Measurement, “scriptural economies,” and social justice: governing HIV/AIDS treatments by numbers in a fragile state, the Central African Republic (CAR)
Abstract
Fragile states have been raising increasing concern among donors since the mid‐2000s. The policies of the Global Fund to fight HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and Tuberculosis (GF) have not excluded fragile states, and this source has provided financing for these countries according to standardized procedures. They represent interesting cases for exploring the meaning and role of measurement in a globalized context. Measurement in the field of HIV/AIDS and its treatment has given rise to a private outsourcing of expertise and auditing, thereby creating a new form of value based on the social process of registration and the c...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - February 3, 2016 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Pierre‐Marie David Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
The Italian Way to Stem Cell Research: Rethinking the Role of Catholic Religion in Shaping Italian Stem Cell Research Regulations
Abstract
Stem cell research regulations are highly variable across nations, notwithstanding shared and common ethical concerns. Dominant in political debates has been the so‐called embryo question. However, the permissibility of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research varies among national regulatory frameworks. Scholars have explained differences by resorting to notions of political culture, traditions of ethical reasoning, discursive strategies and political manoeuvring of involved actors. Explanations based on the role of religion or other cultural structural variables are also employed. This paper analyses the emer...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - January 21, 2016 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Lorenzo Beltrame Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
The Italian Way to Stem Cell Research: Rethinking the Role of Catholic Religion in Shaping Italianstem Cell Research Regulations
Abstract
Stem cell research regulations are highly variable across nations, notwithstanding shared and common ethical concerns. Dominant in political debates has been the so‐called embryo question. However, the permissibility of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research varies among national regulatory frameworks. Scholars have explained differences by resorting to notions of political culture, traditions of ethical reasoning, discursive strategies and political manoeuvring of involved actors. Explanations based on the role of religion or other cultural structural variables are also employed. This paper analyses the emer...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - January 21, 2016 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Lorenzo Beltrame Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
No ethical divide between China and the West in human embryo research
Abstract
This is a discussion of the reaction to the recent research article publication in the journal Protein & Cell by a group of scientists at Sun Yat‐sen University using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique on editing non‐viable human zygotes. Many commentators condemned the Chinese scientists for overstepping ethical boundaries long accepted in Western countries and accused China of having lax regulations on genomic research in general. We argue that not only did this research follow strict ethical standards and fully comply with current regulations, but China also has a well‐developed regulatory framework governing ...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - January 21, 2016 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Xiaomei Zhai, Vincent Ng, Reidar Lie Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Abortion Law in Transnational Perspective – Cases and Controversies. Edited by Rebecca J. Cook, Joanna N. Erdman, and Bernard M. Dickens. Pennsylvania Studies in Human Right Series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014. 472 pages. $65 on Amazon. ISBN 978‐0‐8122‐4627‐8 (hardcover).
