Research Ethics Education in Post ‐Graduate Medical Curricula in I.R. Iran
Abstract
Research ethics training during post‐graduate education is necessary to improve ethical standards in the design and conduct of biomedical research. We studied quality and quantity of research ethics training in the curricula of post‐graduate programs in the medical science in I.R. Iran. We evaluated curricula of 125 post‐graduate programs in medical sciences in I.R. Iran. We qualitatively studied the curricula by education level, including the Master and PhD degrees and analyzed the contents and the amount of teaching allocated for ethics training in each curriculum. We found no research ethics training in 7...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - July 31, 2016 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Nazila Nikravanfard, Faezeh Khorasanizadeh, Kazem Zendehdel Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Informed Consent in Health Research: Challenges and Barriers in Low ‐and Middle‐Income Countries with Specific Reference to Nepal
Abstract
Obtaining ‘informed consent’ from every individual participant involved in health research is a mandatory ethical practice. Informed consent is a process whereby potential participants are genuinely informed about their role, risk and rights before they are enrolled in the study. Thus, ethics committees in most countries require ‘informed consent form’ as part of an ethics application which is reviewed before granting research ethics approval. Despite a significant increase in health research activity in low‐and middle‐income countries (LMICs) in recent years, only limited work has been done to address...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - July 31, 2016 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Pramod R. Regmi, Nirmal Aryal, Om Kurmi, Puspa Raj Pant, Edwin Teijlingen, Sharada P. Wasti Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Dilemmas in international research and the value of practical wisdom
Abstract
When conducting research in an international setting, in a country different than that of the researcher, unpredictable circumstances can arise. A study conducted by a novice North American researcher with a vulnerable population in northern Ghana highlights these happenings with an emphasis placed on the ethical challenges encountered. An illustration from the research is used to highlight an ethical dilemma while in the field, and how utilizing a moral decision‐making framework can assist in making choices about a participant's right to autonomy, privacy, and confidentiality during the research process. Moral ...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - July 18, 2016 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Kimberly Jarvis Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Zika virus, women and ethics
(Source: Developing World Bioethics)
Source: Developing World Bioethics - July 4, 2016 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Debora Diniz Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Table of Contents
(Source: Developing World Bioethics)
Source: Developing World Bioethics - July 4, 2016 Category: Medical Ethics Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research
Cell Churches and Stem Cell Marketing in South Korea and the United States
Abstract
The commercial provision of putative stem cell‐based medical interventions in the absence of conclusive evidence of safety and efficacy has formed the basis of an unregulated industry for more than a decade. Many clinics offering such supposed stem cell treatments include statements about the ‘ethical’ nature of somatic (often colloquially referred to as ‘adult’ stem cells) stem cells, in specific contrast to human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), which have been the subject of intensive political, legal, and religious controversy since their first derivation in 1998. Christian groups—both Roman Catholic ...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - March 31, 2016 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Douglas Sipp Tags: Special Issue Source Type: research
A scoping study on the ethics of health systems research
Abstract
Currently, health systems research (HSR) is reviewed by the same ethical standards as clinical research, which has recently been argued in the literature to be an inappropriate standard of evaluation. The issues unique to HSR warrant a different review by research ethics committees (RECs), as it does not impose the same risks to study participants as other types of clinical or public health research. However, there are limited tools and supporting documents that clarify the ethical considerations. Therefore, there is a need for additional reflection around ethical review of HSR and their consideration by RECs. The...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - March 31, 2016 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Abdulgafoor M. Bachani, Abbas Rattani, Adnan A. Hyder Tags: Special Issue Source Type: research
Benefit Sharing in a Global Context: Working Towards Solutions for Implementation
Abstract
Due to the state of globalized clinical research, questions have been raised as to what, if any, benefits those who contribute to research should receive. One model for compensating research participants is “benefit sharing,” and the basic premise is that, as a matter of justice, those who contribute to scientific research should share in its benefits. While incorporated into several international documents for over two decades, benefit sharing has only been sparsely implemented. This analysis begins by addressing the concept of benefit sharing, its historical development, and how it has been applied in the co...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - March 31, 2016 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Daniel J. Hurst Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Health Systems Research Consortia and the Promotion of Health Equity in Low and Middle‐Income Countries
