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Convolutional Neural Networks: The Possibilities are Almost Endless
Interest in modeling the workings of the brain has plagued our species for centuries. With the advent of neuroscience, this became possible as neuron structure was discovered and further studied. Researchers in the mid-20th century began formulating “artificial neural networks,” architectures that mimicked the human brain through the use of hidden layers and mathematical activation functions likened to neuronal activity. Results were academically interesting, but network scale was limited by computational processing power and the availabili ty of usable, annotated datasets for refining tasks like visual recognition. (S...
Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology - February 21, 2018 Category: Radiology Authors: Rebecca J. Mieloszyk, Puneet Bhargava Source Type: research

Male Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging: When is it Helpful? Our Experience Over the Last Decade
Currently, there are no clear indications or guidelines for performing breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in male patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer. The literature is also very limited on the usage of breast MRI in male patients. Although it is not common or recommended as a routine clinical practice to perform breast MRI in male patients even in the setting of a diagnosis of breast cancer, there are few instances where MRI may help clinicians and surgeons. With a comprehensive review of cases that was performed at our institution over the last 10 years, the readers may achieve better understanding of when...
Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology - February 14, 2018 Category: Radiology Authors: Kyungmin Shin, Sarah Martaindale, Gary J. Whitman Source Type: research

Computed Tomography Imaging of Non-Neoplastic and Neoplastic Benign Gastric Disease
Gastric disease is a common finding in patients imaged in the emergency department, with radiologists encountering more and more benign gastric disease on CT. In this case based review, we discuss CT appearance of various benign gastric pathology including self-limiting conditions such as gastritis, different benign gastric neoplasms, as well as life threatening disorders such as perforation, obstruction, and hemorrhage. (Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology)
Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology - February 12, 2018 Category: Radiology Authors: Maria Zulfiqar, Anup Shetty, Vilaas Shetty, Christine Menias Source Type: research

Why Is This Auntminnie a Diagnostic Conundrum?: A Knowledge-Based Approach to Balo ’s Concentric Sclerosis From Reports of 3 Cases and Pooled Data From 68 Other Patients in the Literature
We came across 3 cases of Balo ’s concentric sclerosis (BCS). The first of these patients presented to an outside hospital and was transferred to our institution due to complications resulting from a biopsy. The other 2 patients, despite having a characteristic imaging appearance and despite insistence on our part on the diagno sis of BCS, underwent a surgical procedure, which could have been prevented. This led us to review the available literature on BCS. (Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology)
Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology - February 7, 2018 Category: Radiology Authors: Mohit Agarwal, John L. Ulmer, Andrew P. Klein, Leighton P. Mark Source Type: research

Online Interactive Case-Based Instruction in Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging Interpretation Using Prostate Imaging and Reporting Data System Version 2: Effect for Novice Readers
To assess the effect on reader performance of an interactive case-based online tutorial for prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) interpretation using Prostate Imaging and Reporting Data System (PI-RADS). (Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology)
Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology - February 7, 2018 Category: Radiology Authors: Andrew B. Rosenkrantz, Jovan Begovic, Antonio Pires, Eugene Won, Samir S. Taneja, James S. Babb Source Type: research

Radiographic Cobb Angle: A Feature of Congenital Lumbar Spine Stenosis
A low cost, reproducible radiographic method of diagnosing congenital lumbar spinal stenosis (CLSS) is lacking. We hypothesized that the Cobb angle for lumbar lordosis would be smaller in patients with CLSS, based on observations in our spine clinic patient population. Here, we compared lumbar lordosis Cobb angles with the radiographic ratio method in patients with normal spine imaging, degenerative spinal stenosis, and with CLSS. (Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology)
Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology - February 5, 2018 Category: Radiology Authors: Falgun H. Chokshi, Nadja Kadom, Nishant Dwivedi, Suprateek Kundu, Ahmed Y. Moussa, Chadi Tannoury, Tony Tannoury Source Type: research

Benefits of Integrated RIS/PACS/Reporting Due to Automatic Population of Templated Reports
With integration of the Radiological Information Systems (RIS), Picture Archiving and Communication systems (PACS), and reporting systems, patient identifiers and examination information can automatically map into examination reports. There are many potential benefits of report automation to radiologists including improvements in efficiency, accuracy, and fatigue. In this article we describe a 2 part study, with the first part being an anonymous survey of radiologists concerning report automation. (Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology)
Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology - February 4, 2018 Category: Radiology Authors: Mark D. Kovacs, Maximilian Y. Cho, Philip F. Burchett, Michael Trambert Source Type: research

Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Ankle as a Possible Predictor of Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Pilot Study
Chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is seen in up to 75% of treated cancer patients and can drastically limit their medical management and affect quality of life. Clinical and electrodiagnostic testing for CIPN have many pitfalls. Magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) is being increasingly used in the evaluation of peripheral nerves. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) shows promise in the workup of peripheral nerves. In this prospective pilot study, we investigated a possible relationship between DTI and peripheral neuropathy of the ankle and foot in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. (Source: Current Prob...
Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology - February 3, 2018 Category: Radiology Authors: Lana Hirai Gimber, Linda Garland, Elizabeth A. Krupinski, Tyson S. Chadaz, Michael Schwenk, Bijan Najafi, Mihra S. Taljanovic Source Type: research

Common Resident Errors When Interpreting Computed Tomography of the Abdomen and Pelvis: A Review of Types, Pitfalls, and Strategies for Improvement
The purpose of this study was to identify common errors that radiology residents make when interpreting abdominopelvic (AP) computed tomography (CT) while on call, to review the typical imaging findings of these cases, and to discuss strategies for improvement. (Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology)
Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology - February 3, 2018 Category: Radiology Authors: Benjamin Wildman-Tobriner, Brian C. Allen, Charles M. Maxfield Source Type: research