Manipulation of Regulatory Cells’ Responses to Treatments for Chronic Hepatitis B Virus
Conclusions: The inhibition of Tregs is a novel therapeutic approach to cure chronically HBV infected patients. However, further studies are needed to investigate the safety and efficacy of this approach.,Objectives: In this study, we focused on treating CHB via the manipulation of T cells’ responses to identify possible approaches to cure CHB.,Materials and Methods: All studies relevant to the role of cellular and humoral responses in HBV infection (especially regulatory cells) were investigated via a systematic search of different databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Considering extracted data and a...
Source: Hepatitis Monthly - May 24, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Intrahepatic Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Chronic HBV Infection Subjects: Asymptomatic Carriers, Active Chronic Hepatitis, Cirrhosis, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Conclusions: The AC, HCC, and Cir patients displayed increased levels of the intrahepatic TLR3 protein compared to the HD and AC patients. Both activation of TLR3/INF-β signaling and inhibition of TLR3/INF-β signaling by HBV components influenced TLR3 expression in the AC, ACH, Cir, and HCC subjects. However, TLR3 signaling did not influence the expression of costimulatory protein in the ACH, Cir, or HCC patients. TLR3/ IFN-β signaling did influence immune responses in the livers of CHB patients.,Results: The TLR3 protein in the ACH group tended toward reduction although the P Value of the comparison between the ACH gro...
Source: Hepatitis Monthly - May 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Improvement in the Amino Acid Imbalance in Hepatitis C Virus Infected Patients After Viral Eradication by Interferon Treatment
Conclusions: HCV eradication can improve the amino acid imbalance in HCV infected patients. (Source: Hepatitis Monthly)
Source: Hepatitis Monthly - May 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Incidence and Risk Factors for Liver Abscess after Thermal Ablation of Liver Neoplasm
Conclusions: The incidence of liver abscesses after liver cancer thermal ablation is low. Child-Pugh Class B and Class C cirrhosis, biliary tract disease, diabetes mellitus, and porta hepatis tumors are four significant risk factors. Combined ablation and PEI reduces the rate of liver abscesses.,Materials and Methods: The clinical data of 423 patients who underwent 691 thermal ablation procedures for liver cancer were collected in order to retrospectively analyze the basic characteristics, incidence, and risk factors associated with liver abscess formation. Patients with multiple risk factors for liver abscess formation we...
Source: Hepatitis Monthly - May 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Intrahepatic Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Subjects with Chronic HBV Infection and Asymptomatic Carriers, Active Chronic Hepatitis, Cirrhosis, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Conclusions: The AC, HCC, and Cir patients displayed increased levels of the intrahepatic TLR3 protein compared to HD and AC patients. Both activation of TLR3/INF-β signaling and inhibition of TLR3/INF-β signaling by HBV components influenced TLR3 expression in AC, ACH, Cir, and HCC subjects. However, TLR3 signaling did not influence the expression of costimulatory protein in ACH, Cir, or HCC patients. TLR3/ IFN-β signaling did influence immune responses in the livers of CHB patients.,Results: The TLR3 protein in the ACH group tended toward reduction although the P Value of the comparison between ACH group and the HD gr...
Source: Hepatitis Monthly - May 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Hepatitis B-Related Concerns and Anxieties Among People With Chronic Hepatitis B in Australia
Conclusions: Hepatitis B-related concerns and anxieties are prevalent among people with CHB. Clinical management of people with CHB must address their psychological support needs as an essential component of comprehensive care. (Source: Hepatitis Monthly)
Source: Hepatitis Monthly - May 20, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Detection of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 1 among Blood Donors from Southwest of Iran
Conclusions: The analysis indicates that the HEV isolated from blood donors in the southwest of Iran belongs to genotype 1. However, more samples from other geographic regions of Iran are needed to confirm these findings. Because transmission of HEV by administration of blood or blood components is likely to occur, it may be sensible to screen donor blood for HEV to eliminate transfusion-transmitted HEV infection when the recipient is immunocompromised.,Results: Fifty (50, 7.1%) out of 700 plasma samples tested positive for anti-HEV antibodies. HEV RNA was detected in 7/50 (12%) of the antibody-positive samples, the majori...
Source: Hepatitis Monthly - May 17, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
The Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Core Amino Acid 70 Substitution and Genotypes of Polymorphisms Near the IFNL3 Gene in Iranian Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C
Conclusions: There is an as yet unexplained association between HCV and host parameters with unknown mechanisms in patients with chronic HCV infection. The assessments of core aa 70 substitution and polymorphisms near the IFNL3 gene could offer promising steps to improve the management of patients with HCV.,Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the molecular profiles of the HCV genotype, core aa 70 substitution, and rs12979860 and rs8099917 polymorphisms and plasma HCV RNA levels were determined in 429 CHC patients including 141 hemophilic, 84 thalassemic, and 204 non-hemophilic, non-thalassemic patients.,Re...
