Deletion of the nuclear localization sequence and C-terminus of parathyroid hormone-related protein decreases osteogenesis and chondrogenesis but increases adipogenesis and myogenesis in murine bone marrow stromal cells
In conclusion, the nuclear localization sequence and C-terminus are pro-osteochondrogenic, anti-adipogenic, and anti-myogenic. (Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering)
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - October 12, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Hildreth, B. E., Hernon, K. M., Dirksen, W. P., Leong, J., Supsavhad, W., Boyaka, P. N., Rosol, T. J., Toribio, R. E. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Platelet-rich plasma releasate differently stimulates cellular commitment toward the chondrogenic lineage according to concentration
In conclusion, platelet-rich plasma releasate was able to prevent cellular chondrogenic capacity loss, inducing regain of their phenotype, and modulate cell commitment. Our data support the hypothesis of platelet-rich plasma chondrogenic potential, allowing fetal bovine serum substitution for platelet-rich plasma releasate at specific concentrations in culture medium when chondrogenic commitment is desired on specific cell types and moments of culture. (Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering)
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - July 9, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Authors: do Amaral, R. J., Matsiko, A., Tomazette, M. R., Rocha, W. K., Cordeiro-Spinetti, E., Levingstone, T. J., Farina, M., O'Brien, F. J., El-Cheikh, M. C., Balduino, A. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Vertical osteoconductivity of sputtered hydroxyapatite-coated mini titanium implants after dura mater elevation: Rabbit calvarial model
This study evaluated the quantity and quality of newly formed vertical bone induced by sputtered hydroxyapatite-coated titanium implants compared with sandblasted acid-etched implants after dura mater elevation. Hydroxyapatite-coated and non-coated implants (n = 20/group) were used and divided equally into two groups. All implants were randomly placed into rabbit calvarial bone (four implants for each animal) emerging from the inferior cortical layer, displacing the dura mater 3 mm below the original bone. Animals were sacrificed at 4 (n = 5) and 8 (n = 5) weeks post-surgery. Vertical bone height and area were analyzed his...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - July 3, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Wang, X., Zakaria, O., Madi, M., Kasugai, S. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Isolation of adipose and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells using CD29 and CD90 modifies their capacity for osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation
In conclusion, we identify that maintaining heterogeneity within the mesenchymal stem cell population may be important for optimal differentiation. (Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering)
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - June 25, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Davies, O. G., Cooper, P. R., Shelton, R. M., Smith, A. J., Scheven, B. A. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Elucidating the cellular actions of demineralised dentine matrix extract on a clonal dental pulp stem cell population in orchestrating dental tissue repair
This study examined the specific biological action of demineralised dentine matrix extract on a clonal population of dental pulp stem cells in stimulating the prerequisite stages of wound healing associated with mineralised tissue repair. A clonal dental pulp stem cell population with sustained proliferative capacity and multi-potentiality towards osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages was isolated from the pulp of human third molars. Dentine was collected from human healthy teeth, powdered and treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid to obtain a solubilised DDM protein extract. The influence of DDM on the DP...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - May 18, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Lee, C. P., Colombo, J. S., Ayre, W. N., Sloan, A. J., Waddington, R. J. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Analysis of type II diabetes mellitus adipose-derived stem cells for tissue engineering applications
To address the functionality of diabetic adipose-derived stem cells in tissue engineering applications, adipose-derived stem cells isolated from patients with and without type II diabetes mellitus were cultured in bioreactor culture systems. The adipose-derived stem cells were differentiated into adipocytes and maintained as functional adipocytes. The bioreactor system utilizes a hollow fiber–based technology for three-dimensional perfusion of tissues in vitro, creating a model in which long-term culture of adipocytes is feasible, and providing a potential tool useful for drug discovery. Daily metabolic activity of t...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - April 10, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Minteer, D. M., Young, M. T., Lin, Y.-C., Over, P. J., Rubin, J. P., Gerlach, J. C., Marra, K. G. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Subfractions of enamel matrix derivative differentially influence cytokine secretion from human oral fibroblasts
Enamel matrix derivative is used to promote periodontal regeneration during the corrective phase of the treatment of periodontal defects. Our main goal was to analyze the bioactivity of different molecular weight fractions of enamel matrix derivative. Enamel matrix derivative, a complex mixture of proteins, was separated into 13 fractions using size-exclusion chromatography and characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts were treated with either enamel matrix de...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - March 24, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Villa, O., Brookes, S. J., Thiede, B., Heijl, L., Lyngstadaas, S. P., Reseland, J. E. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Alginate hydrogel enriched with enamel matrix derivative to target osteogenic cell differentiation in TiO2 scaffolds
The purpose of bone tissue engineering is to employ scaffolds, cells, and growth factors to facilitate healing of bone defects. The aim of this study was to assess the viability and osteogenic differentiation of primary human osteoblasts and adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells from various donors on titanium dioxide (TiO2) scaffolds coated with an alginate hydrogel enriched with enamel matrix derivative. Cells were harvested for quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on days 14 and 21, and medium was collected on days 2, 14, and 21 for protein analyses. Neither coating with alginate hy...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - March 17, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Pullisaar, H., Verket, A., Szoke, K., Tiainen, H., Haugen, H. J., Brinchmann, J. E., Reseland, J. E., Ostrup, E. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Growth factor and ultrasound-assisted bioreactor synergism for human mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis
