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Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Exposure
Abstract: Many antidepressants inhibit serotonin or norepinephrine reuptake or both to achieve their clinical effect. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor class of antidepressants (SSRIs) includes citalopram, escitalopram (active enantiomer of citalopram), fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline. The SSRIs are as effective as tricyclic antidepressants in treatment of major depression with less significant side effects. As a result, they have become the largest class of medications prescribed to humans for depression. They are also used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorders, alcoholism, o...
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - February 1, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Kevin T. Fitzgerald, Alvin C. Bronstein Source Type: research

Marijuana Poisoning
Abstract: The plant Cannabis sativa has been used for centuries for the effects of its psychoactive resins. The term “marijuana” typically refers to tobacco-like preparations of the leaves and flowers. The plant contains more than 400 chemicals but the cannabinoid δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the major psychoactive constituent. “Hashish” is the resin extracted from the tops of flowering plants and generally has a much higher THC concentration. Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States. Currently, several states have passed legislation to decriminalize possession of small amounts of...
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - February 1, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Kevin T. Fitzgerald, Alvin C. Bronstein, Kristin L. Newquist Source Type: research

Adderall® (Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine) Toxicity
This article discusses our present understanding of Adderall® intoxication and examines 3 dogs presented to our practice after ingestion of large amounts of the drug. (Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine)
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - February 1, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Kevin T. Fitzgerald, Alvin C. Bronstein Source Type: research

Foreword
In 2006, I was asked to guest edit an edition of “Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice” which focused entirely on practical toxicology. Although a daunting task, I undertook the project and attempted to include articles that were heavily slanted toward what I and other small-animal clinicians were seeing in emergency rooms all over the country. In that issue, commonly seen poisonings were examined and their sources, mechanisms of action, clinical signs, diagnostics, management, and prevention were investigated. Chapters selected included “The Poison-Proof Practice,” “Smoke Inhalation,” “Over-the-Count...
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - February 1, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Kevin T. Fitzgerald Source Type: research

Table of Contents
(Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine)
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - February 1, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Acute Management of Calcium Disorders
This article provides complete details regarding the emergency management of life-threatening hypercalcemia with focus on vitamin D intoxication. At the other end of the spectrum, hypocalcemic emergencies, such as periparturient hypocalcemia (eclampsia), may be less common but are often life threatening. This article contains guidelines for the emergency management of hypocalcemia. In summary, the urgent care of calcium disorders in small animals is reviewed. (Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine)
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - November 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Reid P. Groman Tags: Topical Reviews Source Type: research

Reproductive Causes of Hypocalcemia
This article reviews the pathophysiology, signalment, clinical signs, and treatment of eclampsia in the bitch and queen. The second part of the article focuses on the consequences and treatment of hypocalcemia prior to and during whelping in dogs and cats. (Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine)
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - November 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Autumn P. Davidson Tags: Topical Reviews Source Type: research

Calcium and Vitamin D Metabolism, Deficiency, and Excess
This article reviews the metabolism of both calcium and vitamin D, and the nutritional deficiency and excess syndromes that can lead to an imbalance of one or the other of these nutrients. (Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine)
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - November 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Jill Cline Tags: Topical Reviews Source Type: research

Paraneoplastic Hypercalcemia
Abstract: Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNSs) are neoplasm-associated alterations in bodily structure or function or both that occur distant to the tumor. They are an extremely diverse group of clinical aberrations that are associated with the noninvasive actions of the tumor. In many situations, the PNS parallels the underlying malignancy, and therefore, successful treatment of the tumor leads to disappearance of the PNS. Alternatively, recurrence of the PNS after successful treatment signals recurrence of the tumor, and the return of the PNS often significantly precedes the detectable recurrence of the tumor. This is often t...
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - November 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Philip J. Bergman Tags: Topical Reviews Source Type: research

Endocrine Causes of Calcium Disorders
This article focuses on the endocrine causes of calcium imbalance and provides diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for identifying the cause of hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia in veterinary patients. (Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine)
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - November 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Deborah S. Greco Tags: Topical Reviews Source Type: research

Introduction: Calcium Issue
This article is particularly timely, given the increase in nutritional disorders such as hypervitaminosis D and nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism from homemade diets. Dr Autumn Davidson has contributed a contemporary article discussing the often overlooked issues of hypocalcemia in pregnant, parturient, and postparturient bitches. Finally, the last article by Dr Reid Groman focuses on the short-term treatment of hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia with an emphasis on vitamin D poisoning from rodenticides and skin creams. I hope you find the articles in this issue of Topics in Companion Animal Medicine applicable to your...
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - November 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Deborah S. Greco, Philip Bergman Tags: Topical Reviews Source Type: research

Table of Contents
(Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine)
Source: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine - November 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research