Directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into chondrogenic lineages for articular cartilage treatment
In recent years, increases in the number of articular cartilage injuries caused by environmental factors or pathological conditions have led to a notable rise in the incidence of premature osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis, considered a disease of civilization, is the leading cause of disability. At present, standard methods for treating damaged articular cartilage, including autologous chondrocyte implantation or microfracture, are short-term solutions with important side effects. Emerging treatments include the use of induced pluripotent stem cells, a technique that could provide a new tool for treatment of joint damage. Ho...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - October 7, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Lach, M., Trzeciak, T., Richter, M., Pawlicz, J., Suchorska, W. M. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Scanning electron microscopical observation of an osteoblast/osteoclast co-culture on micropatterned orthopaedic ceramics
In biomaterial engineering, the surface of an implant can influence cell differentiation, adhesion and affinity towards the implant. On contact with an implant, bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stromal cells demonstrate differentiation towards bone forming osteoblasts, which can improve osteointegration. The process of micropatterning has been shown to improve osteointegration in polymers, but there are few reports surrounding ceramics. The purpose of this study was to establish a co-culture of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stromal cells with osteoclast progenitor cells and to observe the response to micropatt...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - September 22, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Halai, M., Ker, A., Meek, R. D., Nadeem, D., Sjostrom, T., Su, B., McNamara, L. E., Dalby, M. J., Young, P. S. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Quantitative assessment of barriers to the clinical development and adoption of cellular therapies: A pilot study
There has been a large increase in basic science activity in cell therapy and a growing portfolio of cell therapy trials. However, the number of industry products available for widespread clinical use does not match this magnitude of activity. We hypothesize that the paucity of engagement with the clinical community is a key contributor to the lack of commercially successful cell therapy products. To investigate this, we launched a pilot study to survey clinicians from five specialities and to determine what they believe to be the most significant barriers to cellular therapy clinical development and adoption. Our study sh...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - September 22, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Davies, B. M., Rikabi, S., French, A., Pinedo-Villanueva, R., Morrey, M. E., Wartolowska, K., Judge, A., MacLaren, R. E., Mathur, A., Williams, D. J., Wall, I., Birchall, M., Reeve, B., Atala, A., Barker, R. W., Cui, Z., Furniss, D., Bure, K., Snyder, E. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Prospective isolation of human bone marrow stromal cell subsets: A comparative study between Stro-1-, CD146- and CD105-enriched populations
This study has compared CD146-, CD105- and Stro-1 (individual and in combination)-enriched human bone marrow stromal cell subsets and assessed whether these endothelial/perivascular markers offer further selection over conventional Stro-1. Fluorescent cell sorting quantification showed that CD146 and CD105 both targeted smaller (2.22% ± 0.59% and 6.94% ± 1.34%, respectively) and potentially different human bone marrow stromal cell fractions compared to Stro-1 (16.29% ± 0.78%). CD146+, but not CD105+, cells exhibited similar alkaline phosphatase–positive colony-forming efficiency in vitro and coll...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - September 19, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Gothard, D., Greenhough, J., Ralph, E., Oreffo, R. O. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Electrospun silk fibroin fiber diameter influences in vitro dermal fibroblast behavior and promotes healing of ex vivo wound models
Replicating the nanostructured components of extracellular matrix is a target for dermal tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Electrospinning Bombyx mori silk fibroin (BMSF) allows the production of nano- to microscale fibrous scaffolds. For BMSF electrospun scaffolds to be successful, understanding and optimizing the cellular response to material morphology is essential. Primary human dermal fibroblast response to nine variants of BMSF scaffolds composed of nano- to microscale fibers ranging from ~250 to ~1200 nm was assessed in vitro with regard to cell proliferation, viability, cellular morphology, and gene exp...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - September 19, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Hodgkinson, T., Yuan, X.-F., Bayat, A. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
A review on the use of cell therapy in the treatment of tendon disease and injuries
Tendon disease and injuries carry significant morbidity worldwide in both athletic and non-athletic populations. It is estimated that tendon injuries account for 30%–50% of all musculoskeletal injuries globally. Current treatments have been inadequate in providing an accelerated process of repair resulting in high relapse rates. Modern concepts in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have led to increasing interest in the application of cell therapy for the treatment of tendon disease. This review will explore the use of cell therapy, by bringing together up-to-date evidence from in vivo human and animal stud...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - September 19, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Ho, J. O., Sawadkar, P., Mudera, V. Tags: Review Source Type: research
The efficacy of cetuximab in a tissue-engineered three-dimensional in vitro model of colorectal cancer
The preclinical development process of chemotherapeutic drugs is often carried out in two-dimensional monolayer cultures. However, a considerable amount of evidence demonstrates that two-dimensional cell culture does not accurately reflect the three-dimensional in vivo tumour microenvironment, specifically with regard to gene expression profiles, oxygen and nutrient gradients and pharmacokinetics. With this objective in mind, we have developed and established a physiologically relevant three-dimensional in vitro model of colorectal cancer based on the removal of interstitial fluid from collagen type I hydrogels. We employe...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - July 23, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Magdeldin, T., Lopez-Davila, V., Villemant, C., Cameron, G., Drake, R., Cheema, U., Loizidou, M. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Dynamic cell culture on calcium phosphate microcarriers for bone tissue engineering applications