Abstract
Health systems research is widely identified as an indispensable means to achieve the goal of health equity between and within countries. Numerous health systems research consortia comprised of institutions from high‐income countries and low and middle‐income countries (LMICs) are currently undertaking programs of research in LMICs. These partnerships differ from collaborations that carry out single projects in the multiplicity of their goals, scope of their activities, and nature of their management. Recent conceptual work has explored what features might be necessary for health systems research consortia and...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - March 16, 2016 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Bridget Pratt, Katharine A. Allen, Adnan A. Hyder Tags: Special Issue Source Type: research
Health Systems Research Consortia and the Promotion of Health Equity in Low and Middle ‐Income Countries
Abstract
Health systems research is widely identified as an indispensable means to achieve the goal of health equity between and within countries. Numerous health systems research consortia comprised of institutions from high‐income countries and low and middle‐income countries (LMICs) are currently undertaking programs of research in LMICs. These partnerships differ from collaborations that carry out single projects in the multiplicity of their goals, scope of their activities, and nature of their management. Recent conceptual work has explored what features might be necessary for health systems research consortia and...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - March 15, 2016 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Bridget Pratt, Katharine A. Allen, Adnan A. Hyder Tags: Special Issue Source Type: research
Health Systems Research in a Complex and Rapidly Changing Context: Ethical Implications of Major Health Systems Change at Scale
Abstract
This paper discusses health policy and systems research in complex and rapidly changing contexts. It focuses on ethical issues at stake for researchers working with government policy makers to provide evidence to inform major health systems change at scale, particularly when the dynamic nature of the context and ongoing challenges to the health system can result in unpredictable outcomes. We focus on situations where ‘country ownership’ of HSR is relatively well established and where there is significant involvement of local researchers and close ties and relationships with policy makers are often present. We ...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - March 10, 2016 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Hayley MacGregor, Gerald Bloom Tags: Special Issue Source Type: research
The Saudi Law of Ethics of Research on Living Creatures and its Implementing Regulations
Abstract
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia passed a Law and Implementing Regulations of Ethics of Research on Living Creatures in 14/09/1431 Hijri (24/08/2010). We have performed an ethical analysis of this law and, accordingly, this paper discusses the major components, key strengths, and weaknesses of this law. The Saudi system considers Islamic Shariah in addition to international research ethics guidelines. The Law and its Implementing Regulations contain all ethical requirements for research. We conclude that this law can serve as an example, not only for other Arab countries in the region that have similar values and socia...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - March 4, 2016 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Ghiath Alahmad Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Table of Contents
(Source: Developing World Bioethics)
Source: Developing World Bioethics - March 2, 2016 Category: Medical Ethics Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research
From Ethical Exceptionalism to Ethical Exceptions: The Rule and exception Model and the Changing Meaning of Ethics In German Bioregulation
Abstract
Germany is an interesting case with respect to the governance of reprogenetics. It has a strong profile in the technosciences and high aims regarding the global bioeconomy, yet her regulation of human genetics, reproductive medicine and embryo research has for a long time been rather restrictive. German biopolitical exceptionalism has often been explained by reference to Catholicism and the legacy of the Nazi past. The Germans, so goes the common story, have learnt the lessons of history and translated them into unconditional respect for human dignity, which in turn translates into unconditional protection of huma...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - February 12, 2016 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Kathrin Braun Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
What Makes Health Systems Research in Developing Countries Ethical? Application of the Emanuel Framework for Clinical Research to Health Systems Research
Abstract
The growing importance of health systems research has opened debate about appropriate ethical frameworks and guidelines for the ethical review and conduct of health systems research. In this article we consider a detailed proposal from Hyder et al. (2014) and consider it in relation to the conventional criteria for ethics review of clinical research outlined by Emanuel et al. (2004; 2008) and argue that the Emanuel criteria can be usefully applied to the review of health systems research to supplement the Hyder et al. proposals. We argue further that health systems researchers and reviewers would benefit fro...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - February 12, 2016 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Doug Wassenaar, Abbas Rattani Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
