Monitoring of Varying Joint Gap Width During Laser Beam Welding by a Dual Vision and Spectroscopic Sensing System
Publication date: 2017 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 89 Author(s): Morgan Nilsen, Fredrik Sikström, Anna-Karin Christiansson, Antonio Ancona A vision and spectroscopic system for estimation of the joint gap width in autogenous laser beam butt welding is presented. Variations in joint gap width can introduce imperfections in the butt joint seam, which in turn influence fatigue life and structural integrity. The aim of the monitoring approach explored here is to acquire sufficiently robust process data to be used to guide post inspection activities and/or to enable feedback control for a decreased process variabilit...
Source: Physics Procedia - September 26, 2017 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Weldability of Aluminium Alloys for Automotive Applications
Publication date: 2017 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 89 Author(s): D. Löveborn, J.K. Larsson, K.-A. Persson Restrictions in CO2-emissions have caused increased demands on decreased weight and increased use of lightweight materials in the automotive industry. Aluminium has shown to be of great interest due to its beneficial weight to strength ratio, and are suitable for hang-on parts such as roof, doors etc. However, the use of aluminium requires reliable joining techniques. This project has been focusing on laser welding of aluminium. It have been reported earlier that hot cracks and porosity are common defects whi...
Source: Physics Procedia - September 26, 2017 Category: Physics Source Type: research
The Influence of Shielding Gas Configurations on Formability of the Ferritic Stainless Steel Laser Weld
Publication date: 2017 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 89 Author(s): Markku Keskitalo, Mikko Hietala, Kari Mäntyjärvi According to previous studies the careful argon shielding of the weld is very important in order to achieve a ductile and formable laser weld of Ti-stabilized ferritic stainless steel. In practice it is often difficult to use the root gas shielding of the laser weld. The aim of this study was to determine the sufficient practise of gas shielding in order to achieve the ductile laser weld. According to Erichsen formability results the shielding gas nozzle in the post weld side must be used in order to...
Source: Physics Procedia - September 26, 2017 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Additive Manufacturing in Finland: Recommendations for a Renewed Innovation Policy
The objective of this research is to define an optimal innovation policy and funding strategy to improve Additive Manufacturing (AM) capabilities in Finnish companies. To do so, we present an international review of innovation programs in the area of AM. In addition, the study replied upon a survey prepared to evaluate factors for AM implementation. The ultimate goal is to help in the definition of a national policy strategy in the area of AM based on the characteristics of the Finnish industrial ecosystem. The methodology and data collection method involved defining the taxonomy of Finnish AM industry. The target group of...
Source: Physics Procedia - September 26, 2017 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Inline Repair of Blowouts During Laser Welding
Publication date: 2017 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 89 Author(s): K.S. Hansen, F.O. Olsen, M. Kristiansen, O. Madsen In a current laser welding production process of components of stainless steel, a butt joint configuration may lead to failures in the form of blowouts, causing an unacceptable welding quality. A study to improve the laser welding process was performed with the aim of solving the problem by designing a suitable pattern of multiple small laser spots rather than a single spot in the process zone. The blowouts in the process are provoked by introducing small amounts of zinc powder in the butt joint. Wh...
Source: Physics Procedia - September 26, 2017 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Single-pass Hybrid Laser Welding of 25 mm Thick Steel
In this study, a number of experiments were performed on the hybrid laser welding of 25mm steel. Different techniques of full penetration and partial penetration welding were discussed. Crack-free welds were obtained using single-pass or two-pass welding techniques. The results of the experiments showed that the joint preparation method and the penetration mode are very important factors in obtaining crack-free welds in welding thick section steels. With the same process parameters applied to hybrid laser welding, partial penetration welds were more susceptible to cracking than full penetration welds. This was partly attri...
Source: Physics Procedia - September 26, 2017 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Embedding Carbon Fibre Structures in Metal Matrixes for Additive Manufacturing
Publication date: 2017 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 89 Author(s): Jan Frostevarg, Stephanie Robertson It is possible to reinforce structures and components using carbon fibres for applications in electronics and medicine, but most commonly used in reinforcing resin fibre composites for personal protection equipment and light weight constructions. Carbon fibres act as stress redistributors while having increased electrical and thermal conductivities. These properties could also be utilized in metal matrixes, if the fibres are properly fused to the metal and the structure remains intact. Another recently developed hig...
Source: Physics Procedia - September 26, 2017 Category: Physics Source Type: research
The Structure and Properties of the Samples Produced by Selective Laser Melting of 410L Steel-based Metal Powder
Publication date: 2017 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 89 Author(s): Artem Deev, Pavel Kuznetsov, Anton Zhukov, Vitaliy Bobyr Additive technologies, which obtained the wide spreading in the last decade, allow producing items of any shape from metal materials practically without additional mechanical treatment. This approach based on the layer by layer melting of powder material accordingly to the premade 3D-CAD model, provides the geometrical accuracy which mostly depends on the size of the used material. In the present study, as material a 410 L steel powder was chosen, for which the basic dependencies between the s...
