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Online‐Only Abstract
(Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection)
Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection - July 16, 2014 Category: Microbiology Tags: Abstract of Online‐Only Original article Source Type: research

Online‐Only Abstracts
(Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection)
Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection - July 16, 2014 Category: Microbiology Tags: Abstracts of Online‐Only Original Articles Source Type: research

Biological warfare, bioterrorism, and biocrime
Abstract Biological weapons achieve their intended target effects through the infectivity of disease‐causing infectious agents. The ability to use biological agents in warfare is prohibited by the Biological and Toxin Weapon Convention. Bioterrorism is defined as the deliberate release of viruses, bacteria or other agents used to cause illness or death in people, but also in animals or plants. It is aimed at creating casualties, terror, societal disruption, or economic loss, inspired by ideological, religious or political beliefs. The success of bioterroristic attempts is defined by the measure of societal disruption and...
Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection - July 16, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: H. J. Jansen, F. J. Breeveld, C. Stijnis, M. P. Grobusch Tags: Review Source Type: research

Rapid diagnosis of pyrazinamide‐resistant multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis using a molecular‐based diagnostic algorithm
In conclusion, pyrazinamide‐resistant MDR‐TB can be accurately detected using pncA sequencing added to rpoB mutation analysis. We propose to include pncA sequencing in every isolate with an rpoB mutation, allowing for stratification of MDR‐TB treatment according to pyrazinamide susceptibility. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection)
Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection - July 16, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: S. O. Simons, T. Laan, A. Mulder, J. Ingen, L. Rigouts, P. N. R. Dekhuijzen, M. J. Boeree, D. Soolingen Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

New epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infection in Africa
Abstract Research on African Staphylococcus aureus has been largely neglected in the past, despite the cultural and geographical diversity in Africa, which has a significant impact on the epidemiology of this pathogen. The polarity between developed urban societies and remote rural populations (e.g. Pygmies), combined with close contact with animals (e.g. livestock and domestic animals, and wildlife), makes the epidemiology of S. aureus on the African continent unique and fascinating. Here, we try to draw an epidemiological picture of S. aureus colonization and infection in Africa, and focus on the wide spread of Panton...
Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection - July 12, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: F. Schaumburg, A. S. Alabi, G. Peters, K. Becker Tags: Review Source Type: research

Impact of source of infection and vancomycin AUC0–24/MICBMD targets on treatment failure in patients with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia
Abstract Despite recent controversies about toxicity and reduced efficacy, vancomycin remains the current treatment of choice for methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia. The parameter associated with treatment success is the vancomycin 24‐h area under concentration‐time curve to MIC ratio (AUC0–24/MIC). We aimed to determine the utility of calculated AUCs and explore the optimal AUC0–24/MIC targets associated with treatment success. In this single‐centre retrospective observational cohort study of 127 patients with MRSA bacteraemia, forty‐five (35.4%) did not respond to vancomycin trea...
Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection - July 12, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: N. Ghosh, R. Chavada, M. Maley, S. J. Hal Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

The clearance of oral high‐risk human papillomavirus infection is impaired by long‐term persistence of cervical human papillomavirus infection
Abstract Persistence of high‐risk (HR‐) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of the uterine cervix increases the risk of cervical cancer. Oral HPV infections are among potential covariates of long‐term genotype‐specific persistent cervical HR‐HPV infections. It is not known whether this persistence reflects inability of the host to reject HPV infections in general. A case–control setting was designed to estimate the covariates of long‐term persistent cervical HR‐HPV infections using multivariate generalized estimating equation (GEE) models. HPV was detected with PCR using GP05+/GP06+‐primers and genotyped...
Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection - July 12, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: K. Louvanto, J. Rautava, K. Syrjänen, S. Grénman, S. Syrjänen Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Staphylococcus aureus ‘Down Under’: contemporary epidemiology of S. aureus in Australia, New Zealand, and the South West Pacific
Abstract The clinical and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus disease has changed considerably over the past two decades, particularly with the emergence and spread of community‐associated methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (CA‐MRSA) clones. Indeed, some of the first global descriptions of CA‐MRSA were from remote indigenous communities in Western Australia, and from Pacific Peoples in New Zealand. The epidemiology of S. aureus infections in the South West Pacific has several unique features, largely because of the relative geographical isolation and unique indigenous communities residing in this region....
Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection - July 12, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: D. A. Williamson, G. W. Coombs, G. R. Nimmo Tags: Review Source Type: research

Breakthrough invasive fungal disease in patients receiving posaconazole primary prophylaxis: a 4‐year study
Abstract Posaconazole (PSC) is currently recommended as primary prophylaxis in neutropenic patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and in allogenic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) recipients with graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). Studies focusing on breakthrough invasive fungal disease (IFD) upon PSC prophylaxis show disparate results. In order to evaluate the incidence of IFD in patients on PSC prophylaxis and identify IFD risk factors, we carried out a retrospective study of all consecutive patients on PP from January 2007 to December 2010 in our hospital. Breakthrough IFDs were identified from t...
Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection - July 12, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: N. Lerolle, E. Raffoux, G. Socie, S. Touratier, H. Sauvageon, R. Porcher, S. Bretagne, A. Bergeron, E. Azoulay, J.‐M. Molina, M. Lafaurie Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Impact of source of infection and vancomycin AUC0 –24/MICBMD targets on treatment failure in patients with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia
Abstract Despite recent controversies about toxicity and reduced efficacy, vancomycin remains the current treatment of choice for methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia. The parameter associated with treatment success is the vancomycin 24‐h area under concentration‐time curve to MIC ratio (AUC0–24/MIC). We aimed to determine the utility of calculated AUCs and explore the optimal AUC0–24/MIC targets associated with treatment success. In this single‐centre retrospective observational cohort study of 127 patients with MRSA bacteraemia, forty‐five (35.4%) did not respond to vancomycin trea...
Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection - July 11, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: N. Ghosh, R. Chavada, M. Maley, S. J. Hal Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Humoral immune response as predictor of recurrence in Clostridium difficile infection
Clinical Microbiology and Infection,Volume 20, Issue 12, Page 1323-1328, December 2014. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection)
Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection - July 10, 2014 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Detection of small amounts of human adenoviruses in stools: comparison of a new immuno real ‐time PCR assay with classical tools
Clinical Microbiology and Infection,Volume 20, Issue 12, Page O1010-O1016, December 2014. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection)
Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection - July 10, 2014 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research