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The effectiveness of Cytisine versus Nicotine Replacement Treatment for smoking cessation in the Russian Federation
Cytisine is a plant-based alkaloid (Webb, 1980; Godley, 2006) that has been marketed as a smoking cessation medication (both with and without a prescription) for more than 50 years in 17 countries within Central and Eastern Europe (Tutka& Zato ński, 2006). Like varenicline, cytisine is a partial agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) with an affinity for the α4β2 receptor subtype (Coe et al., 2005). However, cytisine differs from varenicline in its pharmacokinetics, cost, and treatment period (Etter, Lukas, Benowitz, Wes t,& Dresler, 2008). (Source: International Journal of Drug Policy)
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - June 18, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Jo ão Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Silvia S. Martins, Natalie Walker Tags: Short Report Source Type: research

An altered state? Emergent changes to illicit drug markets and distribution networks in scotland
Many efforts have been undertaken to construct an overview of various aspects of illicit drug distribution in the United Kingdom. Yet given that national, regional, and local differences can be profound, this has proven difficult, to the extent that Scotland has been largely excluded from the conversation. In addition, the level of supply being examined, the drug type, and the actors involved only add to confusion and vast differences between some findings. (Source: International Journal of Drug Policy)
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - June 14, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: James Densley, Robert McLean, Ross Deuchar, Simon Harding Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Pharmacological cognitive enhancement among non-ADHD individuals —A cross-sectional study in 15 countries
Pharmacological cognitive enhancement (PCE), refers to the use of prescription drugs, alcohol and illegal drugs for the purpose of improved performance at work or while studying and has become an increasing area of debate and research (Maier& Schaub, 2015; Maslen, Faulm üller,& Savulescu, 2014). Media articles portrayed PCE among healthy students as common and increasing (Partridge, Bell, Lucke, Yeates,& Hall, 2011), while scientific evidence for such an increase remained weak, (Maier& Schaub, 2015). (Source: International Journal of Drug Policy)
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - June 11, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Larissa J. Maier, Jason A. Ferris, Adam R. Winstock Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

The burgeoning recognition and accommodation of the social supply of drugs in international criminal justice systems: An eleven-nation comparative overview
It is now commonly accepted that there exists a form of drug supply, that involves the non-commercial supply of drugs to friends and acquaintances for little or no profit, which is qualitatively different from profit motivated ‘drug dealing proper’. ‘Social supply’, as it has become known, has a strong conceptual footprint in the United Kingdom, shaped by empirical research, policy discussion and its accommodation in legal frameworks. Though scholarship has emerged in a number of contexts outside the UK, the exten t to which social supply has developed as an internationally recognised concept in criminal justice co...
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - June 8, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Ross Coomber, Leah Moyle, Vendula Belackova, Tom Decorte, Pekka Hakkarainen, Andrew Hathaway, Karen Joe Laidler, Simon Lenton, Sheigla Murphy, John Scott, Michaela Stefunkova, Katinka van de Ven, Marieke Vlaemynck, Bernd Werse Tags: Editors ’ Choice Source Type: research

Agricultural innovations in Morocco ’s cannabis industry
Cannabis cultivation in Morocco ’s mountainous Rif region is undergoing its most profound development since mass production of hashish began in the early 1980s. The adoption of high-yielding varieties of cannabis, modern agricultural practices, and modern hashish production techniques began in the mid–2000s and accelerated aft er the mid-2010s, with the result that more potent and varied cannabis derivatives are now being produced and that increased quantities of highly potent hashish are seized in Europe. (Source: International Journal of Drug Policy)
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - June 7, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Pierre-Arnaud Chouvy, Jennifer Macfarlane Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Corrigendum to “Heroin and fentanyl overdoses in Kentucky: Epidemiology and surveillance” [International Journal of Drug Policy 46 (2017) 120–129]
The authors regret the grant number listed in the Acknowledgements section is incorrect. The following is the correct funding acknowledgement: (Source: International Journal of Drug Policy)
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - June 7, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Svetla Slavova, Julia F. Costich, Terry L. Bunn, Huong Luu, Michael Singleton, Sarah L. Hargrove, Jeremy S. Triplett, Dana Quesinberry, William Ralston, Van Ingram Tags: Corrigendum Source Type: research

