Combined decellularisation and dehydration improves the mechanical properties of tissue-engineered sinews
Novel sources of replacement sinews are needed to repair damaged tissue after injury. The current methods of repair ultilise autografts, allografts or xenografts, although each method has distinct disadvantages that limit their success. Decellularisation of harvested tissues has been previously investigated for sinew repair with the long-term aim of repopulating the structure with autologous cells. Although this procedure shows promise, the demand for donor scaffolds will always outweigh supply. Here, we report the fabrication of fibrin-based tissue-engineered sinews, which can be decellularised, dehydrated and stored. The...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - May 23, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Lebled, C., Grover, L. M., Paxton, J. Z. Tags: Article Source Type: research
Cefazolin-loaded mesoporous silicon microparticles show sustained bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus
This study demonstrates that the sustained release of cefazolin from mesoporous silicon microparticles provides immediate and long-term control over bacterial growth both in suspension and adhesion while causing minimal toxicity to a population of mesenchymal stem cell. Mesoporous silicon microparticles offer significant advantageous properties for drug delivery applications in tissue engineering as it favorably extends drug bioavailability and stability, while reducing concomitant cytotoxicity to the surrounding tissues. (Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering)
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - May 19, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Yazdi, I. K., Murphy, M. B., Loo, C., Liu, X., Ferrari, M., Weiner, B. K., Tasciotti, E. Tags: Article Source Type: research
Investigation of the limits of nanoscale filopodial interactions
Mesenchymal stem cells are sensitive to changes in feature height, order and spacing. We had previously noted that there was an inverse relationship between osteoinductive potential and feature height on 15-, 55- and 90 nm-high titania nanopillars, with 15 nm-high pillars being the most effective substrate at inducing osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells. The osteoinductive effect was somewhat diminished by decreasing the feature height to 8 nm, however, which suggested that there was a cut-off point, potentially associated with a change in cell–nanofeature interactions. To investigate this further, in this s...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - May 15, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: McNamara, L. E., Sjostrom, T., Seunarine, K., Meek, R. D., Su, B., Dalby, M. J. Tags: Article Source Type: research
Immunogenicity of undifferentiated and differentiated allogeneic mouse mesenchymal stem cells
This study investigated the (1) immunogenicity and (2) immunomodulatory properties of bone marrow-derived MSC using an allogeneic mouse model involving Balb/c (responder) and C3H (stimulator) mice. Dermal fibroblasts (DF) were used as controls for cells of mesenchymal origin. Adaptations of the lymphocyte transformation assay (LTA) and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) were used to investigate the immunogenicity and immunomodulatory properties of allogeneic undifferentiated and chondrogenic-differentiated MSC and DF. Both MSC and DF displayed a similar phenotypic profile with the exception of lower expression of CD44 and CD1...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - April 29, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Mukonoweshuro, B., Brown, C. J., Fisher, J., Ingham, E. Tags: Article Source Type: research
Extracellular matrix formation in self-assembled minimalistic bioactive hydrogels based on aromatic peptide amphiphiles
This study involved small-molecule-based bioactive hydrogels produced by the co-assembly of two aromatic peptide amphiphiles: Fmoc-FF (Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-diphenylalanine) and Fmoc-RGD (arginine–glycine–aspartic acid). Three-dimensionally cultured human dermal fibroblasts deposited dense ECM networks including fibronectin and collagen I within the hydrogels in a 14-day culture. The fibroblasts organized the fibrous ECM and contracted the gel without differentiating into myofibroblasts. The stiffness of the cell-gel constructs increased dramatically due to ECM formation and gel contraction. This created an ...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - April 16, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Zhou, M., Ulijn, R. V., Gough, J. E. Tags: Article Source Type: research
Uniaxial cyclic strain of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and C2C12 myoblasts in coculture
Tissue engineering skeletal muscle in vitro is of great importance for the production of tissue-like constructs for treating tissue loss due to traumatic injury or surgery. However, it is essential to find new sources of cells for muscle engineering as efficient in vitro expansion and culture of primary myoblasts are problematic. Mesenchymal stem cells may be a promising source of myogenic progenitor cells and may be harvested in large numbers from adipose tissue. As skeletal muscle is a mechanically dynamic tissue, we have investigated the effect of cyclic mechanical strain on the myogenic differentiation of a coculture s...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - March 27, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Dugan, J. M., Cartmell, S. H., Gough, J. E. Tags: Article Source Type: research
Freeze-dried allograft-mediated gene or protein delivery of growth and differentiation factor 5 reduces reconstructed murine flexor tendon adhesions
