Against Permitted Exploitation in Developing World Research Agreements
Abstract
This paper examines the moral force of exploitation in developing world research agreements. Taking for granted that some clinical research which is conducted in the developing world but funded by developed world sponsors is exploitative, it asks whether a third party would be morally justified in enforcing limits on research agreements in order to ensure more fair and less exploitative outcomes. This question is particularly relevant when such exploitative transactions are entered into voluntarily by all relevant parties, and both research sponsors and host communities benefit from the resulting agreements. I sho...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - December 1, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Danielle M. Wenner Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Prioritising Healthcare Workers for Ebola Treatment: Treating Those at Greatest Risk to Confer Greatest Benefit
Abstract
The Ebola epidemic in Western Africa has highlighted issues related to weak health systems, the politics of drug and vaccine development and the need for transparent and ethical criteria for use of scarce local and global resources during public health emergency. In this paper we explore two key themes. First, we argue that independent of any use of experimental drugs or vaccine interventions, simultaneous implementation of proven public health principles, community engagement and culturally sensitive communication are critical as these measures represent the most cost‐effective and fair utilization of available...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - December 1, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Priya Satalkar, Bernice E. Elger, David M. Shaw Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
‘Pharmacy of the World’ is ill?
(Source: Developing World Bioethics)
Source: Developing World Bioethics - December 1, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Aman Goyal Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Managing Ethical Challenges to Mental Health Research in Post‐Conflict Settings
Abstract
Recently the World Health Organization (WHO) has highlighted the need to strengthen mental health systems following emergencies, including natural and manmade disasters. Mental health services need to be informed by culturally attuned evidence that is developed through research. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish rigorous ethical research practice to underpin the evidence‐base for mental health services delivered during and following emergencies. (Source: Developing World Bioethics)
Source: Developing World Bioethics - December 1, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Anna Chiumento, Muhammad Naseem Khan, Atif Rahman, Lucy Frith Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Reviewing HIV‐Related Research in Emerging Economies: The Role of Government Reviewing Agencies
Abstract
Little research has explored the possible effects of government institutions in emerging economies on ethical reviews of multinational research. We conducted semi‐structured, in‐depth telephone interviews with 15 researchers, Research Ethics Committees (RECs) personnel, and a government agency member involved in multinational HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) research in emerging economies. Ministries of Health (MOH) or other government agencies often play pivotal roles as facilitators or barriers in the research ethics approval process. Government agency RECs reviewing protocols may face particular challen...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - November 11, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Patrina Sexton, Katrina Hui, Donna Hanrahan, Mark Barnes, Jeremy Sugarman, Alex John London, Robert Klitzman Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Many Thanks to Developing World Bioethics Reviewers
(Source: Developing World Bioethics)
Source: Developing World Bioethics - October 30, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Tags: MANY THANKS TO REVIEWERS Source Type: research
Books Received in 2014 by Developing World Bioethics
(Source: Developing World Bioethics)
Source: Developing World Bioethics - October 30, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Tags: BOOKS RECEIVED IN 2014 BY Source Type: research
Bioethics and the Ebola Outbreak in West Africa
(Source: Developing World Bioethics)
Source: Developing World Bioethics - October 30, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Udo Schuklenk Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research
Sharing the Knowledge: Sharing Aggregate Genomic Findings with Research Participants in Developing Countries
Abstract
Returning research results to participants is recognised as an obligation that researchers should always try to fulfil. But can we ascribe the same obligation to researchers who conduct genomics research producing only aggregated findings? And what about genomics research conducted in developing countries?
This paper considers Beskow's et al. argument that aggregated findings should also be returned to research participants. This recommendation is examined in the context of genomics research conducted in developing countries. The risks and benefits of attempting such an exercise are identified, and suggestions o...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - August 1, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Angeliki Kerasidou Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
A Survey of Scientist and Policy Makers' Attitudes Toward Research on Stored Human Biological Materials in Sri Lanka
ConclusionThe study concludes that sample donors should be given the option of giving advance consent to unspecified future research provided that future research is approved by an ethics committee. In collaborative research, it is necessary to involve ethics committees from donor countries in the research approval process. (Source: Developing World Bioethics)
Source: Developing World Bioethics - August 1, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Vajira H.W. Dissanayake, Dulika S. Sumathipala, U.G.A.C. Kariyawasam, J.M.D.N.M.M. Jayamanne, P.K.D.S. Nisansala, Reidar Lie Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
To What did They Consent? Understanding Consent Among Low Literacy Participants in a Microbicide Feasibility Study in Mazabuka, Zambia
Abstract
We conducted a study to review the consenting process in a vaginal Microbicide feasibility study conducted in Mazabuka, Zambia. Participants were drawn from those participating in the microbicide study. A questionnaire and focus group discussion were used to collect information on participants understanding of study aims, risks and benefits. Altogether, 200 participants took part in this study. The results of the study showed that while all participants signed or endorsed their thumbprints to the consent forms, full informed consent was not attained from most of the participants since 77% (n = 154) of the part...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - August 1, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Esther Munalula‐Nkandu, Paul Ndebele, Seter Siziya, JC Munthali Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Developing Clinical Research Relationship: Views from Within
Abstract
The nature of the relationship between clinical investigator and research participant continues to be contested. The related discussions have largely focused on the doctor‐researcher dichotomy thought to permeate the work of a clinical investigator with research participants, whom in turn occupy two corresponding roles: patient and subject. This paper contributes to current debates on the topic by providing a voice to research participants, whose perspectives have been largely invisible. It draws on 42 in‐depth interviews conducted in Ghana and South Africa with respondents at different stages of involvement i...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - August 1, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Olga Zvonareva, Lloyd Akrong Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Access to Medicines in Developing Countries: Ethical Demands and Moral Economy
(Source: Developing World Bioethics)
Source: Developing World Bioethics - July 17, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Maurice Cassier, Marilena Correa Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research
Needs‐Driven Versus Market‐Driven Pharmaceutical Innovation: The Consortium for the Development of a New Medicine against Malaria in Brazil
Abstract
The prevailing model for encouraging innovation based on patents and market‐oriented raises at least two economic and ethical issues: it imposes barriers on individuals and developing countries governments' access to medicines by defining prices that do not match their income, and the unavailability of new or appropriate products to address the health problems of these populations. In the last decade, this scenario has undergone some changes due to the emergence of new actors, the contribution of aid resources, the introduction to the market of new products against neglected diseases, the development of new gove...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - April 25, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Koichi Kameda Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Access to Medicines and Distributive Justice: Breaching Doha's Ethical Threshold
Abstract
The global health crisis in non‐communicable diseases (NCDs) reveals a deep global health inequity that lies at the heart of global justice concerns. Mirroring the HIV/AIDS epidemic, NCDs bring into stark relief once more the human consequences of trade policies that reinforce global inequities in treatment access. Recognising distributive justice issues in access to medicines for their populations, World Trade Organisation (WTO) members confirmed the primacy of access to medicines for all in trade and public health in the landmark Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health of 2001. (Source: Devel...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - April 21, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Rachel Kiddell‐Monroe Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