Source: Physics Procedia - September 26, 2017 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Additive Manufacturing in Offsite Repair of Consumer Electronics
Publication date: 2017 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 89 Author(s): Sergei Chekurov, Mika Salmi Spare parts for products that are at the end of their life cycles, but still under warranty, are logistically difficult because they are commonly not stored in the central warehouse. These uncommon spare parts occupy valuable space in smaller inventories and take a long time to be transported to the point of need, thus delaying the repair process. This paper proposes that storing the spare parts on a server and producing them with additive manufacturing (AM) on demand can shorten the repair cycle by simplifying the logistic...
Source: Physics Procedia - September 26, 2017 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Hybrid Welding of 45 mm High Strength Steel Sections
Publication date: 2017 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 89 Author(s): Ivan Bunaziv, Jan Frostevarg, Odd M. Akselsen, Alexander F. Kaplan Thick section welding has significant importance for oil and gas industry in low temperature regions. Arc welding is usually employed providing suitable quality joints with acceptable toughness at low temperatures with very limited productivity compared to modern high power laser systems. Laser-arc hybrid welding (LAHW) can enhance the productivity by several times due to higher penetration depth from laser beam and combined advantages of both heat sources. LAHW was applied to join 4...
Source: Physics Procedia - September 26, 2017 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Considerations on the construction of a Powder Bed Fusion platform for Additive Manufacturing
Publication date: 2017 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 89 Author(s): Sebastian Aagaard Andersen, Karl-Emil Nielsen, David Bue Pedersen, Jakob Skov Nielsen As the demand for moulds and other tools becomes increasingly specific and complex, an additive manufacturing approach to production is making its way to the industry through laser based consolidation of metal powder particles by a method known as powder bed fusion. This paper concerns a variety of design choices facilitating the development of an experimental powder bed fusion machine tool, capable of manufacturing metal parts with strength matching that of conven...
Source: Physics Procedia - September 26, 2017 Category: Physics Source Type: research
A Freeware Path to Neutron Computed Tomography
Publication date: 2017 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 88 Author(s): Burkhard Schillinger, Aaron E. Craft Neutron computed tomography has become a routine method at many neutron sources due to the availability of digital detection systems, powerful computers and advanced software. The commercial packages Octopus by Inside Matters and VGStudio by Volume Graphics have been established as a quasi-standard for high-end computed tomography. However, these packages require a stiff investment and are available to the users only on-site at the imaging facility to do their data processing. There is a demand from users to have i...
Source: Physics Procedia - June 24, 2017 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Study of Signal to Noise Ratio of Coded Source Neutron Imaging with Analysis Method and Numerical Simulation
Publication date: 2017 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 88 Author(s): Sheng Wang, Hang Li, Chao Cao, Yang Wu, Heyong Huo, Bin Tang, Yubin Zou, Yuanrong Lu, Guoyou Tang, Zhiyu Guo Coded source imaging (CSI) technique could increase the utilization rate of neutron when high L/D required in neutron imaging. The images need to be reconstructed from the raw projections. The reconstruction would amplify the noise of the raw projection, which will affect the quality of reconstructed images. Study of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) in CSI shows image quality depends on geometry structure and neutron beam parameters. With an...
Source: Physics Procedia - June 24, 2017 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Computational Analysis Supporting the Design of a New Beamline for the Mines Neutron Radiography Facility
Publication date: 2017 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 88 Author(s): C. Wilson, J. King The Colorado School of Mines installed a neutron radiography system at the United States Geological Survey TRIGA reactor in 2012. An upgraded beamline could dramatically improve the imaging capabilities of this system. This project performed computational analyses to support the design of a new beamline, with the major goals of minimizing beam divergence and maximizing beam intensity. The new beamline will consist of a square aluminum tube with an 11.43cm (4.5 in) inner side length and 0.635cm (0.25 in) thick walls. It is the same l...
Source: Physics Procedia - June 24, 2017 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Further Improvement of the RITS Code for Pulsed Neutron Bragg-edge Transmission Imaging
Publication date: 2017 Source:Physics Procedia, Volume 88 Author(s): H. Sato, K. Watanabe, K. Kiyokawa, R. Kiyanagi, K.Y. Hara, T. Kamiyama, M. Furusaka, T. Shinohara, Y. Kiyanagi The RITS code is a unique and powerful tool for a whole Bragg-edge transmission spectrum fitting analysis. However, it has had two major problems. Therefore, we have proposed methods to overcome these problems. The first issue is the difference in the crystallite size values between the diffraction and the Bragg-edge analyses. We found the reason was a different definition of the crystal structure factor. It affects the crystallite siz...
Source: Physics Procedia - June 24, 2017 Category: Physics Source Type: research
