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Evaluation of the cervicovaginal environment in asymptomatic HTLV-1 infected women
ConclusionsHTLV-1 infection induces immune activation in cervicovaginal environment, characterized by elevated concentrations of Th1, Th2, and IL17 in the cervicovaginal fluid. (Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases - March 7, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Staphylococcus aureus in tonsils of patients with recurrent tonsillitis: prevalence, susceptibility profile, and genotypic characterization
ConclusionsMDR isolates colonizing tonsils even without infection, demonstrate persistence of the bacterium and possibility of antimicrobial resistance dissemination and recurrence of infection. A specific clone in patients colonized by S. aureus was not demonstrated. (Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases - March 7, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Previous hepatitis E virus infection, cirrhosis and insulin resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis C
ConclusionPatients with chronic hepatitis C are under risk of hepatitis E virus superinfection in Brazil. The trend toward association between cirrhosis and previous HEV infection suggests that it may accelerate liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. In addition, previous infection by HEV is independently associated with insulin resistance in the studied population, which may be an extra-hepatic manifestation of hepatitis E that persists after resolution of the active infection, and may contribute to fibrosis progression. (Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases - March 4, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Hepatitis E virus prevalence in Egyptian children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia
ConclusionsThalasemic patients are vulnerable to chronicity and increased risk of morbidity and mortality from HEV infection. Frequent assessment of liver enzymes in thalassemic patients to monitor subclinical HEV is recommended. Close monitoring and HEV screening of blood donations should be taken in consideration. Public awareness about HEV endemicity, modes of transmission, and risk hazards especially in high risk group should be done to reduce the disease burden. (Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases - March 1, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Polyomaviruses BK and JC DNA infection in peripheral blood cells from blood donors
DiscussionOur study provides important data on polyomavirus infection in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes in immunocompetent individuals. These data indicate significant differences between the prevalence of BKV and JCV infection in healthy blood donors. The prevalence of BK and JC virus infection is higher in the age range 30–39 years compared to other age ranges. (Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases - February 25, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Effects of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin on biofilm formation and virulence factors of Escherichia coli
ConclusionsThe results revealed that treatment with sub-MICs of CIP for 24 h inhibited biofilm formation and reduced the expression of virulence genes and biofilm formation genes in E. coli. (Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases - February 22, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Early use of polymyxin B reduces the mortality of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection
Publication date: Available online 21 February 2019Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious DiseasesAuthor(s): Qiqiang Liang, Man Huang, Zhijiang XuAbstractPolymyxin B is one of the last resort option for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) bloodstream infection in China. Therefore, the timing of administration of polymyxin is frequently delayed. We collected 40 cases of CRKP bloodstream infections (BSIs) treated with combinations based on polymyxin B over 30 months. The primary outcome, 30-day mortality rate, was 52.5% (21/40). Early administration of polymyxin B is meant to administer the drug within 48&...
Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases - February 22, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

HLA-B*14 allele predicts HIV-1 mother-to-child-transmission, in Salvador, Brazil
ConclusionHLA-B*57 group allele can be protective against MTCT while HLA-B*35 groups alleles are consistently associated with HIV-1 MTCT. (Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases - February 15, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Acknowledgements 2018
Publication date: November–December 2018Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 22, Issue 6Author(s): (Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases - February 13, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

HIV testing and HIV knowledge among men who have sex with men in Natal, Northeast Brazil
ConclusionsThe frequency of HIV testing among MSM from Natal is rather low, especially in younger MSM, and knowledge about HIV transmission is inappropriate. (Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases - February 11, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection among men who have sex with men in Central Brazil
Publication date: Available online 6 December 2018Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious DiseasesAuthor(s): Lisie Souza Castro, Grazielli Rocha de Rezende, Fernanda Rodas Pires Fernandes, Larissa Melo Bandeira, Marco Antonio Moreira Puga, Tayana Serpa Ortiz Tanaka, Sabrina Moreira dos Santos Weis-Torres, Ana Carolina Paulo Vicente, Koko Otsuki, Ana Rita Coimbra Motta-CastroAbstractHuman T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first retrovirus discovered in humans and is endemic in several parts of the world. Because of risk behaviors, mainly sexual, men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk of acquiri...
Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases - January 17, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Chronic skull osteomyelitis due to Cryptococcus neoformans: first case report in an HIV-infected patient
We report the case of an HIV-infected patient with history of recurring itching on his scalp and repetitive local trauma. For eighteen months, he noticed a painful and slow growing lump on his scalp. He was submitted to an excisional biopsy of the lesion but no etiological diagnosis was identified. After this procedure, the post-surgical wound never completely healed. At admission, the patient presented nausea and headache for three days and an open orifice into his skull. Investigations confirmed meningitis and skull osteomyelitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. He was treated with bone debridement and combined systemi...
Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases - January 5, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Molecular characteristics and virulence gene profiles of Staphylococcus aureus causing bloodstream infection
ConclusionST5-t2460 was the most common clone in S. aureus causing bloodstream infection followed by ST188-t189, which had never been noted in China before. Moreover, ST5-t2460 harbored more virulence genes than ST188-t189, and the prevalence of ST239 clone decreased with the proportion of MRSA among all S. aureus isolates. (Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases - December 28, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Novel fluoronucleoside analog NCC inhibits lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus in a hepatocyte model
In conclusion, screening for antiviral compounds active against lamivudine-resistant HBV can be carried out with relative ease using hepG2.RL1 cells. NCC is a potential antiviral agent against wild-type HBV and clinical lamivudine-resistant HBV and deserves evaluation for the treatment of HBV infection. (Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases - December 24, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Measles outbreak in Brazil, 2018
Publication date: September–October 2018Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 22, Issue 5Author(s): Luciano Z. Goldani (Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases - December 7, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research