Editorial Board
(Source: International Journal of Drug Policy)
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - June 6, 2018 Category: Addiction Source Type: research

‘Nice people doing shady things’: Drugs and the morality of exchange in the darknet cryptomarkets
An ethnographic analysis of drug-centred cryptomarket community and exchange, this article explores the embedded values around drug distribution and consumption within this setting. Drawing on our interviews with cryptomarket users, we analyze the ways in which users claim the cryptomarket as a space of morality, empathy, trust, reciprocity, knowledge transfer, harm reduction and self-limitation. The anthropological concept of the morality of exchange is central to our theoretical approach. (Source: International Journal of Drug Policy)
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - June 2, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Kimberley Masson, Angus Bancroft Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Alcohol-related absence and presenteeism: Beyond productivity loss
Alcohol use by employees is associated with negative consequences for the workplace in terms of absence and poor work performance. The aims of this study were to map the prevalence of alcohol-related absence and inefficiency using survey data from a broad sample of employees, and to explore how alcohol-related absence and presenteeism are experienced and handled using data from qualitative interviews. (Source: International Journal of Drug Policy)
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - June 1, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Kristin Buvik, Inger Synn øve Moan, Torleif Halkjelsvik Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Editorial: Comparing drug policies
This special section of International Journal of Drug Policy is an outcome of the 11th ISSDP (International Society for the Study of Drug Policy) conference held in Aarhus, Denmark, in May 2017. ‘Comparing drug policies’ was one of the highlighted themes at the conference, and there is growing interest amongst drug policy scholars regarding how to compare drug policies (Ritter et al. 2016; Burris 2017). As pointed to by Ritter et al (2016) there is a “lack of clear definitions of what counts” as comparative drug policy analysis, which makes it difficult to measure, compile and discuss the effects of different drug ...
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - June 1, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Esben Houborg, Bagga Bjerge, Vibeke A. Frank Source Type: research

Editorial Board
(Source: International Journal of Drug Policy)
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - June 1, 2018 Category: Addiction Source Type: research

Quantity fluctuations of illicitly used opioids and overdose risk
Reduced opioid tolerance is believed to be associated with overdose risk, although this relationship has primarily been examined in the context of gaps and frequency of opioid use. We sought to assess how changes in the quantity of opioids used, as opposed to periods of abstinence or overall frequency of use, relate to overdose risk. (Source: International Journal of Drug Policy)
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - May 26, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Christopher Rowe, Eliza Wheeler, Eric Vittinghoff, Glenn-Milo Santos, Emily Behar, Phillip O. Coffin Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Prospective associations between cannabis use and negative and positive health and social measures among emerging adults
This study identified prospective associations between cannabis use during first-year post high-school and a wide range of positive and negative health and social measures one year later. (Source: International Journal of Drug Policy)
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - May 25, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Liat Korn, Denise L. Haynie, Jeremy W. Luk, Bruce G. Simons-Morton Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

“Once I’d done it once it was like writing your name”: Lived experience of take-home naloxone administration by people who inject drugs
The supply of naloxone, the opioid antagonist, for peer administration ( ‘take-home naloxone’ (THN)) has been promoted as a means of preventing opioid-related deaths for over 20 years. Despite this, little is known about PWID experiences of take-home naloxone administration. The aim of this study was to advance the evidence base on THN by producing one of the first e xaminations of the lived-experience of THN use among PWID. (Source: International Journal of Drug Policy)
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - May 23, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Andrew McAuley, Alison Munro, Avril Taylor Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Disneyization: A framework for understanding illicit drug use in bounded play spaces
This paper combines evidence from an ethnographic study of illicit drug use amongst tourists in Ibiza with Bryman ’s (2004) theoretical model of Disneyization. The principal aim was to construct a new conceptual framework that may help scholars, practitioners and policy makers make sense of dynamic patterns of illegal drug use across bounded play spaces such as tourist resorts, music festivals and nightclubs. (Source: International Journal of Drug Policy)
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - May 18, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Tim Turner Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research