Ultrasound at 5.0 MHz was noted to be chondro-inductive, with improved SOX-9 gene and COL2A1 protein expression in constructs that allowed for cell-to-cell contact. To achieve tissue-engineered cartilage using macroporous scaffolds, it is hypothesized that a combination of ultrasound at 5.0 MHz and transforming growth factor-β3 induces human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to chondrocytes. Expression of miR-145 was used as a metric to qualitatively assess the efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cell conversion. Our results suggest that in group 1 (no transforming growth factor-β3, no ultrasound), as anticipa...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - January 19, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Thakurta, S. G., Budhiraja, G., Subramanian, A. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
The extracellular matrix: Structure, composition, age-related differences, tools for analysis and applications for tissue engineering
The extracellular matrix is a structural support network made up of diverse proteins, sugars and other components. It influences a wide number of cellular processes including migration, wound healing and differentiation, all of which is of particular interest to researchers in the field of tissue engineering. Understanding the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix will aid in exploring the ways the extracellular matrix can be utilised in tissue engineering applications especially as a scaffold. This review summarises the current knowledge of the composition, structure and functions of the extracellular matr...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - December 21, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Kular, J. K., Basu, S., Sharma, R. I. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
In vitro evaluation of bi-layer silk fibroin scaffolds for gastrointestinal tissue engineering
Silk fibroin scaffolds were investigated for their ability to support attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of human gastrointestinal epithelial and smooth muscle cell lines in order to ascertain their potential for tissue engineering. A bi-layer silk fibroin matrix composed of a porous silk fibroin foam annealed to a homogeneous silk fibroin film was evaluated in parallel with small intestinal submucosa scaffolds. AlamarBlue analysis revealed that silk fibroin scaffolds supported significantly higher levels of small intestinal smooth muscle cell, colon smooth muscle cell, and esophageal smooth muscle cell attachm...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - November 7, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Franck, D., Chung, Y. G., Coburn, J., Kaplan, D. L., Estrada, C. R., Mauney, J. R. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
The fusion of tissue spheroids attached to pre-stretched electrospun polyurethane scaffolds
Effective cell invasion into thick electrospun biomimetic scaffolds is an unsolved problem. One possible strategy to biofabricate tissue constructs of desirable thickness and material properties without the need for cell invasion is to use thin (<2 µm) porous electrospun meshes and self-assembling (capable of tissue fusion) tissue spheroids as building blocks. Pre-stretched electrospun meshes remained taut in cell culture and were able to support tissue spheroids with minimal deformation. We hypothesize that elastic electrospun scaffolds could be used as temporal support templates for rapid self-assembly of cell s...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - November 7, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Beachley, V., Kasyanov, V., Nagy-Mehesz, A., Norris, R., Ozolanta, I., Kalejs, M., Stradins, P., Baptista, L., da Silva, K., Grainjero, J., Wen, X., Mironov, V. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
A review of adipocyte lineage cells and dermal papilla cells in hair follicle regeneration
Alopecia is an exceedingly prevalent problem effecting men and women of all ages. The standard of care for alopecia involves either transplanting existing hair follicles to bald areas or attempting to stimulate existing follicles with topical and/or oral medication. Yet, these treatment options are fraught with problems of cost, side effects, and, most importantly, inadequate long-term hair coverage. Innovative cell-based therapies have focused on the dermal papilla cell as a way to grow new hair in previously bald areas. However, despite this attention, many obstacles exist, including retention of dermal papilla inducing ...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - October 29, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Zhang, P., Kling, R. E., Ravuri, S. K., Kokai, L. E., Rubin, J. P., Chai, J.-k., Marra, K. G. Tags: Review Source Type: research
The effect of different biologic and biosynthetic wound covers on keratinocyte growth, stratification and differentiation in vitro
The purpose of this study was to compare, by means of in vitro cultivation technique, five marketed brands of wound covers used in the treatment of burns and other skin defects (Biobrane®, Suprathel®, Veloderm®, Xe-Derma®, and Xenoderm®) for their ability to stimulate the keratinocyte growth, stratification, and differentiation. In three independent experiments, human keratinocytes were grown on the tested covers in organotypic cultures by the 3T3 feeder layer technique. Vertical paraffin sections of the wound covers with keratinocytes were processed using hematoxylin–eosin staining and immunostai...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - October 16, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Matouškova, E., Mestak, O. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Interphotoreceptor matrix-poly({epsilon}-caprolactone) composite scaffolds for human photoreceptor differentiation
Tissue engineering has been widely applied in different areas of regenerative medicine, including retinal regeneration. Typically, artificial biopolymers require additional surface modification (e.g. with arginine–glycine–aspartate-containing peptides or adsorption of protein, such as fibronectin), before cell seeding. Here, we describe an alternative approach for scaffold design: the manufacture of hybrid interphotoreceptor matrix-poly (-caprolactone) scaffolds, in which the insoluble extracellular matrix of the retina is incorporated into a biodegradable polymer well suited for transplantation. The incorporat...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - October 7, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Baranov, P., Michaelson, A., Kundu, J., Carrier, R. L., Young, M. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
