ER{alpha} expression in T lymphocytes is dispensable for estrogenic effects in bone
In conclusion, ERα expression in T lymphocytes is dispensable for normal estrogenic regulation of bone mass in female mice. (Source: Journal of Endocrinology)
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - July 2, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Gustafsson, K. L., Nilsson, K. H., Farman, H. H., Andersson, A., Lionikaite, V., Henning, P., Wu, J., Windahl, S. H., Islander, U., Moverare-Skrtic, S., Sjogren, K., Carlsten, H., Gustafsson, J.-A., Ohlsson, C., Lagerquist, M. K. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Are peptide conjugates the golden therapy against obesity?
Obesity is a worldwide pandemic, which can be fatal for the most extremely affected individuals. Lifestyle interventions such as diet and exercise are largely ineffective and current anti-obesity medications offer little in the way of significant or sustained weight loss. Bariatric surgery is effective, but largely restricted to only a small subset of extremely obese patients. While the hormonal factors mediating sustained weight loss and remission of diabetes by bariatric surgery remain elusive, a new class of polypharmacological drugs shows potential to shrink the gap in efficacy between a surgery and pharmacology. In es...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - July 2, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Brandt, S. J., Kleinert, M., Tschop, M. H., Muller, T. D. Tags: Review Source Type: research
The role of orexin in controlling the activity of the adipo-pancreatic axis
Orexin A and B are two neuropeptides, which regulate a variety of physiological functions by interacting with central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Biological effects of orexins are mediated through two G-protein-coupled receptors (OXR1 and OXR2). In addition to their strong influence on the sleep–wake cycle, there is growing evidence that orexins regulate body weight, glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, orexins promote energy expenditure and protect against obesity by interacting with brown adipocytes. Fat tissue and the endocrine pancreas play pivotal roles in maintaining energy homeo...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - July 2, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Skrzypski, M., Billert, M., Nowak, K. W., Strowski, M. Z. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Chemerin: a multifaceted adipokine involved in metabolic disorders
Metabolic syndrome is a global public health problem and predisposes individuals to obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Although the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated, accumulating evidence has uncovered a critical role of adipokines. Chemerin, encoded by the gene Rarres2, is a newly discovered adipokine involved in inflammation, adipogenesis, angiogenesis and energy metabolism. In humans, local and circulating levels of chemerin are positively correlated with BMI and obesity-related biomarkers. In this review, we discuss both peripheral and central roles of chemerin in regulating body metabolism. In ...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - July 2, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Helfer, G., Wu, Q.-F. Tags: Review Source Type: research
INT-767 prevents NASH and promotes visceral fat brown adipogenesis and mitochondrial function
In conclusion, INT-767 significantly counteracts HFD-induced liver and fat alterations, restoring insulin sensitivity and prompting preadipocytes differentiation toward a metabolically healthy phenotype. (Source: Journal of Endocrinology)
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - June 26, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Comeglio, P., Cellai, I., Mello, T., Filippi, S., Maneschi, E., Corcetto, F., Corno, C., Sarchielli, E., Morelli, A., Rapizzi, E., Bani, D., Guasti, D., Vannelli, G. B., Galli, A., Adorini, L., Maggi, M., Vignozzi, L. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Multiple effects of cold exposure on livers of male mice
In conclusion, cold exposure has various, likely intertwined effects on the liver that should be taken into account when studying the effects of cold exposure on whole-body metabolism. (Source: Journal of Endocrinology)
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - June 26, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Grefhorst, A., van den Beukel, J. C., Dijk, W., Steenbergen, J., Voortman, G. J., Leeuwenburgh, S., Visser, T. J., Kersten, S., Friesema, E. C. H., Themmen, A. P. N., Visser, J. A. Tags: Research Source Type: research
The role of obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus
Gestational diabetes mellitus is defined as diabetes diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy in patients with no history of diabetes prior to gestation. It is the most common complication of pregnancy. The underlying pathophysiology shares some common features with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combining relatively insufficient insulin secretion with increased peripheral insulin resistance. While a certain degree of insulin resistance is the physiological characteristics of the second half of pregnancy, it is significantly more pronounced in patients with gestational diabetes. Adipose tissue dysfunction a...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - June 26, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Šimjak, P., Cinkajzlova, A., Anderlova, K., Pařizek, A., Mraz, M., Kršek, M., Haluzik, M. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Resistin inhibits neuronal autophagy through Toll-like receptor 4
Autophagy is a non-selective degradation pathway induced in energy-deprived cells and in non-starved cells by participating in cellular inflammatory responses mainly through the elimination of injured and aged mitochondria that constitute an important source of reactive oxygen species. We have previously reported that resistin/TLR4 signaling pathway induces inflammation and insulin resistance in neuronal cell. However, the impact of resistin-induced inflammation on neuronal autophagy is unknown. In the present study, we hypothesized that resistin-induced neuroinflammation could be attributed, at least partially, to the imp...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - June 14, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Miao, J., Benomar, Y., Al Rifai, S., Poizat, G., Riffault, L., Crepin, D., Taouis, M. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Involvement of adipose tissue inflammation and dysfunction in virus-induced type 1 diabetes
The etiopathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains poorly understood. We used the LEW1.WR1 rat model of Kilham rat virus (KRV)-induced T1D to better understand the role of the innate immune system in the mechanism of virus-induced disease. We observed that infection with KRV results in cell influx into visceral adipose tissue soon following infection prior to insulitis and hyperglycemia. In sharp contrast, subcutaneous adipose tissue is free of cellular infiltration, whereas β cell inflammation and diabetes are observed beginning on day 14 post infection. Immunofluorescence studies further demonstrate that KRV trig...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - June 13, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Needell, J. C., Brown, M. N., Zipris, D. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Brown adipose tissue development and function and its impact on reproduction
Although brown adipose tissue (BAT) is one of the smallest organs in the body, it has the potential to have a substantial impact on both heat production as well as fat and carbohydrate metabolism. This is most apparent at birth, which is characterised with the rapid appearance and activation of the BAT specific mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP)1 in many large mammals. The amount of brown fat then gradually declines with age, an adaptation that can be modulated by the thermal environment. Given the increased incidence of maternal obesity and its potential transmission to the mother’s offspring, increasing BAT act...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - June 13, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Symonds, M. E., Aldiss, P., Dellschaft, N., Law, J., Fainberg, H. P., Pope, M., Sacks, H., Budge, H. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Androgen and estrogen actions on male physical activity: a story beyond muscle
Physical inactivity is a pandemic that contributes to several chronic diseases and poses a significant burden on health care systems worldwide. The search for effective strategies to combat sedentary behavior has led to an intensification of the research efforts to unravel the biological substrate controlling activity. A wide body of preclinical evidence makes a strong case for sex steroids regulating physical activity in both genders, albeit the mechanisms implicated remain unclear. The beneficial effects of androgens on muscle as well as on other peripheral functions might play a role in favoring adaptation to exercise. ...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - June 13, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Jardi, F., Laurent, M. R., Dubois, V., Kim, N., Khalil, R., Decallonne, B., Vanderschueren, D., Claessens, F. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Isosteviol ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats by inhibiting ERK and NF-{kappa}B signaling pathways
Diabetes-induced injury of myocardium, defined as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), accounts for significant mortality and morbidity in diabetic population. Alleviation of DCM by a potent drug remains considerable interests in experimental and clinical researches because hypoglycemic drugs cannot effectively control this condition. Here, we explored the beneficial effects of isosteviol sodium (STVNa) on type 1 diabetes-induced DCM and the potential mechanisms involved. Male Wistar rats were induced to diabetes by injection of streptozotocin (STZ). One week later, diabetic rats were randomly grouped to receive STVNa (STZ/STVNa...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - June 6, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Tang, S.-G., Liu, X.-Y., Ye, J.-M., Hu, T.-T., Yang, Y.-Y., Han, T., Tan, W. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Sympathetic innervation regulates macrophage activity in rats with polycystic ovary
We present functional evidence that modulation of the immune-endocrine function by peripheral sympathetic nervous system might have implications for understanding the pathophysiology of PCOS. (Source: Journal of Endocrinology)
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - May 31, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Figueroa, F., Mendoza, G., Cardozo, D., Mohamed, F., Oliveros, L., Forneris, M. Tags: Research Source Type: research
5{alpha}-dihydroprogesterone concentrations and synthesis in non-pregnant mares
In vivo and in vitro evidence indicates that the bioactive, 5α-reduced progesterone metabolite, 5α-dihydroprogesterone (DHP) is synthesized in the placenta, supporting equine pregnancy, but its appearance in early pregnancy argues for other sites of synthesis also. It remains unknown if DHP circulates at relevant concentrations in cyclic mares and, if so, does synthesis involve the non-pregnant uterus? Jugular blood was drawn daily from cyclic mares (n = 5). Additionally, ovariectomized mares (OVX) and geldings were administered progesterone (300 mg) intramuscularly. Blood was drawn before and after treatment. ...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - May 31, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Conley, A. J., Scholtz, E. L., Legacki, E. L., Corbin, C. J., Knych, H. K., Dujovne, G. D., Ball, B. A., Moeller, B. C., Stanley, S. D. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Empowering thyroid hormone research in human subjects using OMICs technologies
OMICs subsume different physiological layers including the genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome. Recent advances in analytical techniques allow for the exhaustive determination of biomolecules in all OMICs levels from less invasive human specimens such as blood and urine. Investigating OMICs in deeply characterized population-based or experimental studies has led to seminal improvement of our understanding of genetic determinants of thyroid function, identified putative thyroid hormone target genes and thyroid hormone-induced shifts in the plasma protein and metabolite content. Consequently, plasma biomolecules h...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - May 31, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Pietzner, M., Kacprowski, T., Friedrich, N. Tags: Review Source Type: research
