Surveillance for Chikungunya and Dengue During the First Year of Chikungunya Virus Circulation in Puerto Rico
After chikungunya virus (CHIKV) transmission was detected in Puerto Rico in May 2014, multiple surveillance systems were used to describe epidemiologic trends and CHIKV-associated disease. Of 28 327 cases reported via passive surveillance, 6472 were tested for evidence of CHIKV infection, and results for 4399 (68%) were positive. Of 250 participants in household cluster investigations, 70 (28%) had evidence of recent CHIKV infection. Enhanced surveillance for chikungunya at 2 hospitals identified 1566 patients who tested positive for CHIKV, of whom 10.9% were hospitalized. Enhanced surveillance for fatal cases enabled iden...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - December 4, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Sharp, T. M., Ryff, K. R., Alvarado, L., Shieh, W.-J., Zaki, S. R., Margolis, H. S., Rivera-Garcia, B. Tags: CHIKUNGUNYA Source Type: research
Laboratory Diagnosis of Chikungunya Virus Infections and Commercial Sources for Diagnostic Assays
Detection of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) or viral RNA is the primary laboratory test used to diagnose infection in serum collected <6 days after onset of illness. Two real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) kits are available commercially, but validity data are limited. There are 2 commercial sources of inactivated positive-control CHIKV RNA to be used with purchased primers. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides viral RNA–positive controls and primer and probe nucleotide sequences for real-time RT-PCR testing. Detection of CHIKV-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - December 4, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Johnson, B. W., Russell, B. J., Goodman, C. H. Tags: CHIKUNGUNYA Source Type: research
Bridging the Gap Between Experimental Data and Model Parameterization for Chikungunya Virus Transmission Predictions
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has experienced 2 major expansion events in the last decade. The most recently emerged sublineage (ECSA-V) was shown to have increased efficiency in a historically secondary vector, Aedes albopictus, leading to speculation that this was a major factor in expansion. Subsequently, a number of experimental studies focused on the vector competence of CHIKV, as well as transmission modeling efforts. Mathematical models have used these data to inform their own investigations, but some have incorrectly parameterized the extrinsic incubation period (EIP) of the mosquitoes, using vector competence data. Ve...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - December 4, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Christofferson, R. C., Mores, C. N., Wearing, H. J. Tags: CHIKUNGUNYA Source Type: research
Perspectives and Challenges in Entomological Risk Assessment and Vector Control of Chikungunya
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is primarily spread by the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquito vectors. Because there is no licensed vaccine for CHIKV, identifying ways to reduce or eliminate mosquito populations is the most effective strategy to immediately halt transmission to man. Strategies to assess the entomological risk and to control the vector are absolutely crucial to demolishing the rise of CHIKV. This review provides perspectives in entomological risk assessment and vector control, challenges for both, and gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed through rigorous research and multidisciplinary collaboratio...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - December 4, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Diallo, M., Dia, I., Diallo, D., Diagne, C. T., Ba, Y., Yactayo, S. Tags: CHIKUNGUNYA Source Type: research
Invasiveness of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus and Vectorial Capacity for Chikungunya Virus
In this review, we highlight biological characteristics of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, 2 invasive mosquito species and primary vectors of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), that set the tone of these species' invasiveness, vector competence, and vectorial capacity (VC). The invasiveness of both species, as well as their public health threats as vectors, is enhanced by preference for human blood. Vector competence, characterized by the efficiency of an ingested arbovirus to replicate and become infectious in the mosquito, depends largely on vector and virus genetics, and most A. aegypti and A. albopictus populations thus fa...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - December 4, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Lounibos, L. P., Kramer, L. D. Tags: CHIKUNGUNYA Source Type: research
How Chikungunya Virus Virology Affects Its Epidemiology and Transmission: Implications for Influencing Public Health
