Melatonin modifies basal and stimulated insulin secretion via NADPH oxidase
In conclusion, our results demonstrate that both basal and stimulated insulin secretion can be regulated by melatonin through the maintenance of ROS homeostasis in pancreatic islets. (Source: Journal of Endocrinology)
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - October 31, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Simoes, D., Riva, P., Peliciari-Garcia, R. A., Cruzat, V. F., Graciano, M. F., Munhoz, A. C., Taneda, M., Cipolla-Neto, J., Carpinelli, A. R. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Is the canine corpus luteum an insulin-sensitive tissue?
This study aimed to determine in the canine corpus luteum throughout the dioestrus (1) the influence of insulin on glucose uptake; (2) the regulation of genes potentially involved; and (3) the influence of hypoxia on glucose transporter expression and steroidogenesis, after treatment with cobalt chloride (CoCl2). Glucose uptake by luteal cells increased 2.7 folds (P < 0.05) in response to insulin; a phenomenon related to increased expression of glucose transporter (GLUT) 4 and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT). The gene expression of insulin receptor and SLC2A4 (codifier of GLUT4) genes after insulin stimulation...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - October 31, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Sousa, L. M. M. d. C., Silva, R. d. S., Fonseca, V. U. d., Leandro, R. M., Di Vincenzo, T. S., Alves-Wagner, A. B., Machado, U. F., Papa, P. d. C. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Time-of-day-dependent adaptation of the HPA axis to predictable social defeat stress
In modern societies, the risk of developing a whole array of affective and somatic disorders is associated with the prevalence of frequent psychosocial stress. Therefore, a better understanding of adaptive stress responses and their underlying molecular mechanisms is of high clinical interest. In response to an acute stressor, each organism can either show passive freezing or active fight-or-flight behaviour, with activation of sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis providing the necessary energy for the latter by releasing catecholamines and glucocorticoids (GC). Recent da...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - October 24, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Koch, C. E., Bartlang, M. S., Kiehn, J. T., Lucke, L., Naujokat, N., Helfrich-Forster, C., Reber, S. O., Oster, H. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Adipose tissue in control of metabolism
Adipose tissue plays a central role in regulating whole-body energy and glucose homeostasis through its subtle functions at both organ and systemic levels. On one hand, adipose tissue stores energy in the form of lipid and controls the lipid mobilization and distribution in the body. On the other hand, adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ and produces numerous bioactive factors such as adipokines that communicate with other organs and modulate a range of metabolic pathways. Moreover, brown and beige adipose tissue burn lipid by dissipating energy in the form of heat to maintain euthermia, and have been considered as a...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - October 24, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Luo, L., Liu, M. Tags: Review Source Type: research
A vital region for human glycoprotein hormone trafficking revealed by an LHB mutation
We describe a family with selective LH deficiency and hypogonadism in two brothers. DNA sequencing of LHB was performed and the effects of genetic variants on hormone function and secretion were characterized by mutagenesis studies, confocal microscopy and functional assays. A 20-year-old male from a consanguineous family had pubertal delay, hypogonadism and undetectable LH. A homozygous c.118_120del (p.Lys40del) mutation was identified in the patient and his brother, who subsequently had the same phenotype. Treatment with hCG led to pubertal development, increased circulating testosterone and spermatogenesis. Experiments ...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - October 19, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Potorac, I., Rivero-Muller, A., Trehan, A., Kiełbus, M., Jozwiak, K., Pralong, F., Hafidi, A., Thiry, A., Menage, J.-J., Huhtaniemi, I., Beckers, A., Daly, A. F. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Involvement of pax2 in ovarian development and recrudescence of catfish: a role in steroidogenesis
PAX2, a member of paired box family, is an essential transcription factor for the organ development in vertebrates including teleosts, yet no evidence has been shown for its involvement in reproduction. To study this, partial- and/or full-length cDNA of pax2 was isolated from the ovary of catfish, Clarias batrachus, along with its other Pax family members, pax1 and pax9. Tissue distribution and ontogeny expression analysis indicated the prevalence of pax2 but not pax1 and pax9 in ovary. Varied phase-wise expression during ovarian cycle and elevation of pax2 after human chorionic gonadotropin induction showed probable regul...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - October 17, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Prathibha, Y., Senthilkumaran, B. Tags: Research Source Type: research
The role of the p53 tumor suppressor in metabolism and diabetes
In the context of tumor suppression, p53 is an undisputedly critical protein. Functioning primarily as a transcription factor, p53 helps fend off the initiation and progression of tumors by inducing cell cycle arrest, senescence or programmed cell death (apoptosis) in cells at the earliest stages of precancerous development. Compelling evidence, however, suggests that p53 is involved in other aspects of human physiology, including metabolism. Indeed, recent studies suggest that p53 plays a significant role in the development of metabolic diseases, including diabetes, and further that p53’s role in metabolism may also...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - October 6, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kung, C.-P., Murphy, M. E. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Oestradiol effects on neuroendocrine responses induced by water deprivation in rats
