Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Apolipoprotein E Genotype Affects Size of ApoE Complexes in Cerebrospinal Fluid
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is associated with lipoproteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). APOE4 increases and APOE2 decreases the risk for Alzheimer disease (AD) compared to the risk associated with APOE3. Because apoE4 is less efficient at cholesterol efflux than apoE2 or apoE3 in vitro, we hypothesized that APOE genotype may affect apoE particle size in vivo and that these size differences may be related to AD risk. We used nondenaturing gel electrophoresis to test for differences in the size of apoE complexes in human CSF samples of various APOE genotypes and created profiles of each sample to compare the patterns of ap...
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - September 19, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Heinsinger, N. M., Gachechiladze, M. A., Rebeck, G. W. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

In This Issue
(Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology)
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - September 19, 2016 Category: Neurology Tags: In This Issue Source Type: research

Amyloid-{beta} Precursor Protein Modulates the Sorting of Testican-1 and Contributes to Its Accumulation in Brain Tissue and Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with Alzheimer Disease
In conclusion, patient data reflect a clearance impairment that may favor Aβ accumulation in AD brains and our in vitro model supports the notion that the interaction between APP and Testican-1 may be a key step in the production and aggregation of Aβ species. (Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology)
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - September 7, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Barrera-Ocampo, A., Arlt, S., Matschke, J., Hartmann, U., Puig, B., Ferrer, I., Zürbig, P., Glatzel, M., Sepulveda-Falla, D., Jahn, H. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

DNA Damage Response and DNA Repair in Skeletal Myocytes From a Mouse Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy
We studied DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair capacities of skeletal muscle cells from a mouse model of infantile spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) caused by loss-of-function mutation of survival of motor neuron (Smn). Primary myocyte cultures derived from skeletal muscle satellite cells of neonatal control and mutant SMN mice had similar myotube length, myonuclei, satellite cell marker Pax7 and differentiated myotube marker myosin, and acetylcholine receptor clustering. DNA damage was induced in differentiated skeletal myotubes by -irradiation, etoposide, and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). Unexposed control and SMA myot...
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - September 7, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Fayzullina, S., Martin, L. J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

ROR{gamma}t Expression and Lymphoid Neogenesis in the Brain of Patients with Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Ectopic B-cell follicle-like structures (ELS) are found in the meninges of patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). Because cells expressing the transcriptional regulator retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-t (RORt) and producing interleukin 17 (IL17), e.g. T helper 17 cells and lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells, have been implicated in the formation of ELS, we studied RORt and IL17 expression in brain tissue from patients with SPMS an assessed their relationships to immune infiltrates and meningeal ELS. By immunohistochemistry, small numbers of RORt-positive cells were detected in the me...
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - September 7, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Serafini, B., Rosicarelli, B., Veroni, C., Zhou, L., Reali, C., Aloisi, F. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Tenascin-C Is Associated with Cored Amyloid-{beta} Plaques in Alzheimer Disease and Pathology Burdened Cognitively Normal Elderly
We examined the distribution of TN-C immunoreactivity (ir) in relation to amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and vascular Aβ deposits in autopsy brain tissues from 14 patients with clinical and neuropathological AD and 10 aged-matched controls with no cognitive impairment; 5 of the controls had Aβ plaques and 5 did not. TN-C ir was abundant in cortical white matter and subpial cerebral gray matter in all cases, whereas TN-C ir was weak in blood vessels. In all cases with Aβ plaques but not in plaque-free controls, TN-C ir was detected as large (>100 µm in diameter) diffuse extracellular deposits in co...
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - September 7, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Mi, Z., Halfter, W., Abrahamson, E. E., Klunk, W. E., Mathis, C. A., Mufson, E. J., Ikonomovic, M. D. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Fibrosis of the Choroid Plexus Filtration Membrane
We report a previously undescribed inflammatory lesion consisting of deposition of activated complement (C3d and C9neo) in association with major histocompatibility complex type II (MHC2)-positive activated microglia in choroid plexus villi exhibiting classical fibrous thickening of the pericapillary filtration membrane. The proportion of villi affected ranged from 5% to 90% in 56 adult subjects with diseases of the CNS and 11 subjects with no preexisting disease of the CNS. In 3 of the 4 children studied, 2% or less of examined villi showed stromal thickening, complement deposition, and the presence of MHC2-positive micro...
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - September 7, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Prineas, J. W., Parratt, J. D. E., Kirwan, P. D. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Regional Myelin and Axon Damage and Neuroinflammation in the Adult Mouse Brain After Long-Term Postnatal Vanadium Exposure
Environmental exposure to vanadium occurs in areas of persistent burning of fossil fuels; this metal is known to induce oxidative stress and oligodendrocyte damage. Here, we determined whether vanadium exposure (3 mg/kg) in mice during the first 3 postnatal months leads to a sustained neuroinflammatory response. Body weight monitoring, and muscle strength and open field tests showed reduction of body weight gain and locomotor impairment in vanadium-exposed mice. Myelin histochemistry and immunohistochemistry for astrocytes, microglia, and nonphosphorylated neurofilaments revealed striking regional heterogeneity. Myelin dam...
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - September 7, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Azeez, I. A., Olopade, F., Laperchia, C., Andrioli, A., Scambi, I., Onwuka, S. K., Bentivoglio, M., Olopade, J. O. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Cellular Profiles and Molecular Mediators of Lesion Cascades in the Placode in Human Open Spinal Neural Tube Defects
Myelomeningoceles (mmc) are clinically challenging CNS malformations. Although improvement in their management has been achieved with respect to antenatal diagnosis, prevention, and fetal surgery, the cellular mechanisms of damage in the neural placode are poorly understood. We aimed to identify cellular and molecular factors in lesion amplifying cascades in mmc placodes. Seventeen mmc specimens obtained during reconstructive surgery that harbored sufficient neuroepithelial tissue were investigated. Normal adult and stillborn spinal cord tissue served as controls. Placodes exhibited similar cellular profiles with consisten...
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - September 7, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Kowitzke, B., Cohrs, G., Leuschner, I., Koch, A., Synowitz, M., Mehdorn, H. M., Held-Feindt, J., Knerlich-Lukoschus, F. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Inhibition of Cathepsin B Alleviates Secondary Degeneration in Ipsilateral Thalamus After Focal Cerebral Infarction in Adult Rats
Secondary degeneration in areas beyond ischemic foci can inhibit poststroke recovery. The cysteine protease Cathepsin B (CathB) regulates cell death and intracellular protein catabolism. To investigate the roles of CathB in the development of secondary degeneration in the ventroposterior nucleus (VPN) of the ipsilateral thalamus after focal cerebral infarction, infarct volumes, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, and Western blotting analyses were conducted in a distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) stroke model in adult rats. We observed marked neuron loss and gliosis in the ipsilateral thalamus after d...
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - September 7, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Zuo, X., Hou, Q., Jin, J., Zhan, L., Li, X., Sun, W., Lin, K., Xu, E. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

