An (un)desirable trade of harms? How elite athletes might react to medically supervised ‘doping’ and their considerations of side-effects in this situation
The zero-tolerance approach to doping in sport has long been criticised. Legalising ‘doping’ under medical supervision has been proposed as a better way of protecting both athletes’ health and fair competition. This paper investigates how elite athletes might react if specific doping substances were permitted under medical supervision and explore athletes’ considerations ab out side-effects in this situation. The results are interpreted using a framework, which views elite sport as an exceptional and risky working environment. (Source: International Journal of Drug Policy)
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - February 22, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Marie Overbye Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Drug affordability –potential tool for comparing illicit drug markets
The importance of illicit drug price data and making appropriate adjustments for purity has been repeatedly highlighted for understanding illicit drug markets. The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) has been collecting retail price data for a number of drug types alongside drug-specific purity information for over 15 years. While these data are useful for a number of monitoring and analytical purposes, they are not without their limitations and there are circumstances where additional adjustment needs to be considered. (Source: International Journal of Drug Policy)
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - February 17, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Teodora Groshkova, Andrew Cunningham, Luis Royuela, Nicola Singleton, Tony Saggers, Roumen Sedefov Source Type: research

A new approach to formulating and appraising drug policy: A multi-criterion decision analysis applied to alcohol and cannabis regulation
Drug policy, whether for legal or illegal substances, is a controversial field that encompasses many complex issues. Policies can have effects on a myriad of outcomes and stakeholders differ in the outcomes they consider and value, while relevant knowledge on policy effects is dispersed across multiple research disciplines making integrated judgements difficult. (Source: International Journal of Drug Policy)
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - February 16, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Ole Rogeberg, Daniel Bergsvik, Lawrence D. Phillips, Jan van Amsterdam, Niamh Eastwood, Graeme Henderson, Micheal Lynskey, Fiona Measham, Rhys Ponton, Steve Rolles, Anne Katrin Schlag, Polly Taylor, David Nutt Source Type: research

Comparing cryptomarkets for drugs. A characterisation of sellers and buyers over time
Cryptomarkets operating on the darknet are a recent phenomenon that has gained importance only over the last couple of years (Barratt, 2012). However, they now constitute an evolving part of illicit drug markets. Although selling and buying a variety of psychoactive substances on the Internet has a long history, new technological developments enable systematic drug trading on the net.These technological innovations on the Internet allow users to proceed with (illicit) drug transactions with almost completely anonymous identities and locations. (Source: International Journal of Drug Policy)
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - February 12, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Meropi Tzanetakis Source Type: research

Pharmaceutical opioid overdose deaths and the presence of witnesses
In the past two decades, rates of pharmaceutical opioid use and harms resulting from their use (including death) have risen. The present study identified a series of fatal opioid overdoses where there was evidence that witnesses had noted symptoms consistent with overdose, and examined associated contextual factors. (Source: International Journal of Drug Policy)
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - February 9, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Rowan P. Ogeil, Jeremy Dwyer, Lyndal Bugeja, Cherie Heilbronn, Dan I. Lubman, Belinda Lloyd Source Type: research

Improving drug policy: The potential of broader democratic participation
Policies concerned with illicit drugs vex governments. While the ‘evidence-based policy’ paradigm argues that governments should be informed by ‘what works’, in practice policy makers rarely operate this way. Moreover the evidence-based policy paradigm fails to account for democratic participatory processes, particularly how community members and people w ho use drugs might be included. The aim of this paper is to explore the political science thinking about democratic participation and the potential afforded in ‘deliberative democracy’ approaches, such as Citizens Juries and other mini-publics for improved dru...
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - February 8, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Alison Ritter, Kari Lancaster, Rosalyn Diprose Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Older M āori understandings of alcohol use in Aotearoa/New Zealand
The predominant framing of indigenous people ’s alcohol use as problematic has resulted in narrow understandings of indigenous alcohol use in general. In particular, there has been little exploration of how Māori, those indigenous to Aotearoa/New Zealand, contextualise and understand their alcohol use. To build on current understandings of Māori alcohol use, this study explored the broader and socially shared meanings of alcohol use from the perspectives of older Māori. (Source: International Journal of Drug Policy)
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - February 8, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Sarah Herbert, Christine Stephens, Margaret Forster Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Prevalence and correlates of recent injecting drug use among gay and bisexual men in Australia: Results from the FLUX study
While illicit drug use is prevalent among gay and bisexual men (GBM) in Australia, little is known about the factors associated with injecting drug use among GBM. (Source: International Journal of Drug Policy)
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - February 8, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: H. Bui, I. Zablotska-Manos, M. Hammoud, F. Jin, T. Lea, A. Bourne, J. Iversen, N. Bath, J. Grierson, L. Degenhardt, G. Prestage, L. Maher Source Type: research

Mental health, drug use and sexual risk behavior among gay and bisexual men
In recent years, gay and bisexual men (GBM) have been represented as engaging in unrestrained risk-taking through a ‘dangerous’ mix of drugs and sex (or ‘chemsex’) exacerbated by psychological vulnerabilities (Stuart, 2016). Concerns around chemsex have usually been based on an assumed causative link between drug use and poor mental health and an assumption that drug taking leads to sexual risk taking. (Source: International Journal of Drug Policy)
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - February 8, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Garrett Prestage, Mohamed Hammoud, Fengyi Jin, Louisa Degenhardt, Adam Bourne, Lisa Maher Source Type: research

Older M āori understandings of alcohol use in Aotearoa/New Zealand
The predominant framing of indigenous people ’s alcohol use as problematic has resulted in narrow understandings of indigenous alcohol use in general. In particular, there has been little exploration of how Māori, those indigenous to Aotearoa/New Zealand, contextualise and understand their alcohol use. To build on current understandings of Māori alcohol use, this study explored the broader and socially shared meanings of alcohol use from the perspectives of older Māori. (Source: International Journal of Drug Policy)
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - February 8, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Sarah Herbert, Christine Stephens, Margaret Forster Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Prevalence and correlates of recent injecting drug use among gay and bisexual men in Australia: Results from the FLUX study
While illicit drug use is prevalent among gay and bisexual men (GBM) in Australia, little is known about the factors associated with injecting drug use among GBM. (Source: International Journal of Drug Policy)
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - February 8, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: H. Bui, I. Zablotska-Manos, M. Hammoud, F. Jin, T. Lea, A. Bourne, J. Iversen, N. Bath, J. Grierson, L. Degenhardt, G. Prestage, L. Maher Source Type: research

Mental health, drug use and sexual risk behavior among gay and bisexual men
In recent years, gay and bisexual men (GBM) have been represented as engaging in unrestrained risk-taking through a ‘dangerous’ mix of drugs and sex (or ‘chemsex’) exacerbated by psychological vulnerabilities (Stuart, 2016). Concerns around chemsex have usually been based on an assumed causative link between drug use and poor mental health and an assumption that drug taking leads to sexual risk taking. (Source: International Journal of Drug Policy)
Source: International Journal of Drug Policy - February 8, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Garrett Prestage, Mohamed Hammoud, Fengyi Jin, Louisa Degenhardt, Adam Bourne, Lisa Maher Source Type: research