Physiological Motion and Registration of Abnormalities in Liver During Focused Ultrasound Surgery
Publication date: 2016 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 87 Author(s): Sunita Chauhan, Abhilash Rh Continuous deformation and dislocation of soft tissues in the abdominal and thoracic region presents a major issue for effective targeting of all non-invasive ablative modalities such as radiotherapy/surgery and Focused Ultrasound Surgery. Most significant among these is the movement of the target organs due to physiological processes such as respiration. The movement is found to be most significant for liver and kidneys. We studied movement and compensation strategies with the aim to implement them during ultrasound ablati...
Source: Physics Procedia - December 27, 2016 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Improvements in Low-cost Ultrasonic Measurements of Blood Flow in “by-passes” Using Narrow & amp; Broad Band Transit-time Procedures
Publication date: 2016 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 87 Author(s): A. Ramos, H. Calas, L. Diez, E. Moreno, J. Prohías, A. Villar, E. Carrillo, A. Jiménez, W.C.A. Pereira, M.A. Von Krüger The cardio-pathology by ischemia is an important cause of death, but the re-vascularization of coronary arteries (by-pass operation) is an useful solution to reduce associated morbidity improving quality of life in patients. During these surgeries, the flow in coronary vessels must be measured, using non-invasive ultrasonic methods, known as transit time flow measurements (TTFM), which are the most accurate option nowadays...
Source: Physics Procedia - December 27, 2016 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Optimisation of a Cymbal Transducer for Its Use in a High-power Ultrasonic Cutting Device for Bone Surgery
Publication date: 2016 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 87 Author(s): Fernando Bejarano, Andrew Feeney, Margaret Lucas The class V cymbal is a flextensional transducer commonly used in low-power ultrasonic applications. The resonance frequency of the transducer can be tailored by the choice of end-cap and driver materials, and the dimensions of the end-caps. The cymbal transducer has one significant limitation which restricts the operational vibration amplitude of the device. This is the limit imposed by the mechanical strength of the bonding agent between the metal end-cap and the piezoceramic driver. Therefore, when ...
Source: Physics Procedia - December 27, 2016 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Dynamics Characterisation of Cymbal Transducers for Power Ultrasonics Applications
Publication date: 2016 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 87 Author(s): Andrew Feeney, Fernando Bejarano, Margaret Lucas A class V cymbal flextensional transducer is composed of a piezoceramic disc sandwiched between two cymbal-shaped shell end-caps. Depending on the type of piezoceramic, there exists a maximum voltage that can be reached without depolarisation, but also, at higher voltage levels, amplitude saturation can occur. In addition, there is a restriction imposed by the mechanical strength of the bonding agent. The effects of input voltage level on the vibration response of two cymbal transducers are studied. Th...
Source: Physics Procedia - December 27, 2016 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Directional Receiver for Biomimetic Sonar System
Publication date: 2016 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 87 Author(s): Francesco Guarato, Heather Andrews, James F. Windmill, Joseph Jackson, Anthony Gachagan An ultrasonic localization method for a sonar system equipped with an emitter and two directional receivers and inspired by bat echolocation uses knowledge of the beam pattern of the receivers to estimate target orientation. Rousettus leschenaultii's left ear constitutes the model for the design of the optimal receiver for this sonar system and 3D printing was used to fabricate receiver structures comprising of two truncated cones with an elliptical external per...
Source: Physics Procedia - December 27, 2016 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Correlating Inertial Acoustic Cavitation Emissions with Material Erosion Resistance
Publication date: 2016 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 87 Author(s): I. Ibanez, M. Hodnett, B. Zeqiri, M.N. Frota The standard ASTM G32-10 concerns the hydrodynamic cavitation erosion resistance of materials by subjecting them to acoustic cavitation generated by a sonotrode. The work reported extends this technique by detecting and monitoring the ultrasonic cavitation, considered responsible for the erosion process, specifically for coupons of aluminium-bronze alloy. The study uses a 65mm diameter variant of NPL's cavitation sensor, which detects broadband acoustic emissions, and logs acoustic signals generated in th...
Source: Physics Procedia - December 27, 2016 Category: Physics Source Type: research
A Miniaturized Class IV Flextensional Ultrasonic Transducer
Publication date: 2016 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 87 Author(s): Andrew Feeney, Andrew Tweedie, Andrew Mathieson, Margaret Lucas The class V transducer has found popularity in a diverse range of applications such as surgical and underwater projection systems, where high vibration amplitude for relatively low piezoceramic volume is generated. The class IV transducer offers the potential to attain even higher performance per volume than the class V. In this research, a miniaturized class IV power ultrasonic flextensional transducer is proposed. Simulations were performed using PZFlex finite element analysis, and el...
Source: Physics Procedia - December 27, 2016 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Predicting the Displacement Gain from the Mechanical Quality Factor in Ultrasonic Transducers
Publication date: 2016 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 87 Author(s): Dominick A. DeAngelis The displacement gain is the most important performance parameter for power ultrasonic transducers typically used for welding or cutting: it controls the proportional relationship between the displacement of the tool and the voltage or current input to the transducer, a key process parameter. However, due to the aging effects of the PZT piezoceramics typically used in these transducers, and other variables such as gradual preload loss or tool clamp wear, this displacement gain can drift over time causing a shift in process, and lo...
