MCT8 deficiency in Purkinje cells disrupts embryonic chicken cerebellar development
In conclusion, early MCT8 deficiency in Purkinje cells results in both cell-autonomous and non-autonomous effects on cerebellar development and indicates that MCT8 expression is essential from very early stages of development, providing a novel insight into the ontogenesis of the Allan–Herndon–Dudley syndrome. (Source: Journal of Endocrinology)
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - December 12, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Delbaere, J., Vancamp, P., Van Herck, S. L. J., Bourgeois, N. M. A., Green, M. J., Wingate, R. J. T., Darras, V. M. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Impact of uteroplacental insufficiency on postnatal rat male gonad
Prenatal events such as intrauterine growth restriction can affect gonadal development of the offspring and have an impact on reproductive health. To investigate the effects of intrauterine growth restriction induced by uterine artery ligation on the postnatal rat testis. Pregnant rats underwent uterine artery ligation at day 19 of gestation. Offspring were killed at 5, 20 and 40 days post-partum (dpp). At killing, one gonad was snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and processed for RNA and steroid extraction. The other gonad was formalin-fixed for histology. Gene expression was analyzed by TaqMan Low-Density Array. Intratesticu...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - December 12, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Pampanini, V., Germani, D., Puglianiello, A., Stukenborg, J.-B., Reda, A., Savchuk, I., Kjartansdottir, K. R., Cianfarani, S., Soder, O. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Plasma exosomes are enriched in Hsp70 and modulated by stress and cortisol in rainbow trout
Exosomes are endosomally derived vesicles that are secreted from cells and contain a suite of molecules, including proteins and nucleic acids. Recent studies suggest the possibility that exosomes in circulation may be affecting recipient target cell function, but the modes of action are unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that exosomes are in circulation in fish plasma and that these vesicles are enriched with heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). Exosomes were isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) plasma using differential centrifugation, and their presence was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and th...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - December 8, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Faught, E., Henrickson, L., Vijayan, M. M. Tags: Research Source Type: research
In female rat heart mitochondria, oophorectomy results in loss of oxidative phosphorylation
Oophorectomy in adult rats affected cardiac mitochondrial function. Progression of mitochondrial alterations was assessed at one, two and three months after surgery: at one month, very slight changes were observed, which increased at two and three months. Gradual effects included decrease in the rates of oxygen consumption and in respiratory uncoupling in the presence of complex I substrates, as well as compromised Ca2+ buffering ability. Malondialdehyde concentration increased, whereas the ROS-detoxifying enzyme Mn2+ superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and aconitase lost activity. In the mitochondrial respiratory chain, the conc...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - December 7, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Pavon, N., Cabrera-Orefice, A., Gallardo-Perez, J. C., Uribe-Alvarez, C., Rivero-Segura, N. A., Vazquez-Martinez, E. R., Cerbon, M., Martinez-Abundis, E., Torres-Narvaez, J. C., Martinez-Memije, R., Roldan-Gomez, F.-J., Uribe-Carvajal, S. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Ovarian tissue culture in the presence of VEGF and fetuin stimulates follicle growth and steroidogenesis
In conclusion, the present study provides useful evidence that supplementation of culture medium with VEGFA165 + fetuin leads to primordial follicle activation and development and increased percentage of healthy secondary growing follicles. (Source: Journal of Endocrinology)
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - December 7, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Asadi, E., Najafi, A., Moeini, A., Pirjani, R., Hassanzadeh, G., Mikaeili, S., Salehi, E., Adutwum, E., Soleimani, M., Khosravi, F., Barati, M., Abolhassani, F. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Thyroid hormone regulated genes in cerebral cortex development
The physiological and developmental effects of thyroid hormones are mainly due to the control of gene expression after interaction of T3 with the nuclear receptors. To understand the role of thyroid hormones on cerebral cortex development, knowledge of the genes regulated by T3 during specific stages of development is required. In our laboratory, we previously identified genes regulated by T3 in primary cerebrocortical cells in culture. By comparing these data with transcriptomics of purified cell types from the developing cortex, the cellular targets of T3 can be identified. In addition, many of the genes regulated transc...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - December 7, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Bernal, J. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Vildagliptin and caloric restriction for cardioprotection in pre-diabetic rats
Long-term high-fat diet (HFD) consumption causes cardiac dysfunction. Although calorie restriction (CR) has been shown to be useful in obesity, we hypothesized that combined CR with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor provides greater efficacy than monotherapy in attenuating cardiac dysfunction and metabolic impairment in HFD-induced obese-insulin resistant rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups to be fed on either a normal diet (ND, n = 6) or a HFD (n = 24) for 12 weeks. Then, HFD rats were divided into 4 subgroups (n = 6/subgroup) to receive just the vehicle, CR diet (60% of mean energy intake and ...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - November 29, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Tanajak, P., Pintana, H., Siri-Angkul, N., Khamseekaew, J., Apaijai, N., Chattipakorn, S. C., Chattipakorn, N. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Thyroid hormone metabolism in innate immune cells
Thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism and thyroid status have been linked to various aspects of the immune response. There is extensive literature available on the effects of thyroid hormone on innate immune cells. However, only recently have authors begun to study the mechanisms behind these effects and the role of intracellular TH metabolism in innate immune cell function during inflammation. This review provides an overview of the molecular machinery of intracellular TH metabolism present in neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells and the role and effects of intracellular TH metabolism in these cells. Circulating TH leve...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - November 29, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: van der Spek, A. H., Fliers, E., Boelen, A. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Betamethasone-exposed preterm birth does not impair insulin action in adult sheep