(Source: Developing World Bioethics)
Source: Developing World Bioethics - January 21, 2016 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Andrew Fisher Tags: Book Review Source Type: research
Factors Affecting Women's Autonomous Decision Making In Research Participation Amongst Yoruba Women Of Western Nigeria
Abstract
Research is a global enterprise requiring participation of both genders for generalizable knowledge; advancement of science and evidence based medical treatment. Participation of women in research is necessary to reduce the current bias that most empirical evidence is obtained from studies with men to inform health care and related policy interventions. Various factors are assumed to limit autonomy amongst the Yoruba women of western Nigeria. This paper seeks to explore the experience and understanding of autonomy by the Yoruba women in relation to research participation. Focus is on factors that affect women's au...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - December 1, 2015 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Chitu Womehoma Princewill, Ayodele S. Jegede, Karin Nordström, Bolatito Lanre‐Abass, Bernice Simone Elger Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Understanding Health Research Ethics in Nepal
Abstract
Unlike other countries in South Asia, in Nepal research in the health sector has a relatively recent history. Most health research activities in the country are sponsored by international collaborative assemblages of aid agencies and universities. Data from Nepal Health Research Council shows that, officially, 1,212 health research activities have been carried out between 1991 and 2014. These range from addressing immediate health problems at the country level through operational research, to evaluations and programmatic interventions that are aimed at generating evidence, to more systematic research activities th...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - December 1, 2015 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Jeevan Raj Sharma, Rekha Khatri, Ian Harper Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Raising the Barriers to Access to Medicines in the Developing World – The Relentless Push for Data Exclusivity
This article illustrates how the pharmaceutical industry has convinced the US and the EU to impose data exclusivity on their trade partners, many of them developing countries. The key arguments formulated by the pharmaceutical industry in favor of adopting data exclusivity and their underlying ethical assumptions are described in this article, analyzed, and found to be unconvincing. Contrary to industry's arguments, it is unlikely that data exclusivity will promote innovation, especially in developing countries. Moreover, the industry's appeal to a property rights claim over clinical test data and the idea that data exclus...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - December 1, 2015 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Lisa Diependaele, Julian Cockbain, Sigrid Sterckx Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Beyond the Sterility of a Distinct African Bioethics: Addressing the Conceptual Bioethics Lag in Africa
Abstract
In the current debate on the future of bioethics in Africa, several authors have argued for a distinct communitarian African bioethics that can counter the dominancy of Western atomistic principlism in contemporary bioethics. In this article I examine this rather contentious argument and evaluate its validity and viability. Firstly, I trace the contextual origins of contemporary bioethics and highlight the rise and dominance of principlism. I particularly note that principlism was premised on a content‐thin notion of the common morality that is in need of enrichment. I also contend that bioethics is essentially ...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - December 1, 2015 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Gerald M. Ssebunnya Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Gillian Brock and Michael Blake, Debating Brain Drain – May Governments Restrict Emigration? New York: Oxford University Press, 2015. 312 pp, $ 24; ISBN: 9780199315628
(Source: Developing World Bioethics)
Source: Developing World Bioethics - December 1, 2015 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Christine Straehle Tags: Book Review Source Type: research
Future Infectious Disease Outbreaks: Ethics of Emergency Access to Unregistered Medical Interventions and Clinical Trial Designs
(Source: Developing World Bioethics)
Source: Developing World Bioethics - December 1, 2015 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Udo Schuklenk Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Reconsidering counselling and consent
Abstract
In the current era patient autonomy is enormously important. However, recently there has also been some movement back to ensure that trust in the doctor's skill, knowledge and virtue is not excluded in the process. These new nuances of informed consent have been referred to by terms such as beneficent paternalism, experience‐based paternalism and we would add virtuous paternalism. The purpose of this paper is to consider the history and current problematic nature of counselling and consent. Starting with the tradition founded by Hippocrates we trace and seek to understand how relevant aspects of the patient‐do...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - December 1, 2015 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: David R. Hall, Anton A. Niekerk Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Thank You To Developing World Bioethics Reviewers
(Source: Developing World Bioethics)
Source: Developing World Bioethics - November 2, 2015 Category: Medical Ethics Tags: THANK YOU TO REVIEWERS Source Type: research
Penrose hypothesis and ethical implications
(Source: Developing World Bioethics)
Source: Developing World Bioethics - November 2, 2015 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Debora Diniz, Roberto Tykanori Kinoshita Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research
Post ‐trial obligations in the Declaration of Helsinki 2013: classification, reconstruction and interpretation
Abstract
The general aim of this article is to give a critical interpretation of post‐trial obligations towards individual research participants in the Declaration of Helsinki 2013. Transitioning research participants to the appropriate health care when a research study ends is a global problem. The publication of a new version of the Declaration of Helsinki is a great opportunity to discuss it. In my view, the Declaration of Helsinki 2013 identifies at least two clearly different types of post‐trial obligations, specifically, access to care after research and access to information after research. The agents entitled t...
Source: Developing World Bioethics - October 18, 2015 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Ignacio Mastroleo Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
