Tags: Topical Review Source Type: research

Hormonal, Electrolytic and Electrocardiographic Evaluations in Bitches with Eutocia and Dystocia
The objective of the study was to assess clinical alterations, electrocardiographic, hematological, biochemical, hemogasometric, electrolytic and hormonal in bitches with eutocia and dystocia. Twenty-eight bitches (dystocia, n=22 and eutocia, n=6) were used. The evaluations were performed at two time points, M1 (1h prepartum – eutocia group and cesarean or clinical intervention – dystocia group) and M2 (postpartum – eutocia or dystocia group and anesthetic recovery – dystocia group). The main clinical finding was the hypothermia (mean 36.9°C dystocia versus 36.8°C eutocia). (Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine)
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - October 25, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: C.R.B. Sim ões, F.G. Vassalo, M.L.G. Lourenço, F.F. Souza, E. Oba, M.J. Sudano, N.C. Prestes Source Type: research

Table of Contents
(Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine)
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - August 31, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Information for Readers
(Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine)
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - August 31, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Fluid Therapy —Part II: Introduction
It is my pleasure to again serve as the guest editor of this issue of Topics in Companion Animal Medicine. This is the second of 2 issues with a special focus on monitoring fluid therapy and types of fluid administration. In this issue, the first article by Dr Paula Johnson presents a practical approach to assessing volume status in daily practice. The second article, written by Dr Elizabeth Thomovsky, discusses fluid overload in small animal patients. The third article, authored by yours truly, reviews available methods of cardiac output monitoring in veterinary medicine. (Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine)
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - August 31, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Kristen A. Marshall Tags: Topical Review Source Type: research

Alternative access routes for fluid resuscitation
In a veterinary practice, we receive many cases that require fluid therapy. Everyone is familiar with the ‘typical’ ways of giving fluids: subcutaneously or intravenously through a cephalic or saphenous catheter. However, there are many other ways to administer fluids to a patient when a catheter cannot be placed in one of these commonly utilized venous sites. The goal of this paper is to present se veral other routes for fluid therapy including dorsal pedal venous access, intraosseous catheters, central lines, and nasogastric/nasoesophageal tubes. (Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine)
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - August 28, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Tami Lind Source Type: research

A Review of Available Techniques for Cardiac Output Monitoring
The main objective of fluid therapy is to increase cardiac output. Large, rapidly administered volumes of fluids are the cornerstone of treating patients in shock to restore circulating volume and improve tissue perfusion. However, determining exactly how much fluid a given patient requires can be challenging If not enough fluid is given, poor tissue perfusion can lead to ischemia, anaerobic metabolism, and ultimately cell and patient death. Conversely, increased morbidity and mortality associated with excessive IV fluid administration has been reported in the human literature in a wide variety of conditions. (Source: Topi...
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - August 20, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Kristen Marshall, Elizabeth Thomovsky, Paula Johnson, Aimee Brooks Source Type: research

Practical Assessment of Volume Status in Daily Practice
Fluid therapy is a critical component when treating sick veterinary patients. Determining a fluid therapy plan starts with making an accurate assessment of the patient ′s hydration and blood volume in order to determine the animal′s need for fluids. Having an accurate assessment is paramount to avoid extremes of fluid therapy -- providing too much fluid or not enough -- as both circumstances can lead to detrimental effects. In order to clearly discuss these ca ses, it is important to understand specific terminology: dehydration, hypovolemia and hypervolemia. (Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine)
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - August 20, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Paula Johnson Source Type: research

A Review of Central Venous Pressure and Its Reliability as a Hemodynamic Monitoring Tool in Veterinary Medicine
To review the current literature regarding central venous pressure (CVP) in veterinary patients pertaining to placement (of central line), measurement, interpretation, use in veterinary medicine, limitations, and controversies in human medicine. (Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine)
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - August 8, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Kristen M. Hutchinson, Scott P. Shaw Source Type: research

Owner ׳s Perception for Detecting Feline Body Condition Based on Questionnaire and Scores
To evaluate the owner ׳s ability to identify body condition in cats, based on questionnaire and scores, as well as to obtain others׳ information about the cat and the owner that may be related to the body condition. Seventy-seven owned cats, aged above 11 months, were evaluated. Initially, information was obtained on a ge, sex, breed, and whether they had been neutered. Next, owners were asked to fill a questionnaire: the first section was about the cat׳s diet type, feeding regime, and activity level, and the second section was on the owners׳ diet, physical activity, and physical condition. (Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine)
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - August 8, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Let ícia Peron, Sheila C. Rahal, Maíra S. Castilho, Alessandra Melchert, Flávia G. Vassalo, Luciane R. Mesquita, Washington T. Kano Tags: Topical Review Source Type: research