In this study, we compared the effects of loading freeze-dried allografts with different doses of GDF-5 protein or rAAV-Gdf5 on flexor tendon healing and adhesions. We first optimized the protein and viral loading parameters using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and in vivo bioluminescent imaging. We then reconstructed flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendons of the mouse hindlimb with allografts loaded with low and high doses of recombinant GDF-5 protein and rAAV-Gdf5 and evaluated joint flexion and biomechanical properties of the reconstructed tendon. In v...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - March 27, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Hasslund, S., Dadali, T., Ulrich-Vinther, M., Soballe, K., Schwarz, E. M., Awad, H. A. Tags: Article Source Type: research
Bone regeneration of calvarial defect using marine calcareous-derived beta-tricalcium phosphate macrospheres
The aim of this study was to examine the bone regeneration properties of beta-tricalcium phosphate hydrothermally converted from foraminifera carbonate exoskeleton in the repair of rat calvarial defect. These natural materials possess unique interconnected porous network with uniform pore size distribution, which can be potentially advantageous. In total, 20 adult male Wistar rats received full-thickness calvarial defect with a diameter of 5 mm. The rate of newly formed bone was measured radiologically by X-ray and micro-computed tomography and by histologic examination. After 2 weeks, the beta-tricalcium phosphate group e...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - February 27, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Chou, J., Hao, J., Kuroda, S., Ben-Nissan, B., Milthopre, B., Otsuka, M. Tags: Article Source Type: research
Myogenic-induced mesenchymal stem cells are capable of modulating the immune response by regulatory T cells
Cell therapy for patients who have intractable muscle disorders may require highly regenerative cells from young, healthy allogeneic donors. Mesenchymal stem cells are currently under clinical investigation because they are known to induce muscle regeneration and believed to be immune privileged, thus making them suitable for allogeneic applications. However, it is unclear whether allogeneic and myogenic-induced mesenchymal stem cells retain their immunomodulatory characteristics. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the effects of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation on the immune characteristics of cells in vitro. We inve...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - February 18, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Joo, S., Lim, H. J., Jackson, J. D., Atala, A., Yoo, J. J. Tags: Article Source Type: research
Root maturation and dentin-pulp response to enamel matrix derivative in pulpotomized permanent teeth
This study aimed to evaluate the histological and histomorphometric response of dentin–pulp complex to the enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain® gel) compared to that of calcium hydroxide when used as a pulp dressing in immature young permanent dogs’ teeth. Dentin-like tissues bridging the full width of the coronal pulp at the interface between the injured and healthy pulp tissues were seen after 1 month in both groups. With time, the dentin bridge increased in thickness for calcium hydroxide but disintegrated and fully disappeared for Emdogain-treated group. Progressive inflammation and total pulp degenerati...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - February 2, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Darwish, S. S., Abd El Meguid, S. H., Wahba, N. A., Mohamed, A. A.-R., Chrzanowski, W., Abou Neel, E. A. Tags: Article Source Type: research
In vitro ovarian cancer model based on three-dimensional agarose hydrogel
In this study, ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 was encapsulated in agarose hydrogel with cell aggregates and two-dimensional culture as controls. In vitro cell proliferation was assessed by MTT and cell viability was examined at time points of 2, 4, and 6 days. The expression of tumor malignancy markers including matrix metalloproteinase 2, matrix metalloproteinase 9, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor–A was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that cells proliferated more rapidly in three-dimensional agarose culture than controls. Furthermore, upre...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - January 16, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Xu, G., Yin, F., Wu, H., Hu, X., Zheng, L., Zhao, J. Tags: Article Source Type: research
Is bone transplantation the gold standard for repair of alveolar bone defects?
New strategies to fulfill craniofacial bone defects have gained attention in recent years due to the morbidity of autologous bone graft harvesting. We aimed to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of bone tissue engineering strategy using mesenchymal stem cells associated with two matrices (bovine bone mineral and α-tricalcium phosphate), compared to an autologous bone transfer. A total of 28 adult, male, non-immunosuppressed Wistar rats underwent a critical-sized osseous defect of 5 mm diameter in the alveolar region. Animals were divided into five groups. Group 1 (n = 7) defects were repaired with autogenous bone grafts; ...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - January 16, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Raposo-Amaral, C. E., Bueno, D. F., Almeida, A. B., Jorgetti, V., Costa, C. C., Gouveia, C. H., Vulcano, L. C., Fanganiello, R. D., Passos-Bueno, M. R., Alonso, N. Tags: Article Source Type: research