Developing appropriate cell culturing techniques to populate scaffolds has become a great challenge in tissue engineering. This work describes the use of spinner flask dynamic cell cultures to populate hydroxyapatite microcarriers for bone tissue engineering. The microcarriers were obtained through the emulsion of a self-setting aqueous α-tricalcium phosphate slurry in oil. After setting, hydroxyapatite microcarriers were obtained. The incorporation of gelatin in the liquid phase of the α-tricalcium phosphate slurry allowed obtaining hybrid gelatin/hydroxyapatite-microcarriers. Initial cell attachment on the mi...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - July 23, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Perez, R. A., Riccardi, K., Altankov, G., Ginebra, M.-P. Tags: Article Source Type: research
Strategies for osteochondral repair: Focus on scaffolds
Interest in osteochondral repair has been increasing with the growing number of sports-related injuries, accident traumas, and congenital diseases and disorders. Although therapeutic interventions are entering an advanced stage, current surgical procedures are still in their infancy. Unlike other tissues, the osteochondral zone shows a high level of gradient and interfacial tissue organization between bone and cartilage, and thus has unique characteristics related to the ability to resist mechanical...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - July 23, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Seo, S.-J., Mahapatra, C., Singh, R. K., Knowles, J. C., Kim, H.-W. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Co-cultured tissue-specific scaffolds for tendon/bone interface engineering
In conclusion, initial steps to create tissue-specific fibroblast and osteoblast regions on a degradable scaffold were successful in preparation for further characterization investigations as a tendon-to-bone interface scaffold. (Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering)
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - July 8, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Cooper, J. O., Bumgardner, J. D., Cole, J. A., Smith, R. A., Haggard, W. O. Tags: Article Source Type: research
Human osteoblasts within soft peptide hydrogels promote mineralisation in vitro
This study explores the potential of the versatile ionic-complementary peptide, FEFEFKFK, for such a purpose as this peptide spontaneously self-assembles into β-sheet-rich fibres that subsequently self-associate to form self-supporting hydrogels. Via simple live/dead cell assays, we demonstrated that 3 wt% hydrogels were optimal for the support of osteoblast cells. We went on to show that these cells are not only viable within the three-dimensional hydrogel but they also proliferate and produce osteogenic key proteins, that is, they behave like in vivo bone cells, over the 14-day period explored here. The gel elastici...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - July 3, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Castillo Diaz, L. A., Saiani, A., Gough, J. E., Miller, A. F. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Rapid prototyped porous nickel-titanium scaffolds as bone substitutes
While calcium phosphate–based ceramics are currently the most widely used materials in bone repair, they generally lack tensile strength for initial load bearing. Bulk titanium is the gold standard of metallic implant materials, but does not match the mechanical properties of the surrounding bone, potentially leading to problems of fixation and bone resorption. As an alternative, nickel–titanium alloys possess a unique combination of mechanical properties including a relatively low elastic modulus, pseudoelasticity, and high damping capacity, matching the properties of bone better than any other metallic materi...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - June 27, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Hoffmann, W., Bormann, T., Rossi, A., Muller, B., Schumacher, R., Martin, I., de Wild, M., Wendt, D. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Biological effects of soft denture reline materials on L929 cells in vitro
Soft denture reline materials have been developed to help patients when their oral mucosa is damaged or affected due to ill-fitting dentures or post-implant surgery. Although reports have indicated that these materials leach monomers and other components that do affect their biocompatibility, there is little information on what cell molecules may be implicated in these material/tissue interactions. The biocompatibility of six soft liners (Ufi Gel P, Sofreliner S, Durabase Soft, Trusoft, Softone and Coe Comfort) was evaluated using a mouse fibroblast cell line, L929. Within 2 h of material disc preparation, each of the mate...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - June 24, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Chaves, C. A., Vergani, C. E., Thomas, D., Young, A., Costa, C. A., Salih, V. M., Machado, A. L. Tags: Article Source Type: research
Calcium phosphate thin films enhance the response of human mesenchymal stem cells to nanostructured titanium surfaces
This article presents a study of mesenchymal stem cell response to conformal bioactive calcium phosphate thin films sputter deposited onto a polycrystalline titanium nanostructured surface with proven capability to directly induce osteogenic differentiation in human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells. The sputter deposited surfaces supported high levels of human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cell adherence and proliferation, as determined by DNA quantification. Furthermore, they were also found to be capable of directly promoting significant levels of osteogenic differentiation. Specifically, alk...
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - May 28, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: McCafferty, M. M., Burke, G. A., Meenan, B. J. Tags: Article Source Type: research
In vitro osteoinductive potential of porous monetite for bone tissue engineering
This study provides evidence of a suitable material that has potential properties to be used as a tissue engineering scaffold. (Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering)
Source: Journal of Tissue Engineering - May 28, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Idowu, B., Cama, G., Deb, S., Di Silvio, L. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
