Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Effect of Inhibition or Deletion of Neutral Endopeptidase on Neuropathic Endpoints in High Fat Fed/Low Dose Streptozotocin-Treated Mice
Previously we demonstrated that a vasopeptidase inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase (NEP), a protease that degrades vaso- and neuro-active peptides, improves neural function in diabetic rodent models. The purpose of this study was to determine whether inhibition or deletion of NEP provides protection from neuropathy caused by diabetes with an emphasis on morphology of corneal nerves as a primary endpoint. Diabetes, modeling type 2, was induced in C57Bl/6J and NEP deficient mice through a combination of a high fat diet and streptozotocin. To inhibit NEP activity, diabetic C57Bl/6J mice were ...
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - October 17, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Yorek, M. S., Obrosov, A., Lu, B., Gerard, C., Kardon, R. H., Yorek, M. A. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Molecular and Cellular Responses to Interleukin-4 Treatment in a Rat Model of Transient Ischemia
Within hours after stroke, potentially cytotoxic pro-inflammatory mediators are elevated within the brain; thus, one potential therapeutic strategy is to reduce them and skew the brain toward an anti-inflammatory state. Because interleukin-4 (IL-4) treatment induces an anti-inflammatory, "alternative-activation" state in microglia and macrophages in vitro, we tested the hypothesis that early supplementation of the brain with IL-4 can shift it toward an anti-inflammatory state and reduce damage after transient focal ischemia. Adult male rat striata were injected with endothelin-1, with or without co-injection of IL-4. Infla...
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - October 17, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Lively, S., Hutchings, S., Schlichter, L. C. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

T-Cells Underlie Some but Not All of the Cerebellar Pathology in a Neonatal Rat Model of Congenital Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection during pregnancy injures the human fetal brain. Neonatal rats inoculated with LCMV are an excellent model of congenital LCMV infection because they develop cerebellar injuries similar to those in humans. To evaluate the role of T-lymphocytes in LCMV-induced cerebellar pathology, congenitally athymic rats, deficient in T-lymphocytes were compared with euthymic rats. Peak viral titers and cellular targets of infection were similar, but viral clearance from astrocytes was impaired in the athymic rats. Cytokines and chemokines rose to higher levels and for a greater duration ...
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - October 17, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Klein, H., Rabe, G. K., Karacay, B., Bonthius, D. J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Histopathologic Analysis of Cerebral Autosomal Recessive Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL): A Report of a New Genetically Confirmed Case and Comparison to 2 Previous Cases
Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL) is a nonhypertensive hereditary cerebral small vessel disease that is caused by mutations in a single gene, HTRA1. The HTRA1 protein normally represses transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling and its mutations result in vascular changes. Ten homozygous, 1 compound heterozygous, and 1 homozygous frameshift mutation have been identified in the HTRA1 gene of patients with genetically confirmed CARASIL. However, few studies have compared neuropathologic findings in patients with the same or different mutations...
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - October 17, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Ito, S., Takao, M., Fukutake, T., Hatsuta, H., Funabe, S., Ito, N., Shimoe, Y., Niki, T., Nakano, I., Fukayama, M., Murayama, S. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

C-Terminal-Deleted Prion Protein Fragment Is a Major Accumulated Component of Systemic PrP Deposits in Hereditary Prion Disease With a 2-Bp (CT) Deletion in PRNP Codon 178
In conclusion, the mutated PrP lacking that GPI anchor was truncated shortly and deposited in almost every examined organ. (Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology)
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - October 17, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Honda, H., Matsuzono, K., Fushimi, S., Sato, K., Suzuki, S. O., Abe, K., Iwaki, T. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

The Practice of Neuropathology in Africa: Our Time Has Come
(Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology)
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - October 17, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Folkerth, R. D., Zaharie, D., Adesina, A. M. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Pediatric Neuropathology in Africa: Local Experience in Nigeria and Challenges and Prospects for the Continent
The present state of pediatric neuropathology practice is in rudimentary developmental stages in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa. We sought to determine the pattern of neurosurgical lesions in children diagnosed in southwestern Nigeria and briefly address issues surrounding the practice of this aspect of pathology in Africa. We performed a retrospective review of histopathologic results of biopsies obtained from pediatric patients with neurosurgical lesions at the Department of Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile–Ife, Nigeria, between January 2001 and December 2011. Demographic and ...
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - October 17, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Olasode, B. J., Onyia, C. U. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

In This Issue
(Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology)
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - October 17, 2016 Category: Neurology Tags: In This Issue Source Type: research