In This Issue
(Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology)
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - September 7, 2016 Category: Neurology Tags: In This Issue Source Type: research

Gabriele M. Zu Rhein, MD
(Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology)
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - July 10, 2016 Category: Neurology Tags: In Memoriam Source Type: research

Merritts Neurology, Thirteenth Edition
(Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology)
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - July 10, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Lim, L. Tags: Book Review Source Type: research

Marked Involvement of the Striatal Efferent System in TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43 kDa-Related Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Recent pathological studies indicate that neuronal loss and/or TAR DNA-binding protein-43 kDa (TDP-43) inclusions are frequent in the striatum of patients with TDP-43-related frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS-TDP). However, no investigations have clarified the impact of such pathological changes on striatal neuronal outputs in these diseases. We analyzed pathological changes in the striatal efferent system of 59 consecutively autopsied patients with sporadic FTLD-TDP or ALS-TDP. The axon terminals of striatal efferent neurons were immunohistochemically assessed in the subst...
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - July 10, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Riku, Y., Watanabe, H., Yoshida, M., Mimuro, M., Iwasaki, Y., Masuda, M., Ishigaki, S., Katsuno, M., Sobue, G. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

MGMT-Methylated Alleles Are Distributed Heterogeneously Within Glioma Samples Irrespective of IDH Status and Chromosome 10q Deletion
Several molecular markers drive diagnostic classification, prognostic stratification, and/or prediction of response to therapy in patients with gliomas. Among them, IDH gene mutations are valuable markers for defining subtypes and are strongly associated with epigenetic silencing of the methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene. However, little is known about the percentage of MGMT-methylated alleles in IDH-mutated cells or the potential association between MGMT methylation and deletion of chromosome 10q, which encompasses the MGMT locus. Here, we quantitatively assessed MGMT methylation and IDH1 mutation in 208 prim...
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - July 10, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Fontana, L., Tabano, S., Bonaparte, E., Marfia, G., Pesenti, C., Falcone, R., Augello, C., Carlessi, N., Silipigni, R., Guerneri, S., Campanella, R., Caroli, M., Maria Sirchia, S., Bosari, S., Miozzo, M. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research