Source: Physics Procedia - December 27, 2016 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Obtaining Soft X-ray Emission and Absorption Spectra Using SR from the VEPP-4 Storage Ring on the Metrology Station “Cosmos”
Publication date: 2016 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 84 Author(s): Evgeniy Korotaev, Mikhail Syrokvashin, Anastasia Fedorenko, Anton Nikolenko, Mikhail Mashkovtsev, Pavel Zavertkin, Denis Ivlyushkin, Mikhail Mashkovtsev, Pavel Zavertkin, Denis Ivlyushkin The experimental equipment of the metrology station “Cosmos” was adjusted for obtaining soft X-ray emission (XES) and absorption (XANES) spectra of reference samples. In the present work were used two different optical schemes: flat (Bragg-scheme) and cylindrically bent crystals (Johann scheme). Experimental XES and XANES spectra were compared with the sp...
Source: Physics Procedia - December 12, 2016 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Experimental Modeling of the Impulse Diffraction System with a “White” SR Beam
Publication date: 2016 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 84 Author(s): M.G. Fedotov, A.N. Aleshaev Some matrix detectors (CCD and CIS) have direct X-ray sensitivity and can operate as dispersionless spectrometers with a very large number of elements (106 and more). In the case of the impulse diffraction such detector can simultaneously record a significant number of independent events. In the reading the position and energy of the absorbed X-ray photon may be restored for each event. The mathematical processing of the received data with respect to the Bragg condition can theoretically lead to the coordinates of the event...
Source: Physics Procedia - December 12, 2016 Category: Physics Source Type: research
The System for Monitoring of the Fast Vertical Oscillations of VEPP-3 SR Beam
Publication date: 2016 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 84 Author(s): M.G. Fedotov Due to the presence of a ripple on the output of various power sources, and mechanical vibrations the VEPP-3 wiggler beam is subject to certain perturbations (oscillations). Such disturbances can distort the results of precise experiments. At the same time the existing stabilization system of the synchrotron radiation (SR) beam works with a large averaging times and almost not sensitive to these disturbances. The differential high-speed detector based on pin-photodiodes and electronic processing circuits (that provide filtering and correla...
Source: Physics Procedia - December 12, 2016 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Diamond X-ray Refractive Lenses with High Acceptance
Publication date: 2016 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 84 Author(s): M. Polikarpov, V. Polikarpov, I. Snigireva, A. Snigirev During the last years X-ray refractive lenses with various design have been manufactured from mono-crystalline diamond by laser ablation with ultra-short laser pulses. The present paper shortly reviews diamond lenses with high acceptance which are intended for transportation of radiation at high-power X-ray accelerator sources. Planar, linear and two-dimensional lenses with parabolic or spherical shape were manufactured and tested at laboratory and synchrotron X-ray sources in focusing and imag...
Source: Physics Procedia - December 12, 2016 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Multifunctional X-ray Lithography Station at VEPP-3
Publication date: 2016 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 84 Author(s): B.G. Goldenberg, A.G. Lemzyakov, V.P. Nazmov, V.F. Pindyurin The multifunctional X-ray lithography “LIGA” station on beamline 0 at the VEPP-3 synchrotron source is part of the shared-use center “Siberian Synchrotron and Terahertz Radiation Center” (SSTRC) in Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP, Novosibirsk, Russia). The station is intended to exposure of resist layers on substrates of different shape and lateral dimensions of 1 to 10cm. The development of process and re-equipment of the station goes forward, continuously. In this work ...
Source: Physics Procedia - December 12, 2016 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Application of ELN-200 in Deep X-ray Lithography
Publication date: 2016 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 84 Author(s): Vladimir Nazmov, Boris Goldenberg The negative-tone E-beam resist ELN-200 was developed for thin film patterning in the 80s of the 20th century, which demonstrated sensitivity to X-rays. In the present work, the application of the resist to the deep X-ray lithography at the VEPP – 3 synchrotron source was studied. The contrast and the sensitivity of the resist to X-rays were found to be 1.7 and approx. 100J/cm3, respectively. The conditions of both forming of thick resist layers and manufacturing of high-aspect-ratio microstructures using hard X-ray...
Source: Physics Procedia - December 12, 2016 Category: Physics Source Type: research
An Inverse Method of Manufacturing a Structured X-ray Screen
Publication date: 2016 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 84 Author(s): Vladimir Nazmov, Boris Goldenberg, Alexey Lemzyakov It is shown that the spatial resolution of an X-ray screen can be increased by forming pore–like matrix filled with phosphor. It is revealed that the smaller is the diameter of the pore, the higher spatial resolution can be achieved. However, there is a problem of filling the narrow pores. In the proposed method, phosphor was mixed with a structured material, the resist SU-8, and the patterning was carried out, using synchrotron radiation of the VEPP-3 synchrotron source. Thus, the need of filling...
Source: Physics Procedia - December 12, 2016 Category: Physics Source Type: research