Hippocampal Formation Maldevelopment and Sudden Unexpected Death across the Pediatric Age Spectrum
In this study, we characterized the clinicopathologic features in a retrospective case series of 32 children with sudden death and hippocampal formation (HF) maldevelopment. The greatest frequency of deaths was between 3 weeks and 3 years (81%, 26/32). Dentate anomalies were found across the pediatric age spectrum, supporting a common vulnerability that defies the 1-year age cutoff between SIDS and SUDC. Twelve cases (38%) had seizures, including 7 only with febrile seizures. Subicular anomalies were found in cases over 1 year of age and were associated with increased risk of febrile seizures. Sudden death associated with ...
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - September 19, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Kinney, H. C., Poduri, A. H., Cryan, J. B., Haynes, R. L., Teot, L., Sleeper, L. A., Holm, I. A., Berry, G. T., Prabhu, S. P., Warfield, S. K., Brownstein, C., Abram, H. S., Kruer, M., Kemp, W. L., Hargitai, B., Gastrang, J., Mena, O. J., Haas, E. A., Das Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Clinical, Imaging, Histopathological and Molecular Characterization of Anaplastic Ganglioglioma
Anaplastic ganglioglioma (AGG) is a rare and malignant variant of ganglioglioma. According to the World Health Organization classification version 2016, their histopathological grading criteria are still ill-defined. The aim of the present study was to assess the clinical, imaging, histopathological, and molecular characteristics and outcomes of AGGs in a large consecutive and retrospective adult and pediatric case series. Eighteen patients with AGGs (13 adults and 5 children) were identified (14 de novo and 4 secondary) from a cohort of 222 gangliogliomas (GG) (8%) treated at our institution between 2000 and 2015. AGGs re...
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - September 19, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Zanello, M., Pages, M., Tauziede-Espariat, A., Saffroy, R., Puget, S., Lacroix, L., Dezamis, E., Devaux, B., Chretien, F., Andreiuolo, F., Sainte-Rose, C., Zerah, M., Dhermain, F., Dumont, S., Louvel, G., Meder, J.-F., Grill, J., Dufour, C., Pallud, J., V Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Pathology in Multiple System Atrophy
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with repetitive traumatic brain injury. Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a Parkinsonian disorder that can result in repetitive falls with associated head trauma. We hypothesized that patients with neurodegenerative disorders like MSA could develop CTE pathology. Therefore, we assessed CTE pathology in 139 MSA cases in our brain bank. Sections from convexity cerebral cortices were screened by immunohistochemistry with anti-phospho-tau antibody. For cases with suggestive CTE pathology, further sections of basal forebrain and hippoca...
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - September 19, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Koga, S., Dickson, D. W., Bieniek, K. F. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Late-Life Vascular Risk Factors and Alzheimer Disease Neuropathology in Individuals with Normal Cognition
Vascular risk factors (VRFs) have been associated with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer disease (AD), but few studies have examined the association between VRF and AD neuropathology (ADNP) in cognitively normal individuals. We used longitudinal data from the National Alzheimer’s Disease Center’s Uniform Data Set and Neuropathology Data Set to examine the association between VRF and ADNP (moderate to frequent neuritic plaques; Braak stage III–VI) in those with normal cognition. Our sample included 53 participants with ADNP and 140 without ADNP. Body mass index (BMI), resting heart rate (HR), and pulse pressu...
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - September 19, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Besser, L. M., Alosco, M. L., Ramirez Gomez, L., Zhou, X.-H., McKee, A. C., Stern, R. A., Gunstad, J., Schneider, J. A., Chui, H., Kukull, W. A. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Tamoxifen Induces Cytotoxic Autophagy in Glioblastoma
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common and aggressive primary human malignant brain tumors. 4-Hydroxy tamoxifen (OHT) is an active metabolite of the tamoxifen (TMX) prodrug and a well-established estrogen receptor (ER) and estrogen-related receptor antagonist. A recent study from our laboratory demonstrated that OHT induced ER-independent malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) cell death by autophagic degradation of the prosurvival protein Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog. Because both MPNST and GBM are glial in cell origin, we hypothesized that OHT could mediate similar effects in GBM. OHT induced a c...
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - September 19, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Graham, C. D., Kaza, N., Klocke, B. J., Gillespie, G. Y., Shevde, L. A., Carroll, S. L., Roth, K. A. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Distribution and Load of Amyloid-{beta} Pathology in Parkinson Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Parkinson disease (PD), Parkinson disease with dementia (PDD), and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) differ clinically with regard to the presence and timing of dementia. In this postmortem study, we evaluated whether the burden and distribution pattern of amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology differs among these disease entities. We assessed Aβ phases and neuritic plaque scores in 133 patients fulfilling clinical diagnostic criteria for PD, PDD, and DLB, and determined the presence and load of Aβ pathology in 5 cortical and 4 subcortical regions in a subset of patients (n = 89) using a multispectral imaging system. A...
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - September 19, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Hepp, D. H., Vergoossen, D. L. E., Huisman, E., Lemstra, A. W., Netherlands Brain Bank, Berendse, H. W., Rozemuller, A. J., Foncke, E. M. J., van de Berg, W. D. J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Protein Analysis of Glioblastoma Primary and Posttreatment Pairs Suggests a Mesenchymal Shift at Recurrence
Glioblastomas (GBM) are aggressive brain tumors that inevitably recur despite surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation. The degree to which recurrent GBM retains its initial immunophenotype is incompletely understood. We generated tissue microarrays of paired initial and posttreatment GBM (3 pairs positive and 17 negative for IDH1R132H) from the same patients and made comparisons in the IDH1R132H-negative group for immunohistochemical and gene expression differences between primary and recurrent tumors. In initial tumors, immunopositivity for Ki-67 in > 20% of tumor cells was associated with shorter progression-f...
Source: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology - September 19, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Wood, M. D., Reis, G. F., Reuss, D. E., Phillips, J. J. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research