Preterm birth is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We therefore investigated the effect of preterm birth at ~0.9 of term after antenatal maternal betamethasone on insulin sensitivity, secretion and key determinants in adulthood, in a clinically relevant animal model. Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion (intravenous glucose tolerance test) and whole-body insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp) were measured and tissue collected in young adult sheep (14 months old) after epostane-induced preterm (9M, 7F) or ter...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - November 28, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: De Matteo, R., Hodgson, D. J., Bianco-Miotto, T., Nguyen, V., Owens, J. A., Harding, R., Allison, B. J., Polglase, G., Black, M. J., Gatford, K. L. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Urotensin II inhibitor eases neuropathic pain by suppressing the JNK/NF-{kappa}B pathway
This study was designed to investigate the effect of U-II antagonist on neuropathic pain and to understand the associated mechanisms. We reported that U-II and its receptor GPR14 were persistently upregulated and activated in the dorsal horn of L4–6 spinal cord segments after chronic constriction injury (CCI) in rats. Intrathecal injection of SB657510, a specific antagonist against U-II, reversed CCI-induced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Furthermore, we found that SB657510 reduced the expression of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) and nuclear factor-B (NF-B) p65 as well as subsequent se...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - November 27, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Li, J., Zhao, P.-P., Hao, T., Wang, D., Wang, Y., Zhu, Y.-Z., Wu, Y.-Q., Zhou, C.-H. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Removal of mouse ovary fat pad affects sex hormones, folliculogenesis and fertility
As a fat storage organ, adipose tissue is distributed widely all over the body and is important for energy supply, body temperature maintenance, organ protection, immune regulation and so on. In humans, both underweight and overweight women find it hard to become pregnant, which suggests that appropriate fat storage can guarantee the female reproductive capacity. In fact, a large mass of adipose tissue distributes around the reproductive system both in the male and female. However, the functions of ovary fat pad (the nearest adipose tissue to ovary) are not known. In our study, we found that the ovary fat pad-removed femal...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - November 27, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Wang, H.-H., Cui, Q., Zhang, T., Guo, L., Dong, M.-Z., Hou, Y., Wang, Z.-B., Shen, W., Ma, J.-Y., Sun, Q.-Y. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Muscle injury, impaired muscle function and insulin resistance in Chromogranin A-knockout mice
In conclusion, CgA deficiency renders the muscle energy deficient, impairs performance in treadmill exercise and prevents regeneration after exercise-induced tissue damage. (Source: Journal of Endocrinology)
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - November 27, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Tang, K., Pasqua, T., Biswas, A., Mahata, S., Tang, J., Tang, A., Bandyopadhyay, G. K., Sinha-Hikim, A. P., Chi, N.-W., Webster, N. J. G., Corti, A., Mahata, S. K. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Paradoxical leanness in the imprinting-centre deletion mouse model for Prader-Willi syndrome
Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS), a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss of paternal gene expression from 15q11–q13, is characterised by growth retardation, hyperphagia and obesity. However, as single gene mutation mouse models for this condition display an incomplete spectrum of the PWS phenotype, we have characterised the metabolic impairment in a mouse model for ‘full’ PWS, in which deletion of the imprinting centre (IC) abolishes paternal gene expression from the entire PWS cluster. We show that PWS-ICdel mice displayed postnatal growth retardation, with reduced body weight, hyperghrelinaemia a...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - November 16, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Golding, D. M., Rees, D. J., Davies, J. R., Relkovic, D., Furby, H. V., Guschina, I. A., Hopkins, A. L., Davies, J. S., Resnick, J. L., Isles, A. R., Wells, T. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Hepatocyte-specific, PPAR{gamma}-regulated mechanisms to promote steatosis in adult mice
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) is the target for thiazolidinones (TZDs), drugs that improve insulin sensitivity and fatty liver in humans and rodent models, related to a reduction in hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL). The systemic effects of TZDs are in contrast to reports suggesting hepatocyte-specific activation of PPAR promotes DNL, triacylglycerol (TAG) uptake and fatty acid (FA) esterification. As these hepatocyte-specific effects of PPAR could counterbalance the positive therapeutic actions of systemic delivery of TZDs, the current study used a mouse model of adult-onset, liver (hepatocyte)-specifi...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - November 16, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Wolf Greenstein, A., Majumdar, N., Yang, P., Subbaiah, P. V., Kineman, R. D., Cordoba-Chacon, J. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Kisspeptin level in the aging ovary is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system
Previous work has demonstrated that the increase in the activity of sympathetic nerves, which occurs during the subfertility period in female rats, causes an increase in follicular cyst development and impairs follicular development. In addition, the increase in ovarian sympathetic activity of aged rats correlates with an increased expression of kisspeptin (KISS1) in the ovary. This increase in KISS1 could participate in the decrease in follicular development that occurs during the subfertility period. We aimed to determine whether the blockade of ovarian sympathetic tone prevents the increase in KISS1 expression during re...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - November 16, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Fernandois, D., Cruz, G., Na, E. K., Lara, H. E., Paredes, A. H. Tags: Research Source Type: research