Source: Hepatitis Monthly - May 2, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Prevalence in Special Populations and Associated Risk Factors: A Report From a Tertiary Hospital
Conclusions: This survey suggested that a higher HCV prevalence exists in this population than is currently reported in the general population, and having sex with multiple partners was a risk factor for HCV infection.,Patients and Methods: Consecutively consenting patients who had been previously diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and LPD at the outpatient department of the Lagos State University teaching hospital were recruited. A case record form was used to extract their demographics and physical examination findings as well as any risk factors for HCV infection; blood was also drawn to run a serological assay for the HC...
Source: Hepatitis Monthly - April 30, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Safety, Efficacy, and Tolerability of Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin in Management of Recurrent Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 4 After Living Donor Liver Transplant in Egypt: What Have We Learned so far?
Conclusions: We recommend initiating treatment as soon as possible after liver transplantation with newer combinations, such as ledipasvir/sofosbuvir or sofosbuvir/simeprevir, rather than sofosbuvir with Ribavirin, to achieve higher rates of SVR.,Background: Recurrence of HCV after living donor liver transplant (LDLT) is nearly universal, with almost one third of recipients developing cirrhosis and graft failure within 5 years after LDLT. Different studies have been published on the effect of sofosbuvir after liver transplantation on recurrent HCV with different genotypes. (Source: Hepatitis Monthly)
Source: Hepatitis Monthly - April 27, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Liver Metastasis of Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Single Center Experience
Conclusions: Liver metastasis of neuroendocrine tumors in Iran presents in a very similar manner as that seen in western countries. In about 89% of cases with liver-NET, complete imaging, clinical, and pathological studies can help to identify the primary origin of the liver-NET, which is very important in the patient’s management. (Source: Hepatitis Monthly)
Source: Hepatitis Monthly - April 26, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
The Association of Substitutions in the Hepatitis C Virus Subtype 1b Core Gene and IL28B Polymorphisms With the Response to Peg-IFNα-2a/RBV Combination Therapy in Azerbaijani Patients
Conclusions: The data of the present study suggest that amino acid substitutions at position 43, 70, 91, and 106 in the HCV-1b core protein are correlated with the response to the Peg-IFNα-2a/RBV treatment in Azerbaijani patients with chronic hepatitis C. Moreover, host genetic polymorphisms, such as those of the IL28B locus, might be useful for predicting the responsiveness to Peg-IFNα-2a/RBV combination therapy against HCV.,Results: In this study, a significant association was observed between the non-responders and relapsers to antiviral therapy and substitutions in the HCV-1b core region at positions 43 (R43K, P = 0....
Source: Hepatitis Monthly - April 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes Among Patients in Countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of WHO (EMRO): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Conclusions: The genotype distribution of HCV takes diverse patterns in EMRO countries. Genotypes 1 and 3 were predominant in Iran and Pakistan, while genotype 4 and 1 were the most common genotypes in the Middle East Arab countries and North African Arab countries. Understanding the genotypes of HCV can help policy makers in designing good strategies for treatment.,Results: A total of 563 records were identified through the electronic search. Of these records, 134 studies comprising 67681 HCV-infected individuals were included in the meta-analysis. In Iran, subtype 1a was the predominant subtype with a rate of 42% (95% CI...
Source: Hepatitis Monthly - April 17, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Next Steps Toward Eradication of Hepatitis C in the Era of Direct Acting Antivirals
Conclusions: The eradication of HCV will require significant governmental financial investment for screening, prevention, and treatment of infected patients. Although, we have a long way to eradication of HCV, the next steps could be including proper planning to patient finding, availability of new treatments to all patients and development of HCV prevention strategies such as vaccines. (Source: Hepatitis Monthly)
Source: Hepatitis Monthly - April 17, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Comparing HBV Viral Load in Serum, Cerumen, and Saliva and Correlation With HBeAg Serum Status in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Infection
Conclusions: A significant direct correlation was observed between the viral DNA copies present in patients’ cerumen and serum. However, the correlation between saliva viral load with serum and cerumen viral load was very low and inverse. These findings suggest that the presence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in non-invasive specimens (such as cerumen and saliva) should also be evaluated when monitoring patients to determine the course of infection and disease.,Results: Twenty-eight percent of the patients were HBeAg positive. The average number of viral copies in serum, cerumen, and saliva was higher in women than in me...
Source: Hepatitis Monthly - April 16, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