Chikungunya virus has been causing a series of ongoing epidemics around the globe for the past 12 years. During that time, estimates indicate that >4 million cases occurred worldwide. Despite the magnitude of these outbreaks and the broad interest in understanding the virus and disease, significant gaps still exist in our knowledge base. An in-depth understanding of the basic virological elements that can affect the epidemiology of the agent is critical for future development of control and treatment products. This work describes how knowledge of various viral genetic and structural elements has begun to advance the dev...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - December 4, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Powers, A. M. Tags: CHIKUNGUNYA Source Type: research
Chikungunya Pathogenesis: From the Clinics to the Bench
Chikungunya alphavirus has caused large epidemics worldwide and leads to acute incapacitating polyarthralgia. The inflammatory reaction over several days will drive robust innate and humoral responses essential to control the infection. Critically, fatal cases and mother-to-child transmission have also been described. Chikungunya can give rise to chronic musculoskeletal diseases, which can last for months to years, particularly in elderly individuals, and occasionally leads to seronegative rheumatoid arthritis–like pathologies. Histopathological studies of patient biopsy specimens and animal models have revealed that...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - December 4, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Gasque, P., Bandjee, M. C. J., Reyes, M. M., Viasus, D. Tags: CHIKUNGUNYA Source Type: research
Epidemiology of Chikungunya in the Americas
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) emerged in the Americas in late 2013 to cause substantial acute and chronic morbidity. About 1.1 million cases of chikungunya were reported within a year, including severe cases and deaths. The burden of chikungunya is unclear owing to inadequate disease surveillance and underdiagnosis. Virus evolution, globalization, and climate change may further CHIKV spread. No approved vaccine or antiviral therapeutics exist. Early detection and appropriate management could reduce the burden of severe atypical and chronic arthritic disease. Improved surveillance and risk assessment are needed to mitigate the ...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - December 4, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Yactayo, S., Staples, J. E., Millot, V., Cibrelus, L., Ramon-Pardo, P. Tags: CHIKUNGUNYA Source Type: research
Chikungunya: Its History in Africa and Asia and Its Spread to New Regions in 2013-2014
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes and causes febrile illness with severe arthralgia in humans. There are 3 circulating CHIKV genotypes, Asia, East/Central/South Africa, and West Africa. CHIKV was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and up until the early 2000s, a few outbreaks and sporadic cases of CHIKV were mainly reported in Africa and Asia. However, from 2004 to 2005, a large epidemic spanned from Kenya over to the southwestern Indian Ocean region, India, and Southeast Asia. Identified in 2005, the E1 glycoprotein A226V mutation of the East/Central/South Africa ge...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - December 4, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Zeller, H., Van Bortel, W., Sudre, B. Tags: CHIKUNGUNYA Source Type: research
Meeting the Challenge of Epidemic Chikungunya
(Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - December 4, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Morens, D. M., Fauci, A. S. Tags: CHIKUNGUNYA Source Type: research
Foreword
(Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - December 4, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Fanning, M., Touchette, N. Tags: FOREWORD Source Type: research
Reviewers
(Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - December 4, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Source Type: research
Dengue Vaccine Efficacy: Not a Zero Sum Game
(Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - December 4, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Halstead, S. B. Tags: CORRESPONDENCE Source Type: research
Adaptation to Potassium-Limitation Is Essential for Acinetobacter baumannii Pneumonia Pathogenesis
Conclusions. For the first time, A. baumannii KdpE is shown to be crucial to pneumonia onset, and targeting this system can be a viable approach to treating these fatal infections. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - December 4, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Samir, R., Hussein, S. H., Elhosseiny, N. M., Khattab, M. S., Shawky, A. E., Attia, A. S. Tags: BACTERIA Source Type: research
Induction of an Immune-Protective T-Cell Repertoire With Diverse Genetic Coverage by a Novel Viral-Vectored Tuberculosis Vaccine in Humans
Conclusions. These data support further clinical development of this candidate vaccine. Our approach helps fill the gap in clinical tuberculosis vaccine development. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - December 4, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jeyanathan, M., Damjanovic, D., Yao, Y., Bramson, J., Smaill, F., Xing, Z. Tags: BACTERIA Source Type: research
