The Right to Health and Medicines: The Case of Recent Multilateral Negotiations on Public Health, Innovation and Intellectual Property
Abstract
The negotiations of the intergovernmental group known as the ‘IGWG’, undertaken by the Member States of the WHO, were the result of a deadlock in the World Health Assembly held in 2006 where the Member States of the WHO were unable to reach an agreement on what to do with the 60 recommendations in the report on ‘Public Health, Innovation and Intellectual Property Rights submitted to the Assembly in the same year by a group of experts designated by the Director General of the WHO. The result of these negotiations was the ‘Global strategy and plan of action on public health, innovation and intellectual prope...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - April 1, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: German Velasquez Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Systemic Negligence: Why It Is Morally Important for Developing World Bioethics
Abstract
In the context of clinical and non‐clinical biomedical practices, negligence is usually understood as a lapse of a specific professional duty by a healthcare worker or by a medical facility. This paper tries to delineate systemic negligence as another kind of negligence in the context of health systems, particularly in developing countries, that needs to be recognized and addressed. Systemic negligence is not just a mere collection of stray incidences of medical errors and system failures in a health system, but is proposed in this paper as a more pervasive kind of neglect. Several non‐medical factors, such as...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - April 1, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Chhanda Chakraborti Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Global Health Care Justice, Delivery Doctors and Assisted Reproduction: Taking a Note From Catholic Social Teachings
This article will examine the Catholic concept of global justice within a health care framework as it relates to women's needs for delivery doctors in the developing world and women's demands for assisted reproduction in the developed world. I will first discuss justice as a theory, situating it within Catholic social teachings. The Catholic perspective on global justice in health care demands that everyone have access to basic needs before elective treatments are offered to the wealthy.
After exploring specific discrepancies in global health care justice, I will point to the need for delivery doctors in the developing wor...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - April 1, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Cristina Richie Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Perceived Quality of Informed Refusal Process: A Cross‐Sectional Study from Iranian Patients' Perspectives
In conclusion, the process of obtaining informed refusal was relatively satisfactory except for levels of information disclosure. To improve current practices, Iranian patients need to be better informed about; different treatment options, consequences of treatment refusal, costs of not continuing treatment and follow‐ups after refusal. Developing more informative refusal forms is needed. (Source: Developing World Bioethics)
Source: Developing World Bioethics - April 1, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Mehrdad Farzandipour, Abbas Sheikhtaheri, Monireh Sadeqi Jabali Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Living with HIV and Dying with AIDS: Diversity, Inequality and Human Rights in the Global Pandemic, by Lesley Doyal with Len Doyal. Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2013, xii + 249pp, £22.50 (website price), £25.00 (regular), ISBN: 978‐1‐4094‐3111‐4.
(Source: Developing World Bioethics)
Source: Developing World Bioethics - March 13, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Stephanie A. Nixon, Margaret C. Maimbolwa Tags: BOOK REVIEW Source Type: research
Bioethics and Forensic Psychiatry
(Source: Developing World Bioethics)
Source: Developing World Bioethics - March 13, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Debora Diniz Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research
Cultural Conundrums: The Ethics of Epidemiology and the Problems of Population in Implementing Pre‐Exposure Prophylaxis
Abstract
The impending implementation of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has prompted complicated bioethical and public health ethics concerns regarding the moral distribution of antiretroviral medications (ARVs) to ostensibly healthy populations as a form of HIV prevention when millions of HIV‐positive people still lack access to ARVs globally. This manuscript argues that these questions are, in part, concerns over the ethics of the knowledge production practices of epidemiology. Questions of distribution, and their attendant cost‐benefit calculations, will rely on a number of presupposed, and therefore, normatively...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - December 1, 2013 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Kirk Fiereck Tags: Special Issue Source Type: research
Book Received In 2013 By Developing World Bioethics
(Source: Developing World Bioethics)
Source: Developing World Bioethics - November 14, 2013 Category: Medical Ethics Tags: BOOK RECEIVED IN 2013 BY Source Type: research
Many Thanks to Developing World Bioethics Reviewers
(Source: Developing World Bioethics)
Source: Developing World Bioethics - November 14, 2013 Category: Medical Ethics Tags: MANY THANKS TO REVIEWERS Source Type: research
On the Ethics of Using Non‐Certified Health ‘Remedies’ in Resource Poor Contexts
(Source: Developing World Bioethics)
Source: Developing World Bioethics - November 14, 2013 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Udo Schüklenk Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research
Not Fit for Purpose: The Ethical Guidelines of the Indian Council of Medical Research
Abstract
In 2006, the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) published its ‘Ethical guidelines for Biomedical Research on human participants’. The intention was to translate international ethical standards into locally and culturally appropriate norms and values to help biomedical researchers in India to conduct ethical research and thereby safeguard the interest of human subjects. Unfortunately, it is apparent that the guideline is not fit for purpose. In addition to problems with the structure and clarity of the guidelines, there are several serious omissions and contradictions in the recommendations. In this pape...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - November 8, 2013 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Priya Satalkar, David Shaw Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
The Social Value of Knowledge and International Clinical Research
Abstract
In light of the growth in the conduct of international clinical research in developing populations, this paper seeks to explore what is owed to developing world communities who host international clinical research. Although existing paradigms for assigning and assessing benefits to host communities offer valuable insight, I criticize their failure to distinguish between those benefits which can justify the conduct of research in a developing world setting and those which cannot. I argue that the justification for human subjects research is fundamentally grounded in the social value of knowledge, and that this valu...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - November 8, 2013 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Danielle M. Wenner Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Considerations for a Human Rights Impact Assessment of a Population Wide Treatment for HIV Prevention Intervention
Abstract
Increasing attention is being paid to the potential of anti‐retroviral treatment (ART) for HIV prevention. The possibility of eliminating HIV from a population through a universal test and treat intervention, where all people within a population are tested for HIV and all positive people immediately initiated on ART, as part of a wider prevention intervention, was first proposed in 2009. Several clinical trials testing this idea are now in inception phase. An intervention which relies on universally testing the entire population for HIV will pose challenges to human rights, including obtaining genuine consent to...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - November 8, 2013 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Johanna Hanefeld, Virginia Bond, Janet Seeley, Shelley Lees, Nicola Desmond Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Mind the gap: An empirical study of post‐trial access in HIV biomedical prevention trials
Abstract
The principle of providing post‐trial access for research participants to successful products of that research is widely accepted and has been enshrined in various declarations and guidelines. While recent ethical guidelines recognise that the responsibility to provide post‐trial access extends to sponsors, regulators and government bodies as well as to researchers, it is the researchers who have the direct duty of care to participants. Researchers may thus need to act as advocates for trial participants, especially where government bodies, sponsors, and regulatory bodies have complex interests vested in decis...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - November 8, 2013 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Bridget Haire, Christopher Jordens Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Overcoming Entrenched Disagreements: the Case of Misoprostol for Post‐Partum Haemorrhage
Abstract
The debate about whether misoprostol should be distributed to low resource communities to prevent post‐partum haemorrhage (PPH), recognised as a major cause of maternal mortality, is deeply polarised. This is in spite of stakeholders having access to the same evidence about the risks and benefits of misoprostol. To understand the disagreement, we conducted a qualitative analysis of the values underpinning debates surrounding community distribution of misoprostol. We found that different moral priorities, epistemic values, and attitudes towards uncertainty were the main factors sustaining the debate. With this un...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - August 1, 2013 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Narcyz Ghinea, Wendy Lipworth, Miles Little, Ian Kerridge, Richard Day Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
