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Training on regional anesthesia—From neurostimulation to ultrasound
This article reviews the different elements required for a good training in regional anesthesia (phantoms, simulators, tutorials, corpse workshop, etc) without disregarding neurostimulation, and it focuses on ultrasound as the main nerve location tool for the performance of regional anesthesia techniques. (Source: Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management)
Source: Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management - July 1, 2012 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Carlos Tornero Tornero, Luis Aliaga Font Source Type: research

Effect of regional anesthesia on pain sensitization after surgery: New concepts
This article describes the neuronal changes that surgical pain and possibly high opioid doses cause in the central nervous system. It also relates how regional anesthesia might oppose these changes and block both the pain sensitization and the pain chronification following surgery. (Source: Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management)
Source: Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management - July 1, 2012 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Laurent Bollag, Philippe Richebé Source Type: research

Regional anesthesia: Neurostimulation and ultrasonography. A critical review
Regional anesthesia has progressed rapidly over the last few years: from a clinical practice consisting of nerve location by means of paresthesia, it has turned into a procedure that uses neurostimulation and ultrasound on a routine basis. (Source: Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management)
Source: Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management - July 1, 2012 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Carlos Tornero Tornero Source Type: research

Table of Contents
(Source: Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management)
Source: Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management - July 1, 2012 Category: Anesthesiology Tags: Frontmatter Source Type: research

Editorial Board
(Source: Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management)
Source: Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management - July 1, 2012 Category: Anesthesiology Tags: Frontmatter Source Type: research

Ultrasound can guide new regional blocks
Abstract: The use of ultrasound in regional anesthesia techniques has aroused much interest during the past decade. Ultrasound has allowed the development of the classic regional techniques described by landmark references, neurostimulation guide, loss of resistant technique, or “click” and “pop” methods. Ultrasound application to anesthesiology has enabled not only to directly monitor the procedures already described but also to report new techniques. Because some of those techniques are a novelty and the literature on them is sparse, the purpose of this article is to provide information on the most recent ultraso...
Source: Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management - July 1, 2012 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: María Martínez-Segovia, Carlos Tornero Tornero, Manuel Montero, Vicente Roqués Escolar Source Type: research

Is ultrasound essential for regional anesthesia in children?
Abstract: According to systematic reviews performed on adults, ultrasound provides moderate advantages in latency time reduction and block quality. Whether it really reduces the number of complications at the expense of less vascular puncturing, less diaphragm paralysis, and less pleural puncturing, together with lower doses of local anesthetic used, is a controversial question. Neither is there evidence that ultrasound achieves a higher rate of success than traditional techniques. Pediatric patients have special characteristics that differentiate them from adult patients, so the existing studies and their results should n...
Source: Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management - July 1, 2012 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Vicente Roqués Escolar, Ana Isabel Sánchez Amador, Mari Carmen Martínez-Segovia Source Type: research

Development of complications in ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia vs neurostimulation
Abstract: The use of peripheral nerve block techniques has significantly increased over the last two decades; as a consequence, development of complications has also increased. Neurostimulation has been the technique of choice for locoregional anesthesia for many years and has even been considered the gold standard. Compared with location by means of paresthesia, this technique reduces the potential risk of postoperative neuropathy, as it limits any direct contact between the needle and the nerve structure. Neurostimulation provides high efficacy with a minimum complication rate; currently, however, as ultrasound provides ...
Source: Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management - July 1, 2012 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Jorge Hernando Sáez, Carlos Tornero Tornero, Vicente Roqués Escolar, Francisco Hernández Méndez, Luis Aliaga Font Source Type: research

Far lower volumes of local anesthetic: What for?
Abstract: One of the advantages attributed to the use of ultrasounds in regional anesthesia is the possibility of applying low volumes of local anesthetic. Some studies report the efficient use of extremely low volumes in certain types of blocks. Those results are not easy to extrapolate to general practice because of, among other reasons, the big differences in technical skills among professionals (which are crucial to the ability to reduce the volume used). However, the term “intraneural injection” is currently being redefined based on histology, anatomy, physiology, and on clinical and experimental results. The poss...
Source: Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management - July 1, 2012 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Josep Lluis Aguilar Sánchez, Javier Carbayo Lázaro, Paula Delgado García, Carlos Castro Arranz, Ma Vega Reyes García, Silvia López Márquez Source Type: research

Can ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia be improved with the combined use of nerve stimulation techniques?
Abstract: Currently, the most commonly used techniques to perform peripheral nerve blockade are ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia (UGRA) and nerve stimulation (NS). Since its introduction in the 1990s, the use of ultrasound has gained popularity. In the beginning, it was used together with NS to confirm identification of nerve structures, once the learning curve has reached its end, there is a trend to use UGRA alone. In this article, we discuss the pros and cons of performing RA procedures with NS, UGRA, or a combination of both, which we call stimulated and ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia (SUGRA). Even though t...
Source: Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management - July 1, 2012 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Luis Fernando Valdés-Vilches, Manuel Jesús Sánchez-del Águila, Manuel Llácer-Pérez, Francisco José Martos-Fernández de Córdoba, Pedro Alonso-Atienza Source Type: research

Is neurostimulation in regional anesthesia still worth knowing?
This article reviews the bases of neurostimulation and proposes new ways of using it, based both on the clinical practice and on the latest research published. (Source: Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management)
Source: Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management - July 1, 2012 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Josep Masdeu Castellví Source Type: research

Table of Contents
(Source: Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management)
Source: Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management - April 1, 2012 Category: Anesthesiology Tags: Frontmatter Source Type: research