Pleomorphic adenoma of the lacrimal gland: A review with updates on malignant transformation and molecular genetics
Publication date: January–March 2018Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology, Volume 32, Issue 1Author(s): William Harrison, Patricia Pittman, Thomas CummingsAbstractPleomorphic adenoma (benign mixed tumor) is the most common epithelial neoplasm of the lacrimal gland. It is usually a slow growing, well-circumscribed, mass that is identical to its salivary gland counterpart. Patients generally have an excellent prognosis for vision and long-term survival after complete surgical excision. There is a tendency to reoccur, especially if there is an incomplete excision, and rarely, malignant transformation to carcinoma ex pleomo...
Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology - July 5, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Orbital pathology – Iatrogenic findings and artefacts
This article is an overview of therapeutic interventions which may cause either orbital pathology or an altered appearance of the tissue, either of which can pose a diagnostic challenge. The problem of artefact is also addressed as another factor which may alter the appearance of a specimen. It is hoped that the information provided in this brief review will help clinicians better evaluate what information may be relevant when submitting a specimen. (Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology)
Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology - July 5, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Cognitive biases in orbital mass lesions – Lessons learned
ConclusionWith mounting rates of patients who have survived a previous cancer, multiple primary cancers within one patient are becoming increasingly common. While prostate cancer metastasis to the orbit is a relatively rare event, orbital lymphoma is a more common diagnosis in orbital masses. Therefore, when patients present with orbital masses in the context of prostate cancer, the conclusion should not immediately be metastasis and a tissue diagnosis should be sought; especially given that the treatment of these entities is different. (Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology)
Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology - July 5, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Cytogenetic results of choroidal nevus growth into melanoma in 55 consecutive cases
ConclusionsChoroidal nevus with rapid transformation into melanoma within 1 year is significantly more likely to demonstrate high-risk cytogenetic profile, at risk for metastatic disease, compared to those with slow transformation. (Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology)
Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology - July 5, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the orbit: A clinico-pathological study of 25 cases
ConclusionIMT is a distinct entity which may occur in the orbit primarily. It should be considered in differential diagnosis in all orbital masses, particularly with onset of acute or subcronic inflammation. Surgical biopsy associated to a partial debulcking of the tumor, avoiding to damage adjacent vital structure may contribute to improve the outcome. Steroid therapy, seems to be the suitable as first line medical therapy, although, as reported in literature, not all cases respond to this treatment regimen. Radiotherapy, may be considered as an alternative therapy. Recurrences occurred in 24% of patients and may be treat...
Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology - July 5, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Histiocytic lesions of the orbit: A study of 9 cases
ConclusionsEosinophilic granuloma was the most frequently encountered orbital histiocytic lesion in our series. Eosiophilic granuloma usually responded well to subtotal tumor excision, bone curettage, and intraorbital corticosteroid injections. Systemic chemotherapy was used in cases with full thickness bone destruction and adjacent dural enhancement in an effort to prevent the development of central nervous system disease. (Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology)
Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology - July 5, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Clinical, radiological and histopathological characteristics of surgically removed orbital hematic cysts: A case series
ConclusionHematic cyst is a challenging clinical diagnosis that can be aided by radiological examination and histopathological confirmation. Trauma does not seem to play a major role while presence of a pre-existing vascular lesion with spontaneous hemorrhage may be an etiologic factor. Associated cholesterol granuloma is an interesting controversial finding. Surgical intervention is curative with possible persisting motility disturbance and/or the eye deviation and worse prognosis in post-traumatic cases. (Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology)
Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology - July 5, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Langerhans cell histiocytosis in an 18-month-old child presenting as periorbital cellulitis
We report the clinical, histopathological, and electron microscopic findings of orbital LCH in an 18-month-old child, along with a review of the recent literature regarding molecular pathogenetic analysis of LCH. The child presented with a two-week history of progressive left periorbital edema and redness. He was initially diagnosed and treated empirically for bacterial periorbital cellulitis, but subsequently underwent ophthalmological consultation after he failed to improve. Histopathological examination of an orbital biopsy specimen revealed numerous Langerhans-type cells, which stain positive for CD1A and CD207 (langer...
Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology - July 5, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Orbital progressive transformation of germinal centers as part of the spectrum of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease: Clinicopathologic features of three cases
Publication date: January–March 2018Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology, Volume 32, Issue 1Author(s): M. Adelita Vizcaino, Shannon S. Joseph, Charles G. EberhartAbstractProgressive transformation of germinal centers (PTGC) is a form of follicular hyperplasia recently associated with immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD), but the ophthalmic manifestations of this combination are poorly described. In this retrospective case series, we present three cases of IgG4-related orbital disease (IgG4-ROD) showing varying degrees of PTGC involving the orbit and lacrimal gland. Three adult women presented with ill-defined la...
Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology - July 5, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
NUT carcinoma of the sinonasal tract infiltrating the orbit in a man with birdshot chorioretinitis
Publication date: January–March 2018Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology, Volume 32, Issue 1Author(s): Wesley Chan, Martin J. Bullock, Arif F. Samad, Curtis W. Archibald, J. Godfrey HeathcoteAbstractA 48-year-old man with a history of birdshot chorioretinitis presented with blurry vision, retro-bulbar pain and sinusitis. Though visual acuity was unaffected, he had left optic disc oedema and mild restriction of left eye abduction. His symptoms progressed quickly, with diplopia in primary gaze, epistaxis from his left nostril, and a left relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD). On computed tomography, there was a mass ...
Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology - July 5, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Isolated superior oblique muscle extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma: case report
We describe a rare case of isolated extraocular muscle ocular adnexal lymphoma of a middle-aged female who presented with redness in the left eye associated with progressive proptosis over one year. Magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit indicated isolated enlargement of the left superior oblique (SO) muscle with an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of (0.77 ± 0.11 × 10−3 mm2/s). Histopathology with immunohistochemical staining of the incisional biopsy from the SO muscle belly confirmed the diagnosis of extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma. (Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology)
Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology - July 5, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Primary mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the orbit: Histopathological report of 3 pediatric cases
We describe 3 additional pediatric cases with primary orbital MCS and they were all males. Our cases presented with proptosis and calcific orbital masses on imaging studies. Histopathological examination of the excised masses shared the typical presence of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and immature areas of cartilage. The diagnosis of MCS was further confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. Brief review of the literature in relation to this diagnosis in the orbit is also presented. (Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology)
Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology - July 5, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Orbital immature teratoma: A rare entity with diagnostic challenges
Publication date: January–March 2018Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology, Volume 32, Issue 1Author(s): Hind M. Alkatan, Omar S. AlObaidan, Hala Kfoury, Yasser H. Al-FakyAbstractChildhood orbital teratomas are congenital lesions that presents most often at birth with progressive, severe unilateral proptosis. Due to the rarity of such tumors, the diagnosis is often missed with delay in the patient's management. We are presenting a unique case of an immature right orbital teratoma with extensive growth in a full-term newly born baby boy. In this case report, we provide description of the clinical findings, initial misdiag...
Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology - July 5, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Orbital tumor associated with a microphthalmic eye and colobomatous cleft: Pilocytic astrocytoma (glioma) or massive retinal gliosis
Publication date: January–March 2018Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology, Volume 32, Issue 1Author(s): Rita Van Ginderdeuren, Rafael Sciot, Ilse MombaertsAbstractA 11-year-old boy with congenital microphthalmos of the right eye presented with gradual protrusion of his ocular prosthesis. MRI showed an orbital mass adjacent to the microphthalmic eye. After removal of the eye and the orbital soft tissue mass a gliotic mass, resembling a pilocytic astrocytoma WHO grade 1 (glioma) was diagnosed. Through a colobomatous cleft in the eye the tumour spread in the orbit. There were no clinical signs of neurofibromatosis 1. This ...
Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology - July 5, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Displacement of crystalline lens into the sub-conjunctival space following periocular anesthesia
Publication date: Available online 11 January 2018Source: Saudi Journal of OphthalmologyAuthor(s): Neha GoelAbstractA 65-year-old female presented with loss of vision and a mass in her right eye after periocular anaesthesia for cataract surgery in a camp. She was found to have a nasal subconjunctival mass, which was confirmed to contain the crystalline lens after surgical exploration, along with a superior perilimbal suspected scleral rupture. There was accompanying vitreous haemorrhage, retinal detachment and subretinal haemorrhage that was managed by pars plana vitrectomy. Post operatively, she achieved a best corrected ...
Source: Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology - July 5, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