In conclusion, our results show that oestradiol acts mainly on the vasopressinergic system in response to WD, potentiating vasopressinergic neuronal activation and AVP secretion without altering AVP mRNA expression. (Source: Journal of Endocrinology)
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - October 5, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Vilhena-Franco, T., Mecawi, A. S., Elias, L. L. K., Antunes-Rodrigues, J. Tags: Research Source Type: research
SIRT6 protects against palmitate-induced pancreatic {beta}-cell dysfunction and apoptosis
Chronic exposure of pancreatic β-cells to abnormally elevated levels of free fatty acids can lead to β-cell dysfunction and even apoptosis, contributing to type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. In pancreatic β-cells, sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) has been shown to regulate insulin secretion in response to glucose stimulation. However, the roles played by SIRT6 in β-cells in response to lipotoxicity remain poorly understood. Our data indicated that SIRT6 protein and mRNA levels were reduced in islets from diabetic and aged mice. High concentrations of palmitate (PA) also led to a decrease in SIRT6 expression in MIN6 β-...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - October 5, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Xiong, X., Sun, X., Wang, Q., Qian, X., Zhang, Y., Pan, X., Dong, X. C. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Early detection of diabetic neuropathy by investigating CNFL and IENFD in thy1-YFP mice
Small fiber neuropathy is one of the most common and painful long-term complications of diabetes mellitus. Examination of the sub-basal corneal nerve plexus is a promising surrogate marker of diabetic neuropathy. To investigate the efficacy, reliability and reproducibility of in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (IVCCM), we used thy1-YFP mice, which express yellow fluorescence protein (YFP) in nerve fibers. 4 weeks after multiple low-dose injections of streptozotocin, thy1-YFP mice showed manifest diabetes. Subsequent application of insulin-releasing pellets for 8 weeks resulted in a significant reduction of blood glucose c...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - October 5, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Leckelt, J., Guimaraes, P., Kott, A., Ruggeri, A., Stachs, O., Baltrusch, S. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Octreotide and pasireotide (dis)similarly inhibit pituitary tumor cells in vitro
In conclusion, both SSA act in vitro on pituitary adenomas exerting both similar and distinct effects; however, no evident correspondence was found with the sst1-sst5 profile. Thus, it seems plausible that additional factors, besides the simple abundance of a given sst, critically influence the SSA response. (Source: Journal of Endocrinology)
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - October 5, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ibanez-Costa, A., Rivero-Cortes, E., Vazquez-Borrego, M. C., Gahete, M. D., Jimenez-Reina, L., Venegas-Moreno, E., de la Riva, A., Arraez, M. A., Gonzalez-Molero, I., Schmid, H. A., Maraver-Selfa, S., Gavilan-Villarejo, I., Garcia-Arnes, J. A., Japon, M. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Pueraria mirifica alleviates cortical bone loss in naturally menopausal monkeys
This study indicated that postmenopausal monkeys continuously lose their cortical bone compartment, and they have a higher possibility for long bone fractures. Oral PMP treatment could improve both the bone quantity (BMC and BMD) and quality (bone geometry). (Source: Journal of Endocrinology)
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - October 5, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kittivanichkul, D., Charoenphandhu, N., Khemawoot, P., Malaivijitnond, S. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Adipocytes play an etiological role in the podocytopathy of high-fat diet-fed rats
Obesity is a risk factor that promotes progressive kidney disease. Studies have shown that an adipocytokine imbalance contributes to impaired renal function in humans and animals, but the underlying interplay between adipocytokines and renal injury remains to be elucidated. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms linking obesity to chronic kidney disease. We assessed renal function in high-fat (HF) diet-fed and normal diet-fed rats, and the effects of preadipocyte- and adipocyte-conditioned medium on cultured podocytes. HF diet-fed and normal diet-fed Sprague Dawley rats were used to analyze the changes in plasma BUN, creat...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - October 5, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Chen, J.-Y., Jian, D.-Y., Lien, C.-C., Lin, Y.-T., Ting, C.-H., Chen, L.-K., Hsu, T.-C., Huang, H.-M., Wu, Y.-T., Kuan, T.-T., Chao, Y.-W., Wu, L.-Y., Huang, S.-W., Juan, C.-C. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Modeling the impact of growth and leptin deficits on the neuronal regulation of blood pressure
The risk of hypertension is increased by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preterm birth. In the search for modifiable etiologies for this life-threatening cardiovascular morbidity, a number of pathways have been investigated, including excessive glucocorticoid exposure, nutritional deficiency and aberration in sex hormone levels. As a neurotrophic hormone that is intimately involved in the cardiovascular regulation and whose levels are influenced by glucocorticoids, nutritional status and sex hormones, leptin has emerged as a putative etiologic and thus a therapeutic agent. As a product of maternal and late fetal...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - October 5, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Steinbrekera, B., Roghair, R. Tags: Review Source Type: research
C-peptide protects against hyperglycemic memory and vascular endothelial cell apoptosis
This study highlights a promising role for C-peptide in preventing HGM-induced intracellular events and diabetic vascular damage. (Source: Journal of Endocrinology)
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - September 12, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Bhatt, M. P., Lee, Y.-J., Jung, S.-H., Kim, Y. H., Hwang, J. Y., Han, E.-T., Park, W. S., Hong, S.-H., Kim, Y.-M., Ha, K.-S. Tags: Research Source Type: research
